however, frequently finding the fame great excavations, which, in lower grounds, are vaguely attributed to running waters, the fallacy of this laft idea ftruck me, and I first concluded, that thofe excavations exifted from the origin of our continents. There alfo I could ftudy, without any poffible mistake, the effects of all the immediate caufes which have acted on the abrupt parts of the furface of our continents, ever fince they have exifted; namely, the tendency of thofe parts to moulder down by the effects of the weather; the progrefs of that decay; its tendency to an end, when the rubbish is undisturbed; the causes that can disturb it; and the maximum of their effects. That preliminary study enabled me, afterward, to diftinguish, in other places, the real effects of running waters, from the effects of other caufes, which are only rendered effectual by certain original ftates of the grounds, eafily traced back; and from that fingle difcrimination of caufes, light fucceeded to the obfcurity in which the phenomena of the furface of the earth had been involved by fome geologifts: for then, rendered attentive to origins and progreffes of natural operations on our dry land, I found many different clafles of them, which fix its origin at a time not very remote,
26. The importance of the final refult of thofe obfervations, has made me defirous to facilitate them to others, by sketching a plan of researches, and pointing out the objects which are to be examined. That ftudy is, in a great degree, almost within the reach of every man; for there is hardly any country which does not afford fome of the claffes of phenomena, which may lead to the age of our continents; and I have known from experience, what intereft fuch a fixed and endless object of observation can spread on the fuppofed loft hours of travelling or airing. After a little practice in that kind of observation, the effects of the principal caufes which have acted on every part of our land, may eafily be diftinguifhed: the effects produced by each of thofe caules, in former times, have left clear monuments: their prefent operations are feen; and the whole together affords various meafures of time, which I fhall explain.
This, Sir, is the plan of a future letter; in which, following that form, 1 fhall treat of various claffes of phenomena, rendered now more interefting by their explained tendency; and which will confine the age of our continents within very narrow limits.
Your moft obedient humble fervant,
To the REMARKABLE PASSAGES in this Volume.
N. B. To find any particular Book, or Pamphlet, fee the Table of Contents, prefixed to the Volume.
Athens, account of the famous revolution in, from a Democracy to an Oligarchy, 382.
Auftrians, charged with pride and arro- gance, 190. The charge answered, in vindication of the court of Vienna, 191.
Becker, Archbishop, narrative of the cir- comftances of his murder, 374. His conduct and character, 376.
Benyowsky, Count, his birth, &c. 170. Taken prifoner by the Ruffians, ib. His efcape from Cazan, 171. His ar- Vifits Formofa, rival at Japan, ib. 172 Returns to Europe, 173. His expedition to Madagascar, and advance. ment to fovereign power there, 174 Propofes an alliance with the British His death, 175: < government, ib. Berkeley, Bishop, his letter to Mr. Pope, defcribing the inland of Inarime, 245. Bertbolan, Abbé, his memoir on the im- portance of clean freets, 547. the kind of water moft favourable to vegetation, 555.
Berthout Van Berchem, his table of qua- drupeds, 545. His obfervations on the difcrimination of quadrupeds into fpe- ces, &c. 548.
Bologna, fome account of, 498. Bradgate, fome account of the manor of,
Bruce, Mr. his dangerous journey through in the the great Nubian defert, 33. kingdom of Sennaar, 35. His return to Cairo, where he obtains a firman, of great advantage to the English mer His account of the anti- chants, 47. dyfenterica, 121. Of the Rhinoceros, 123. Of the horned viper, tb. Of Of the Zimb, a dreadful infect, 125. the antient Cushites, 127. fhepherds, and fhepherd kings of an- cient Egypt, 129. Of the origin of arts, ido atry, and hieroglyphics, 131. His travels ridiculed by Peter Pindar,
Branings, M. C. his prize dissertation on the velocity of running water, 500. His account of a new hyetometer, 503. Bruttelen, analysis of the mineral waters of, 555.
Barke, Mr. his rhapsodical, vifionary pic- ture of the queen of France, 325. See allo France.
Canonbury-House, antiquity of, 415. Catherine of Medicis, her character, 59. Cattle, rules to be obferved by the breed-
ers of, with respect to form, &c. 404. Cave of the Weird Sifters, in Lapland, poetically described, 76.
Cerafies, the horned viper, curious ac- count of, 123.
Children, good remarks on the character- iftic variety, and proper management, of their difpofitions, 306. Chinese typography, executed in Germany, with moveable types, 563. Cbrifeul Gouffier, Count de, his difference with the Count de Ferrieres Sauveboeuf, 505.
Clarke, Dr. Sam. claffed with the Unita rians, 14.
Clergy, their obligations to a refidence
on their livings ftrongly urged, 477. Coligny, Admiral, his excellent character, 61.
Condé, Lewis, Prince of, his character, 60.
Congreve, the poet, letter from, 246. Corn, obfervations relative to the bounty
on the exportation of, 348. New plan for a bounty on wheat, ib, Cufo, his defcendants, hiftory of, 127,
Dysentery, cured by the root of the Woo- ginoos, an Abyffinian vegetable, 121.
Education, new plan of, by Mrs. Mac- aulay Graham, 305.
-, general encomium on a good one, 331. Remarks on the conduct of fome parents, on this head, 395- English, their luxury in building and de- corating their houses, 30. Electricity, experiments to fhew its influ. ence on plants, 521. The ftroke of not dangerous, 525.
Elm, profitable culture of that tree, 409. Evil, original defign of, investigated, 529. Exchaquet, M. on the analyfis of fedative fait, 551.
on the method of extract- ing the phofphoric acid from bones, 552.
Fogs. See Verdeil. France, extracts from the general hiftory of,59. The feeds of the late Revolution in that kingdom traced, 62. The Re- volution matured, and compleated, 70. Burke's reflections on, 313-326. Mr. Burke's reflections continued, 438 -464. Encomium on the Revolu- tion, by an English lady, written on the spot, 428. Eftimate of the pre- fent ftate of government in France, 565.
Français, Profeffor, his invention of a new fteam engine, 546.
Fretfulness, a temper inimical to friend- hip, 33.
Houttuyn, Dr, his memoir an the flowers
of the nutmeg-tree, 502.
Howard, Mr. his character defended, 471, 472.
Halbeff, M. his prize differtation, given by the Teylerian Society, concerning the foul, 483. His prize memoir on the exiftence of a Deity, 504.
Jamaica, advantageous account of that ifland, 293. Defcription of the fugar cane, ib. Of the dreadful hurricanes there, 294.
Ibex, of Savoy, described, 549. Jefus Chrift, never claimed the title of God, 512.
Inarime, inland of, defcribed by Bishop Berkeley, 245.
Iflington, antiquarian account of, 416. Juries, their utility vindicated, 435. Juvenal, criticifm relative to a difficult paffage in, 239.
Knox, Mr. charged with great errors in his Strictures on the modes of our Uni- verfity education, 284. Kragtingh, M. his account of a dreadful fracture of the arm, 505.
Laughter, infances of a very fingular pro- penfity to, and from unufual caufes, 247.
Lead-ore, in Derbyshire, amount of the
Leechman, Dr. biographical account of, 411. His manner of lecturing. 412. Leeks iuccessfully ufed in the dropfy, 27. Lefanu, Mrs. See Sheridan.
Leicester, account of the public library there, 419.
Limbourg, Dr. his memoirs on the influ-
ence of the moon on vegetation, 548. Lindley, lordship of, 418. Longitude, correfpondence with the Re-
viewers, on a method propofed for measuring a degree of, 359. Louis XIV. his odious reign, and mifer- able death, 559:
Louis XV. late king of France, by his quarrels with his parliaments, lays the foundation of the great Revolution in that country, 62. Progress of the dif putes, 64. Louis XVI the prefent king of France, his difputes with the parliament of Paris, 66. Affembles the Notables, 69. Defeated in his defpotic views, ib. The grand Revolution commences, 70.
Marshall, Mr. the agriculturift, his plan of a review of the old books on rural fubjects, 480,
Marriage, juft obfervations on, 396. Stolen matches highly cenfurable, 397. Source of matrimonial differences pointed out, 468.
Mask, the famous prifoner, wearing that difguife, in the time of Louis XIV. difcovered, 561. Materialifm, correfpondence on that sub- ject with the Reviewers, 357. Materi ality of the foul maintained, 492. Mendelzoon, M. his argument in proof of the immateriality of the foul, 489. His reafoning in proof of the existence of a Deity, 503.
Merck, M. his comparison of the bones of cetaceous animals with thofe of qua- drupeds, 550.
Merlin, poetical portrait of, 74. Micrometer, the feveral kinds and im- provements of, 302.
Mobammedanifm, the religious code of, ex- plained, 17. Account of the Mofques, and public fervices of, 21.
Monaftic inftitutions, abfurdity and inhu- manity of, 510.
Poetical extracts in this volume, viz. from Airiano, 51. HOLE's Aribur, 73. BOWLES's Verses on the Philan- thropic Society, 91. COTTER'S Poems, 95. The British Album, 213. Ro. BERTS'S Deluge, 217. The Prifon, 219. PETER PINDAR'S EPISTLE TO BRUCE, ib. JANE SMITH' Selet Poems, 221. STIRLING'S Poems, 273. DEACON's Poems, 339. Pow's Refutions on Peace and the Sea- Jens, 340. Female Characters, &c. 343. Tetracymagogon Hypercriticum, 344. The Filt, a Poem, 345. HANDS's Death of Amnon, ib. WHYTE's Theatre, 398. ALVES'S Edinburgh, 474. Potatoes, culture of. See Wimpey. See Anderfon.
Pyramids of Egypt, faid to be Volcanic productions, 515.
Ramfen, Mr. invents a new inftrument for measuring horizontal angles, 303. His new circular inftrument for obvi- ating the imperfections of the mural quadrant. ib.
Razoumowski, Count de, his obfervations on the decompofition and recompofition of ftones, 545. On fome other fub- jects of natural history, 546. On the phofphorifm of foffil fubftances, 547. On the Glow-worm, 550. On the Goumoen tone, 551. His account of a polished cupreous rock, on Mount St. Bernard, ib. His analysis of mi- neral waters, 555
Revelation, of St. John, confidered as a tragedy, 148.
Revenue of the Crown of England, from William the Conqueror, to Geo. III. 3. Prefent ftate of, 8. Amount of the revenue drawn from Scotland, 11. Reynier, M. on the fructification of mofies, 55.
Richelieu, Cardinal, his great politicalTM talents, 61.
Richelieu, Duke de, bis remarkable birth, life, and character, 558. Ring, curious ftory of one, found in the belly of a fish, 389.
Rochaffen, M. his prize differtation on the immateriality of the foul, givea by the Teylerian Society, 487. Rundle, Bishop, his affecting account of the trial of lord Santry, for murder, 247. See alfo 479.
Salt, rock, advantage enjoyed by Ireland, of importing, duty free, 5. Duty on falt, in England, of pernicious confe- fequence, 6.
fprings, and rock falt, new theory of, 553.
ledative. See Strave. See Ex- chaquet.
Santry, lord, his trial, in the Irish Houfe of Peers, for murder, 247. Banished to England, where he dies, 479. Scott, Sir John, his excellent obfervations on the fources of matrimonial difcon- tents, and divorces, 468. Scotland, public ftatutes relative to, ab ridged, 428.
Sea, defcribed in a wonderful ftyle, 48. Sector, equatorial, invention and improve- men's of, 303.
Sexual fyftem of plants, controverfy re- lative to, 88.
Sheep, of Shetland, propofal for improv- ing the breed of, 199. Mr. Bakewell's amazing fuccefs in improving the breed of English fheep, 406. Shepherds of ancient Ethiopia, account of, 129.
Sheridan, Mifs, her excellent performance in private acting, 398. Smuggling, obfervations relative to, 267. Supe, effects of the duties on, confidered,
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