fences, corn, &c., &c., have been prostrated in many places, and vegetation generally has suffered more or less damage. Salt works have also suffered severely in this vicinity— and a considerable damage has been done about our wharves, by boats being stove-and the tides flowed to such an unu sual height, as to sweep them of almost every moveable ar ticle, besides overflowing our salt meadows, and carrying off hundreds of tons of hay." The Caledonia. By the packet brig Acadian, Capt. Jones, at this port yesterday from Halifax, N. S. we learn that the steamship Caledonia, Capt. McKellar, which left here on the 2d inst. arrived at that port at before 7 P. M. on the 7th inst. after a most awful and terrific passage of over 5 days, having sustained some damage to her paddle boxes, and the loss of her life-boat. She was obliged to lay to 52 hours. The 3d of ficer and carpenter had their legs broken, and nine seamen were badly injured. It was doubtful whether the 3d officer would survive his wounds. She had not left Halifax when the Acadian sailed, the night of the 8th inst. The Caledonia's arrival at Halifax was looked for with great anxiety, and when she was announced below, crowds of people covered the wharf to inquire into the cause of her delay. The Morning Herald of the 8th, says: "The passengers never expected to see Halifax, nor any other port. It proves, how ever, the superiority of the Cunard line over the New York or any other line, for no other vessel could have stood what this boat has experienced."-Boston Atlas. Extract of a letter from a passenger on board the Calcdonia, dated Halifax, Thursday evening, October 7, 1841: After a long and tedious passage, we arrived here at 7 o'clock this evening, having encountered a severe north-easterly storm, which still continues. On Sunday we shipped a heavy sea, which disabled nine of the men, among them the third mate and carpenter, breaking one of the legs of the former in two places, and the thigh of the latter; burst open the hatchway of the fore-cabin, deluging the saloon, and compelling the occupants to evacuate; the other cabins were also wet, although not so badly-but it will be impossible to have them dry and comfortable the rest of the voyage. One of the boats was carried away, and the life-boat nearly so; part of the bulwarks and covering of the paddle houses were also carried away, and on Monday night the tiller ropes were in the same condition, but their want was supplied in the course of an hour or two. The Late Gale. ST. JOSEPH, Sept. 21. Our equinoctial storm came off on the night of the 24th inst. The tide was higher here than ever before known, and a considerable portion of the old wharf, (the pens of which had been cut apart for the piles of the new wharf) was carried away. No other material damage was done. At Apalachicola the storm was of equal violence, unroofing several of the slate covered brick stores, and blowing down the market house and swamping all the small boats in the harbor. All of the wharves were more or less injured-some entirely destroyed. The two steamboats lying at Sand Island, were scuttled and thus saved from total destruction. The stcamer Chamois, on the ways about seven miles above the town, had her cabin blown off. At St. Andrews, the water was four feet higher than in any former gale, and the only craft in the harbor, the schooner Clementina, of Apalachicola, was blown high and dry opposite Porter's landing. The Chicago Wheat Market. The comparatively high price of wheat at Chicago during the past month caused large quantities of that article to be taken there from a great distance. We will give the adventure of a Knox county farmer. Mr. John Allen resides near Maquon, on Spoon river, about 35 miles back of Peoria. Early in September, loading his two wagons with 30 bushels of wheat each, one of which was driven by himself and the other by his son, he left for Chicago. They averaged 28 miles a day, and arrived about the middle of the month on a Saturday at noon.After examining the market, he sold at $1 10 per bushel, and on Monday collected a return load, with which he set out for home, which he reached again after an absence of 14 days. The return load consisted of 2 bbls. (a little over 11 bushels) Onondaga salt, for which he paid 50 cents per bus!.el: half barrel of white fish, $3 75; a set of double harness, $15; and a lot of window sash, 10 by 12, made by hand, 4 cents a light-(the machine sash could be had for 3 to 34.) He also brought a load of household goods for a family who had just landed at Chicago, bound for French Grove, in this county, within a half day's drive of Maquon, for which he received 75 cents per 100 lbs., making $16 50 for the load. His whole expenses on the road, going and returning, were $16. For meals he paid generally 25 cents, sometimes less; and for lodging 12. For his horses at hay at night 124 each when they were stabled, which was about twothirds of the time, they being "tied out" the other third.— For oats and corn on the road, 19 to 25 cents per bushel. The return load is worth at Maquon as follows; Salt, per bushel, $1 25, or $13 75 for two bbls,; 4 bbl. fish, $7 50; harness, $.6: (of the quantity of sash we omitted to inquire the price here is 10 cents per light.) how the account current stands: 60 bushels of wheat ct $1 10... Clear receipts for wheat..... Cost of 2 bbls, salt window sash, (say). These are worth hereSalt $13 75; fish 7 50 Sash 10; harness 26... Add loan of household goods. Add clear receipts for wheat..... We can now sce .$66 00 16 00 50 00 $ 5 60 3 75 4.00 15.00 $28 35 .$21 25 36 00-57 25 28 90 .16 50 45 40 .50 00 $95 40 Making $95 40. For the two loads of wheat, if sold here, he would have received $33, or $65 49 less. He might have made something, however, on a back load, say $15 40, so that he is the gainer by having gone to Chicago 50 dollars. If we suppose the time, over and above which it would have taken to come to Peoria, was worth 25 dollars, still there is a clear saving of just this sum, or 25 dollars. We do not offer this statement to induce other farmers now to follow Mr. A.'s example. Wheat has since fallen to 80 cents per bushel, and it is clear that should they fail of a good return load, they had much better sell here for 50 cents.-Peoria Register. Jersey City. There are in Jersey city 440 houses; vacant lots 943; householders 580; single men 206; total population 3,215. Value of real estate State and county tax $100,150; do for city $1,770 25; personal property $9,150. [Newark Daily Advertiser. Import Duties. The following circular from the Treasury Department, addressed to officers of the customs, contains information interesting to importers: TREASURY DEPARTMENT, First Comptroller's Office, October, 1841. Sir-Since the transmission of the circular of the 30th ultimo from this office, further inquiries in reference to the duties chargeable under the act of 11th September, 1841, "relating to duties and drawbacks," have induced the following views and opinions of this office : The first section declares, "That on all articles imported into the United States from and after the 30th day of September, 1841, there shall be levied, collected and paid on all articles which are now admitted free of duty, or which are chargeable with a duty of less than twenty per centum ad valorem, a duty of twenty pcr centum ad valorem, except, &c." Among the articles thus referred to, and now to pay a duty of twenty per cent. ad valorem are, worsted stuff goods (properly so called) and shawls, and other manufactures of silk and worsted, and manufactures of silk, or of which silk shall be the component material of chief value, coming from this side the Cape of Good Hope, except sewing silk; the foregoing articles and manufactures being declared free of duty by the act of 28 March, 1833, section fourth. All manufactures of silk, or of which silk shall be a component part, coming from beyond the Cape of Good Hope, except sewing silk, having been charged with a duty of ten per centum ad valorem by former laws. Laces; of thread or silk, and lace veils, lace shawls or shades of thread, or silk, paying under former laws a duty of twelve and a half per centum ad valorem, or being exempt from duty: Blankets costing less than seventy-five cents each, and paying under former laws five per cent. ad valorem. From the foregoing articles of manufacture, as now paying a duty of twenty per cent. will necessarily be distinguished articles of manufactures enumerated and paying higher rates of duty than twenty per cent., as ready made clothing, of whatever material composed, paying under former laws fifty per cent. ad valorem; millinery and hosiery, of whatever material composed, paying under former laws twenty-five per cent. ad valorem ; mits, gloves and bindings, of whatever material composed, paying under former laws twenty-five per cent. ad valorem: Coach laces, of whatever material composed, paying under former laws thirty-five per cent. ad valorem. There will be paid under the recent law the following rates of duty on the manufactures mentioned, viz: on' manufactures of worsted or combed wool, as shawls, table covers, and similar articles, twenty per centum ad valorem ; on manufactures of worsted and cotton, twenty-five per centum ad valorem; on manufactures of silk and cotton, or worsted, Sept. 30th. Total value of exports for 1841 $9,343,089 50 silk and cotton, silk being the material of chief value, twen For year ending 30th Sept. 1840, the esti mated value of foreign and coastwise exports Excess in 1841 8,068,895 50 $1,274,194 00 N. B. Under the class of tierces Tobacco strips in half hhds, and manufacturel Tobacco for foreign shipment are embraced. BAGWELL, SMITH & JONES. Richmond, October 18, 1841. New Channel in the Delaware. Commander Thomas R. Gedney, it is stated, has recently discovered a new channel into the Delaware Bay. This channel runs in a W. S. W. direction from Cape May, is about a quarter of a mile wide, has 17 feet at low water, and saves the circuitous course around the overfalls of vessels bound into the Delaware from the northward, ty-five per centum ad valorem; on manufactures composed of worsted, and hemp or flax, decided by the courts under former laws in the case of sealiots, composed of worsted and linen, to be an unenumerated article, twenty per centum ad valorem. Sale of Real Estate in Boston. That valuable tract of land at the corner of Tremont and Boylston streets, known as the Head esta'e, was sold at auction on Friday, and the prices were as follows: On Tremont street: Lot No. 1, $3 55 per foot; No. 2, $2 90; No. 3, $2 65; No. 4, $2 90; No. 5, $ 65. On Boylston street: Lot No. 6, $1 92); No. 7, $1 92 No. 8, $1 72; No. 9. $1 75. Back Land: No. 10, $1 60; No. 11, $1 75; No. 12, $1 80.-Atlas. Statistical view of the commerce of the United States, exhibiting the value of imports from, and exports to, each foreign country; also the tonnage of American and foreign vessels arriving from, and departing to, each foreign country, during the year ending on the 30th of September, 1840. Total...... 1,525 North-west coast of America. .... 1,260 107,141,519 113,895,634 18,190,312 132,085,946 1,576,946 1,647,009 712,363 706,486 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, May 31, 1841. T. L. SMITH, Register 878 4,096 308 100 147 175 90 Schools in Maine. From the published returns for 1840 of Common Schools in Maine, prepared by the Secretary of State (to whom we are indebted for a copy) the following statement is derived. Population of the 13 counties per census in 1830 6w. The Salem Tunnel. There is seldom seen on any of the many excellent railroads with which this country is favored, a more interesting section than that which passes through or under the city of Salem in Massachusetts. This tunnel extends about 150 yards, passing under, and parallel to the centre of Court street, which is one of the broadest and handsomest streets 399,462 in the city. The tunnel is ventilated and lighted by three 473,280 conical apertures-which appear in the middle of the street, and six or eight rods apart-each of which is surrounded by 501,796 an elegant iron fence, of which four of the posts extend about ten feet high, and bending inward, unite in the sup 198,173 port of a large street lamp and lantern. These conical fab 189,991 rics of ornamental iron work serve as ornaments to the street, while they protect these vertical windows of the railroad. 3,477 A traveller whose motive is curiosity, will seldom behold a more interesting sight than that of the subterranean passage 95,044 of a train of long, splendid cars, as seen by him while stand84,014 ing in the middle of a popular street, leaning on the railing, and looking down into one of these well finished shafts, as one looks into a common well. In a stranger, who should not be acquainted with the circumstances, this phenomenon, followed as it usually is by the ascent of a volume of smoke, would be very likely to produce a considerable degree of astonishment, if not of consternation.-N. Y. Mechanic. 18 16 48 5d. 4d. Cranberries. In many parts of the Commonwealth, cranberries are 43 quite an object with the farmer. A vast many are gathered in the northern towns of Middlesex, but we know of no lands which produce more than some of the meadows in Sherburne. Mr. Albert Ware has extensive fields of them, and it is believed he has gathered upwards of two hundred bushels from a single acre. Such land is now valued higher $200,718 40 than any which is used for farming purposes; and when it is considered that the cranberry, under proper flooding. produces its fruit without interruption for a succession of years, and that fifty bushels are sometimes gathered by one man in a single day, we may conceive of the high value set upon such meadows.-Mass. Ploughman. 44,570 20 Amount actually raised from all sources and expended as shown by the returns of 1841, viz: Taxes on polls and estates 179,808 71 The Hendrik Hudson. The new packet ship Hendrik Hudson, Capt Morgan, arrived yesterday from Portsmouth in twenty-three days, bringing eighty cabin passengers-a much larger number than any packet ship ever brought over before. Two months and twenty-six days ago yesterday, she was on the stocks in Westervelt & Mackay's yard at the Hook, and in this time she has twice crossed the Atlantic, with full cargoes and full of passengers. A lady who went out in the Hendrik Hudson, has been absent nine weeks and four days, and passsd four weeks in England with her friends. This is crowding hard upon the steamships. While in London dock, the ship was visited by thousands of persons, among them a large number of the nobility, and officers of the Navy. She was greatly admired by all.-N. Y. Express. Mortality among the Shell-fish. The Newbern, N. C. Spectator says:- We have been in4,140 formed that dame nature has performed a most singular freak among the testaceous tribe, in the county of Cabarres. The scallops, oysters and clams have taken the scarlet fever, and all are found upon being opened to contain a quan. tity of blood, and bloody gelatinous matter. This is a sin gular fact in the natural history of these marine productions, and deserves investigation. 26 cents. The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, Ia., have advertised a large number of parcels of real estate, for sale on the 11th December 1841, in Indianapolis. This real estate was mortgaged to the State, to pay the interest on the Sinking Fund of the Indiana debt. The real estate is located in different parts of the State, and the total amount due is large. The land will be sold for the amount of the mortgage debt, and some of it is to be on long credit. VOL. V.-34 Our informant states that a similar affection seized them just before the last war. Registry. We understand the whole number of names registered in this city is less than thirty thousand. In the 8th ward the number is 2,987, and in the 7th about 2,700—at least 2,400 short of their full vote.-N. Y. Express. MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR POLK OF TENNESSEE. Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives : In discharging the duty devolved upon me by the Constitution, by giving to the General Assembly information of the state of the government-and recommending to their consideration such "measures" as are deemed to be "expedient "it is a source of satisfaction to believe-that within the last two years nothing has occurred in the State administration to diminish or to impair the prosperity of our people, or the growing importance of the State as a member of the Union. Order has prevailed, and the laws as far as I am informed, have been faithfully executed. All the elements of our accustomed prosperity, afforded by a genial climate and a fertile soil-the enjoyment of usual health and the inestimable blessings of civil and religious liberty, continue to exist. A people thus favored over millions of the human race in other parts of the world, should be ever mindful of the high obligations they owe to the author of all good, in whose hands are the destinies of nations and of men, and upon hose wise councils they are dependent for the preservation and continuance of those blessings. Whilst the products of the labor of the agriculturist have been rewarded with fair prices, habits of frugality and economy within the last two years, have been in a great degree substituted for that spirit of extravagance and speculation, which had for some years prevailed in every portion of the Union. Prudent men, with few exceptions, chiefly among the mercantile and trading classes who had extended their business and speculations beyond their means, and became too deeply involved entirely to recover, have been enabled to relieve themselves from much of the pecuniary pressure and embarrassment under which they labored. Ours is essentially an agricultural State. Nineteen-twentieths of our population are cultivators of the earth, and the protection of their interests therefore, at the same time that the just rights of others shall not be impaired, should at all times be an object of paramount consideration. Banks-Resumption. It has but too frequently happened that the course of legislation and the operations of banks in many of the States, have been made to take a direction to favor the supposed or real interests of large dealers and speculators to the manifest prejudice of the farming and planting classes. What the farmer or planter should most desire is, a regular course of policy, steadily pursued, by which prices may remain settled and not be subjected to great and sudden changes, often brought about by extended bank credits to a small class, who have overtraded or engaged in visionary or disastrous speculation. Other causes, which contributed to the embarrassment of our banks, in common with most of the banks of other States upon the occurrence of the general commercial revulsion which took place in May, 1837. were so fully presented in my message to the last General Assembly, that it is deemed unnecessary again to refer to them in this communication. Resumption. It was hoped and believed, when the banks of the State suspended the payment of specie a second time, near two years ago, that it would be of temporary duration. In the reports made to the General Assembly at its last session by the Boards of Directors of the Union and Planters' Banks, assurances were given that they were fully solvent, that they would be prepared to meet all their liabilities at an early day, and that they considered "their suspension as temporary." The General Assembly having adjourned without any legislative action on the subject, I regret to say that all the banks of the State, except the Branch of the South-Western Railroad Bank at Knoxville, still continue in a suspended state. If the question of resumption be left to the voluntary action of the banks, this state of things may continue for an indefinite period of time. And the question arises whether the duty does not devolve on the General Assembly, as the immediate guardians of the interests of the people, to adopt suitable measures at their present session, requiring those institutions to return to cash payments. Whilst the suspension continues, the tax upon the active industry and labor of the State, imposed by the depreciation of their paper issues, must continue to be borne, and whilst the people are suffering the loss to the amount of this depreciation, as they have done for the last two years, it is understood that two of our principal stock banks (the Union and Planters' Banks) have since your last adjournment declared a dividend of profits among their stockholders. This is so manifestly improper, that I am constrained by a sense of duty to bring the fact to your notice. Principles of common justice require that they should pay their debts to the cominunity before they divide profits among their owners. During periods of suspension, banks, owned by individual stockholders, tempted by a desire to enlarge their profits, often unduly extend their business, and generally at the expense of the community in which they exist. There is no sound principle of ethics, or of public policy which should exempt banks from the moral and legal obligations which rest upon individuals to pay their debts. They are generally composed of wealthy capitalists, who have thrown their joint funds together, and under a legislative charter of incorporation, engaged in the business of banking with a view to make profit. They are usually invested with exclusive rights and privileges which are withheld from the balance of the community; and in consideration of these, they contract certain duties and obligations to the public, which they should be required strictly to perform. The most important of these is to pay their liabilities in specie on demand--and I recommend to the consideration of the General Assembly, the neces ity of making suitable proThere is reason to believe that it was by a course of fa- vision by law to enforce the faithful observance of this, as voritism of this kind, in extending enormous loans to a few well as of all other obligations which they have contracted. large commission and trading houses, to the almost total ex- Let a future day be fixed, upon which they shall be required clusion of smaller dealers, and the body of the community, to resume, giving them reasonable and sufficient time to prethat much of the embarrassments which fell upon our bankspare to do so, without oppressing their debtors. In fixing a a few years ago, and through them upon the people, is mainly to be attributed. The suspended debts of our banks, it is believed, will be found to consist chiefly, in demands against a very few of the larger borrowers, with some of whom it is known they have been compelled, for their own security, to compound by the purchase of real estate and other property, which has become for a time dead in their hands, and is alike unavailable to themselves as banking institutions, and to the community as affording to them the means of furnishing to the people a sound convertible currency. It is understood that our banks are now rapidly converting these and other unavailable, into available means, thus placing themselves in a position of increased strength, and it is hoped they may, for the future, profit by the experience of the past. future day for resumption, the occasion may be a fit one to impose such additional restrictions, liabilities and penalties, as experience may have shown to be necessary, to guard the public against future suspensions. If the banks have violated their charters, the General Assembly possess the undoubted power to impose such restrictions, liabilities, and penalties, as conditions upon which they may be permitted to continue the exercise of their corporate privileges. To ensure resumption on the day which may be fixed, and a faithful observance of their obligations afterwards, it must be made the interest as well as the duty of the banks, to conform to the legislative requirements by keeping their business in such a condition as to avoid future suspensions. As means likely to effect objects so desirable, I submit to the General Assembly, that they should not be permitted, |