There Oglethorpe and his colony were very kindly treated, and furnished with all possible aid. Many of the Carolinians sent them provisions, and hogs, and cattle, to begin their stock. The Assembly voted to furnish them one hundred and four head of breeding cattle, twenty-five hogs, and twenty barrels of rice. Some scout boats were also ordered, with a body of rangers, to protect the new adventurers from the savages in Georgia, while they should be preparing houses, or exploring the Georgian coast.

Oglethorpe now set sail again from Charleston, and landed, in a few days, near Yamacraw bluff. Here he tarried to examine the country; and, being pleased with the high spot of ground just named, situated on a large navigable river, he fixed on it for his new settlement. He marked out a town on the hill, and, from the Indian name of the river which ran past it, called it Savannah.

The company for the settlement of Georgia was incorporated by George II. for exporting to this part of America, free of expense, families laboring under the hardships of poverty. The design was laudable, but the execution of the project was not well managed. Impolitic restrictions laid upon the colonists, produced a languor from which their affairs never recovered while they continued to be proprietary. In 1752, the charter was surrendered to the King, and the government modelled according to that of the other colonies.

* Virginia, and North and South Carolina, engaged at an early period in the war of the Revolution; Georgia did not join the confederation till the year 1775.

Virginia was originally much more extensive than it is at present. It included what now constitutes the State of Kentucky; this became a separate district in 1786, and in 1792 was admitted as one of the United States.

Tennessee was a part of the two Carolinas until 1729; these colonies then being divided into North and South Carolina, Tennessee was attached to the former; in 1789, i was ceded to the United States, and in 1796 became an independent State

SETTLEMENT OF THE NORTHERN STATES.

QUEEN MARY the Catholic ascended the throne of England in 1553, and in less than six years, two hundred and seventy persons were burned, and more than twelve thousand Protestant or Puritan clergymen were driven from their pulpits. The persecuted religion, however, still found thousands to profess it; for there never was a creed or faith which has not flourished from being trampled on. A congregation of two hundred persons were in the habit of holding their meetings in the very heart of London. These assemblies were held in secret, and under the cover of night. No secresy, however, could elude the vigilance of the Catholics, and the meeting was discovered. The house in which it was held, overhung the Thames, and it was watched only on the land side. This circumstance saved the congregation. A seaman belonging to it discovered the danger, leaped into the river, and procured

a boat, in which the Puritans were in a few hours conveyed to a place of safety.

When the spirited and absolute Elizabeth succeeded to the crown, she persecuted vast numbers for refusing to conform to the ceremonies of the English church. In 1602, a large company of those who refused to obey these rites, determined to leave England, for the Netherlands. They assembled, for this purpose, at a place near Boston, the capital of Lincolnshire, and a seaport. Their intended enterprize was discovered, and prevented by the interposition of public authority. In the following

year, a number of them resolved upon a second trial, and agreed with a Dutch captain to carry them to Holland. After various accidents, they reached the place of their destination, and after remaining a year at Am sterdam, they removed to Leyden. Here they remained twelve years, when they procured a patent for land of the Virginia company in England, and on the 5th of August, 1620, set sail for the New World. They intended to settle at the mouth of the river Hudson, but as was supposed, through the connivance of the captain, they were carried much further north, and on the 11th of November, anchored in the harbor of Cape Cod. The very day they landed, an armed party was sent to make discoveries. They returned at night, having found nothing but water, woods, and sand hills. The next day was the Sabbath, and they all rested. On Monday, the men went on shore to refresh themselves; the women to wash, attended by a guard; and the carpenter began to repair the shallop for the purpose of coasting. On Wednesday, Captain Miles Standish took a party of sixteen men, well armed, and went to make further discoveries. About a mile from the sea, they saw five Indians who fled. They pursued them ten miles; but, night coming on, they stationed sentinels, kindled a fire, and rested quietly around it.

On Wednesday, the 6th of December, the pilgrims sent out a fourth expedition. The ground was now covered with snow; and the cold wind froze the salt water on the clothes of the men, like coats of mail. Having landed, they made a fire, and slept in the woods the first night. The next day, they discovered an Indian burying-yard, surrounded by palisadoes. Many of the graves were staked around with a circle of wood. At five in the morning of the next day, there was a cry of "Indians! Indians!" by the guard they had set, and a shower of arrows fell

in among them, followed by horrible yells. But the noise of the English guns was still more terrible to the savages. They thought the report a sort of thunder and lightning, and fled in great fear. Their ar

rows were kept, by the white men, as curiosities. They were pointed with deers' horn and eagles' claws.

On the 22d of December, the whole party of the pilgrims landed at the place afterwards called Plymouth, and having determined to plant a settlement there, began to cut timber for building. The rock on which they first stepped in landing, still exists, and strangers from all quarters visit it, as they pass through the town. When they left England, the whole number of the emigrants was one hundred and one. When the spring came, forty-six were dead. All these had died from the various hardships to which they had been exposed. But by the 3d of March, those who remained rejoiced to find that the winter was past. There were now warm showers he spring having set in earlier than usual. The settlers had laid out the town into streets and lots, and erected buildings of considerable size. They deposited their provisions and ammunition in a storehouse, with a thatched roof. Though this was constantly guarded, the roof took fire during the winter; but the lower part of the building, with its contents, was saved. They could scarcely have preserved life, had their stores been consumed.

The English soon formed an acquaintance with Massassoit, a powerful Indian chieftain, and entered into a treaty of peace, which was preserved by him and his successors for fifty years. Through his influence, nine of the petty sachems, or Indian chiefs, in his neighborhood, who had been jealous of the English, came to Plymouth, and subscribed a treaty of submission to the King of England. Others, from the island Capawoc, since called Martha's Vineyard, sent messengers for the same purpose.

In September, 1621, a shallop, with ten men, was sent to explore Massachusetts Bay, in which they found numerous fertile and beautiful

islands, mostly cleared of wood. The Indians seemed to lead a very happy life here, and it was a subject of regret to the settlers, at Plymouth.

that this vicinity had not been selected for the site of the new col

ony.

In November, 1621, a ship, with thirty-five passengers, arrived from England. Unfortunately she was out of provisions, and the colonists were obliged to victual her home. They were without bread in consequence, for two months of the winter.

The summer of 1622 being dry, the harvest was scanty, and the colonists were compelled to procure a supply from the Indians. Governor Bradford travelled among the tribes for this purpose, and obtained twenty-eight hogsheads of corn, which he paid for in knives, blankets, beads,

and other things of that kind. Squanto, a friendly Indian, who guided him upon this route, fell sick and died. He asked the Governor, on his death-bed, to pray for him, "that he might go to the Englishman's heaven." This Indian was of great service to the colony, but was a fellow of great cunning and deceit. He sometimes sent word to a tribe, secretly, that the English were coming to kill them, assuring them, at the same time, that he could obtain peace for them, and he only. The tribe would send him presents, accordingly, to procure peace, when, in fact, no war had been thought of. They considered him a very great man, supposing that he prevented the war. He now and then frightened them by telling rather large stories about the English gunpowder. He told them, also, that the colonists kept the plague barrelled up in a cellar under the Plymouth meeting-house, ready to send among the Indian tribes, whenever they wished to destroy them. It is probable that these dishonest accounts had some effect in keeping the Indians peaceable.

The aborigines of this part of the continent lived together in tribes of a few hundreds, and sometimes a few thousands, procuring their subsist ence chiefly by hunting and fishing. Flesh and fish they roasted on a stick or broiled on the fire. Sometimes they boiled their meat and corn by put ting hot stones into water; but the latter was usually parched. Thev