An Introduction to the Critical Study of the Holy Scriptures

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INTRODUCTION

TO THE

CRITICAL STUDY AND KNOWLEDGE

OF THE

HOLY SCRIPTURES.

THOMAS HARTWELL HORNE, B.D.

OF SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE;

RECTOR OF THE UNITED PARISHES OF SAINT EDMUND THE KING AND MARTYR AND SAINT NICHOLAS ACONS,
LOMBARD STREET; PREBENDARY OF SAINT PAUL'S.

NEW EDITION,

FROM THE SEVENTH LONDON EDITION, CORRECTED AND ENLARGED.

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS MAPS AND FAC-SIMILES OF BIBLICAL MANUSCRIPTS.

VOLUME II.

Philadelphia:

PUBLISHED BY DESILVER, THOMAS & CO., 253 MARKET-ST.

STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON.

45, 46

46
46, 47

ib
47, 48

POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS.

Chapter I. Different forms of Government, and

13, 14

Political State of the Hebrews, or Jews, from the

Patriarchal T'imes to the Babylonian Captivity.

I. Patriarchal Government .

16,17

11. Government

under Moses, –a Theocracy ; iis Na-

ture and Design

ib.

1. Heads, or Princes of Tribes and Families

17, 18

2. Jethronian Prefects, or Judges appointed by

Moses

18, 19

3. The Senate, or Council of Seventy Assessors

4. Scribes

19, 20 II. Government of the Judges

IV. Regal Government instituted

1. Functions and Privileges of the Kings

2. Inauguration of the Kings

ib.

3. Chief Distinctions of Majesty

21, 22

4. Scriptural Allusions to the Couris of Sove

reigns and Princes explained

22 V. Revenues of the Kings of Israel

ib. VI. Magistrates under the Monarchy

VII. Officers of the Palace

ib. VIII. The Royal Harem.

IX. Promulgation of Laws

X. The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel founded

Schism between the Twelve Tribes; its latent

Causes

XI. Reasons why the Kingdom of Judah subsisted

longer than that of Israel

XII. State of the Hebrews during the Babylonish Cap-

tivity

ib.

23, 24 CHAPTER II. Political State of the Jews, from their

24 Return from the Babylonish Captivity to the Sub-

ib. version of their Civil and Ecclesiastical Polity.

ib.

24, 25 Section I. Political State of the Jews under the Mac-

cabees, and the Sovereigns of the Herodian Family.

25-29

29-31 I. Brief Account of the Maccabees

31, 32 II. Sorereigns of the Herodian Family :-

1. Herod the Great-St. Matthew's Narrative

of his Murder of the Infants at Bethlehem

7. Bernice and Drusilla

SECTION II. Political State of the Jews under the

35-37 Roman Procurators, to the Subversion of their

37 Civil and Ecclesiastical Polity.

ib.

I. Powers and Functions of the Roman Procurators .

37, 38

II. Political and Civil State of the Jews under their

Administration

III. Account of Pontius Pilate

ib.

IV. And of the Procurators, Felix, Festus, and Gessius

(RECAP)

2936

I. Days

CHAPTER III. Courts of Judicature, Legal Proceed-

ings, and Criminal Law of the Jews.

Section I. Jewish Courts of Judicature and Legal

Proceedings.

I. Seat of Justice

II. Inferior Tribunals

III. Appeals.-Constitution of the Sanhedrin or Great

IV. Time of Trials. - Form of Legal Proceedings

among the Jews

1. Citation of the Parties

2, 3. Form of Pleading in Civil and Criminal

Cases

4. Witnesses.-Oaths

5. The Lot, in what Cases used judicially

6. Forms of Acquittal

7. Summary Justice sometimes clamorously de-

manded

V. Executions of Sentences, by whom and in what

54 CHAPTER IV. On the Jewish and Roman Modes of

ib.

computing Time, mentioned in the Scriptures,

54, 55

. Hours.—Watches of the Nighi

III. Weeks

ib.

IV. Months

V. Year, Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Natural

Jewish Calendar

ib.

VI. Parts of Time taken for ihe Whole

ib.

VII. Remarkable Æras of the Jews

ib.

56, 57 CHAPTER V. On the Tributes and Taxes mentioned

in the Scriptures.

I. Annual Payments made by the Jews for the Sup-

port of their Sacred Worship

II. Tributes paid to their own Sovereigns

III. Tributes and Customs paid by them to Foreign

Powers.-Notice of the Money-changers

IV. Account of the Publicans or Tax-gatherers

57, 58

CHAPTER VI. On the Genealogical Tables of the He-

58, 59

brews, and Public Memorials of Events.

I. On the Genealogical Tables of the Hebrews

II. Public Meinorials of Events

ib.

Section II. Of the Roman Judicature, Manner of

Trial, Treatment of Prisoners, and other Tribu-

nals mentioned in the New Testament.

ib.

78, 79

I. Judicial Proceedings of the Romans

II. Privileges and Treatment of Roman Citizens when

Prisoners

III. Appeals to the Imperial Tribunal

IV. The Roman Method of fettering and confining

Prisoners

V. The Roman Tribunals

VI. Other Tribunals mentioned in the New Testa-

ment:

1. The Areopagus at Athens

2. The Assembly at Ephesus

59, 60

79, 80

SECTION III. On the Criminal Law of the Jews.

80, 81

ib.

81, 82

VI. CRIMES AGAINST God :-

1. Idolatry

2. Blasphemy

3. Falsely prophesying

4. Divination

5. Perjury

II. CRIMES AGAINST PARENTS AND MAGISTRATES

III CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY :-

1. Theft

2. Manstealing

3. The Crime of denying any Thing taken in

trust or found

4. Regulations concerning Debiors :

IV. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON :-

1. Murder

2. Homicide

3. Corporeal Injuries .

4. Crimes of Lust

V. CRIMES OF MALICE

ib,
83

CHAPTER VII. On the Treaties or Covenants, Con-

60, 61

tracts, and Oaths of the Jews.

I. Whether the Jews were prohibited from conclud.

ing Treaties with Heathen Nations

II. Treaties, how made and ratified

Covenant of Salt

III. Contracts for the Sale and Cession of alionable

Property, how made

IV. Of Oaths

ib.

ib. Chapter VIII. Laws respecting Strangers, Aged,

ib.

Blind, Deaf, and Poor Persons.

I. Of Strangers

63 II

. Of the Aged, Blind, and Deaf

III. Of the Poor

ib.

Chapter IX. Of the Military Affairs of the Jews,

63 and other Nations mentioned in the Scriptures.

ib.

63, 64

Section I. On the Military Discipline of the Jews.

ib.

I. The earliest Wars, predatory Excursions

II. Character of the Wars of the Israelites

Their Levies, how raised

Mosaic Statutes concerning the Israelitish Soldiers

III. Divisions and Officers of the Jewish Army

IV. Encampments

64 V. Military Schools and Training

VI. Defensive Arms

64, 65

VII. Offensive Arms

65, 66 VIII. Fortifications

65 IX. Mode of declaring War

ib.

X. Military Tactics.--Order of Battle

Treatment of the Slain, of captured Cities, and of

65, 66

Captives

XI. Triumphant Reception of the Conquerors

89, 90

SECTION IV. On the Punishments mentioned in the

Scriptures.

Design of Punishments.--Classification of Jewish

3. Restitution.-Pecuniary Fines
4. Offerings in the Nature of Punishment
5. Imprisonment.-Oriental Mode of treating

Prisoners

6. Banishment

7. Depriving them of Sight

8. Cuiting or plucking off the Hair

9. Excommunication

II. CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS:

1. Slaying with the Sword

7. Bruising in a Moriar

8. Dichotomy, or Cutting asunder

9. Τυμπανισμoς, or Beating to Death

10. Exposing to Wild Beasts

XII. Distribution of the Spoil ,

ib. Military Honours conferred on eminent Warriors.

ib.

A Military Order established by David

XIII. Trophies

ib.

ib. Section II. Allusions in the New Testament to the

68 Military Discipline and Triumphs of the Romans.

ib.

ib. SI. Divisions of the Roman Army, and Roman Mili-

ib.

tary Officers, mentioned in ihe New Testament

ib.

II. Allusions to the Armour of the Romans

ib III. Allusions to their Military Discipline.—Strict Sub-

ib.

ordination.-Rewards of the Soldiers who dis-

ib.

tinguished themselves .

69 IV. Allusions to the Roman Triumphs

93, 94

94, 95

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