THE BRITISH CRITIC, For JULY, 180g. Antequam arma inciperent, mifêre legatos amicitiam memoraturos et manfura hæc, fi nullo novo onere tentarentur: fin, ut victis, servi tium indiceretur, effe fibi ferrum, et juventutem, et promptum libertati aut ad mortem animum. TACITUS. Before they took up arms, they fent ambaffadors, reminding them of their alliance of friendship, to which they would adhere if annoyed by no new oppreffion; but, if they were threatened with fervitude as a conquered people, they had arms and a band of youth who had nothing to choose between liberty and death. ART. I. Willis' Survey of St. Afaph, confiderably enlarged, and brought down to the prefent Time; with the Addition of the Names of Canons and Vicars Choral of the Cathedral, and the Incumbents of the different Parishes in the Diocefe, from the earliest Dates, with Memoirs of fome of them; also a Second Appendix, containing an Hiftorical Account of the different Archbishoprics, Bishoprics, Religious Houses, Colleges, Dignities, London Churches, &c. referred to in the Body of the Work. With the Life of the Author prefixed. In Two Volumes. By Edward Edwards, A. M. Vicar of Llanarmon, in Yale, and Curate of Wrexham, in the Diocefe of St. Afaph. 8vo. 18s. Painter, Wrexham; Baynes, London. 1801. THIS new edition of a rare and valuable work contains fo much additional and important matter on the fubject it profeffes to difcufs, that we willingly affign it a place of particular diftinction. The new information which is to be found in thefe volumes comprehends a Letter from the author to Dr. Lifle, A BRIT, CRIT, VOL. XXII. JULY, 1803. Bishop Bishop of St. Asaph; a detailed Life of Browne Willis; a continuation of the Bifhops, from No. 55 to the late Dr. Bagot; an account of the Deans, from Dean Stanley to Dean Shipley, fon of Bifhop Shipley; the feries of Prebendaries, from 1204 to the prefent period; a lift of the Canons, Vicars Choral, Chancellors, names of the Incumbents of the feveral Parishes of the Diocefe, with a very long fecond Appendix, of more than one hundred pages, containing a large quantity of very interefting matter concerning the Archbishoprics, Bishoprics, Religious Houfes, &c. &c. referred to in the body of the work. Of the celebrated antiquary Browne Willis our information is very fcanty, and confined principally to what appears in the anecdotes of Bowyer, and the more fatisfactory account read to the Society of Antiquaries in 1760, by Dr. Ducarel. From this we give a fhort extract. "After an induftrious and well (pent life, this ufeful gentleman died at Whaddon Hall, February 5, 1760. He expired with great ease, and without the ufual agonies of death, and was buried the eleventh of that month in Fenny Stratford Chapel, and lies under a white marble ftone enchafed with black, the inscription on which was left by himself. He left particular directions, as to his funeral, and defired that no perfon might be invited to it, except the mayor and aldermen of Buckingham, to each of whom he left his first volume of "NOTITIA PARLIAMENTARIA," and a small legacy befides. Mr. Cole*, Rector of Bletchley, Mr. Francis, Minifter of Fenny Stratford, and Mr. John Gibberd, Curate of Whaddon, attended in a mourning coach, and near fixty of his neighbours and tenants on horseback. The infcription which he left was the following. Hic fitus eft BROWNE WILLIS, Antiquarius, Cujus Avi clmi: æternæ Memoriæ, Thomæ Willis, Archiatri totius Europæ celeberrimi Hæc Capella exiguum Monumentum eft. Etatis fuæ 78. O Chrifte, Soter & Judex, His character was handfomely reprefented, with a juft regard to a decent impartiality, in the eloge read before the Society of Antiquaries, in thefe terms.-As to his character; this learned Society, of which he was one of the first revivers, and one of the most induftrious members, can bear me witnefs, that he was indefatigable in his refearches: for his works were of the most laborious kind. But what * Many particulars relating to Mr. B. Willis are contained in the papers of Mr. Cole, now in the British Mufcum. Rev. 3 enabled enabled him, befides his unwearied diligence, to bring them to perfection, was his being blessed with a molt excellent memory. He had laid fo good a foundation of learning, that though he had chiefly converfed with records, and other matters of antiquity, which are not apt to form a polite ftyle; yet he expreffed himself, in all his compofitions, in an eafy and genteel manner. He was, indeed, one of the first who placed our ecclefiaftical hiftory and antiquities upon a firm bafis, by grounding them upon records and regiflers: which in the main are unexceptionable authorities. "During the courfe of his long life, he had vifited every cathedral in England and Wales, except Carlifle: which journey he used to call his pilgrimage. In his friendships, none more fincere and hearty, always communicative, and ever ready to affift every ftudious and inquifitive perfon. This occafioned an acquaintance and connection between him and all his learned contemporaries. For his mother, the University of Oxford, he always expressed the most awful respect and the warmest efteem. "As to his piety and moral qualifications; he was ftrictly religious, without any mixture of fuperftition or enthufiafm, and quite exemplary in this refpect. And of this, his many public works in building, repairing, and beautifying of churches, are fo many standing evidences. He was charitable to the poor and needy; juft and upright towards all men. With regard to himself, he was remarkably fober and temperate; and often faid, that he denied himself many things that he might employ them better. And indeed he appeared to have had no greater value for money, than as it furnished him with opportunities of doing good." "He was fucceeded in the family eftate by his eldest grandfon, who became his heir upon the death of his fon, Thomas Willis, which happened before his own. "This gentleman was born in 1710, married, September 3, 1735, Anne, daughter of John Hulme, Efq. of the parish of Eccles in Lancashire, and by her had his eldeft fon Thomas, born February 11, 1738, to whom his grandfather, having appointed him his fole executor, left all his pictures and books, &c. except " Rymer's Fadera," in feventeen folio volumes, which he bequeathed to Trinity College, Oxford, and the choice of one book to the Rev. Francis Wife, who, upon the completion and establishment of the Radclivian Library, in that noble feat of learning, was appointed first librarian." P. 7. The fhort biographical account of Bishop Hallifax may serve to fhow the manner in which the Supplement to this part of the work has been conducted. "Samuel Hallifax, LL. D. and D. D. was born at Mansfield, Derby fhire, eldeft fon of Mr. Samuel Hallifax, by Hannah, daughter of Mr. Jebb, of Mansfield, by which means he was first cousin of Sir Richard and Dr. J. Jebb. He was admitted at Jefus College, Canbridge, at a very early age, where he proceeded A. B. in 1744, and A. M. in 1747, he removed to Trinity Hall (where are only two Fellowships in Divinity) and proceeded LL. D. in 1764. He was many years Arabic Profeffor at Cambridge, which he refigned in A 2 1770, 1770, and was then made Regius Profeffor of Civil Law at Cambridge, and in 1775 was created D. D. by mandate. In the fervice of his Profefforfhip, he acquired fome eminence by a work intituled "An Analysis of the Civil Law." He was Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majefty: Mafter of the Faculties in Doctors' Commons, worth .400 a year, in which he fucceeded the late Dr. Topham. The late Mrs. Galley, relict of Dr. Galley, Prebendary of Gloucester, and mother of J. Galley Knight, Efq. M. P. and Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, rewarded his eminent fervices in the caufe of religion with an unfolicited presentation to the valuable rectory of Worfop, Nottinghamshire. He was mafter of Jefus College, Cambridge, which he refigned upon being advanced to the See of Gloucefter on the tranflation of the Honourable Bishop Yorke to Ely in 1781, and from thence he was tranflated to St. Afaph upon the death of Bishop Shipley in 1787. He was F. S. A. His Lordship published fourteen fingle Sermons, a volume upon the Prophecies concerning the Chriftian Church, and in particular concerning the Church of Rome, in Lincoln's Inn Chapel at the Lecture of the late Bishop Warburton of Gloucester, An Analysis of the Roman Civil Law, in which a Comparison is occafionally made between the Roman Laws and those of England, being the heads of a Courfe of Lectures publickly and with great celebrity read by him in the University of Cambridge in 1774. He was a prelate of great knowledge, and of great ability, an incomparable civilian, and an extremely acute public speaker. "His Sermons at Bishop Warburton's Lecture are much esteemed, his Analysis of Bishop Butler's Analogy (a book entirely abftruse and metaphyfical) annexed to the Charge he published of that Bishop to his clergy, is written with great elegance of ftyle, as well as with much profundity of thinking. He was alfo editor of Ogden's Sermons, to which, and the Analogy, he prefixed vindicatory and unanfwered Prefaces. 66 Bishop Hallifax was the firft English Bishop that was tranflated to St. Afaph, and the fecond that was tranflated to a Bishopric in North Wales: Bishop Cecil was the firft who was tranflated from Bristol to Bangor in 1734." P. 162. The second Appendix, which, as has been obferved, is of confiderable intereft and extent, fufficiently juftifies the attention we have paid to this publication. It is illuftrative of the various fubjects alluded to and difcuffed with more or less detail in the body of the work. The following account of the Bishopric of Durham contains much new information. "BISHOPRIC OF DURHAM. "Upon the Archbishopric of York being vacant, by the absence of Paulinus, Ofwald, newly invefted in the kingdom of NorthHumberland, procured one Aidanus, in 635, to come out of Scotland to inftruct the people. He feated himself in Lindisferne, or Holy Ifland, in the fea coaft of North-Humberland, and governed as Bishop, all the northern parts of it, which had been formerly under the jurif diction diction of Paulinus feventeen years. After him fucceeded Finanus, Colman and Tuda, who dying of the plague in 665, the See of Lindisferne was vacant, till 678, when Cedda and Wilfrid, Archbishops of York, governed all thefe parts again, till Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, envying Wilirid his greatnefs, perfuaded King Edfrid to divide the northern jurifdiction into four bishoprics, one at York, another at Lindisferne, another at Hagulftad or Hexham, these in England, and the fourth at Whitehern or Candida Cafa among the Picts. Wilfrid, being overborne, leaveth his Archbishopric, and Bofa was placed at York, Eta at Lindisferne, and Tumbert at Hagulitad, in 687. Wilfrid returneth, Tumbert was dead in the mean time and Eta alfo, who had exchanged Lindisferne with Cuthbert for Hagulftad, and John was fitting there. Bofa and John were expelled; and by the refignation of Cuthbert and their expulfion, Wilfrid re-obtained all the jurifdiction: but, three years after, upon the king's difpleafure, Wilfrid was forced to leave all again, and Eadbert in the mean time was preferred to Lindisferne, and Bofa and John reftored. After ten years, Ofwald coming to the kingdom, restored Wilfrid to Hagulftad, Eadfrid being dead, where he alfo died four years after. At Hagulftad, or Hexham, the fee ftood above one hundred years. Eleven bithops enjoyed it fucceffively, and then by reafon of the fpoil and rapine of the Danes it was difcontinued. Hexham, in William of Malmefbury's time, was a poor village, and the jurifdiction of it then added to the fee of York. From this time Hexhamshire was held to be a fee of the archbishopric and had reputation of a county Palatine, but taken from that fee by King Henry the Eighth, 37, c. 16, and by authority of parliament united to the county of North-Humberland. The fee continued at Lindisferne to the time of Eardulph, who entered about 854, and removed the fee to Chester on the Street. Upon his death Aldwin facceeded in 890, and finding that the bishops and monks had been driven thence by the merciless fury of the Danes, who raged here extremely about 800, had wandered up and down from place to place; and not finding any place where they might repofe themselves in fafety, fat themselves down at Durham in 995, where it has ever fince continued. The church here is dedicated to St. Cuthbert, the fixth bishop of Lindisferne, a man of special renown for piety, whofe reliques, the faid bifhops carried up and down. with them in all their wanderings, till at the laft, they were depofited in this church, as in a place of reft and fafety. The foundation of the church laid by Aldwin was taken down by William de Carilefo, about the first entrance of the Normans; that now ftanding, was begun by him in the place of it, and finished by Ranulphus Flambard his next fucceffor. Somewhat has fince been added to it by Bishop Fernham and Thomas Welfcomb, prior of it about 1242. Nor did St. Cuthbert only give name to the church, but to all that country, which is now called the Bishopric of Durham, and anciently was called St. Cuthbert's Patrimony. For upon him, and his fucceffors in that fee, was all the country between Teis and Tine, conferred by Alfred King of England, which donation was confirmed, and in part increated by his fucceffors, Edward Athulftan and Canute the Dane. So fortified it was with privileges and royal grants, that at the coming in of |