A. (1) She sang sweetly.

(2) The wind moaned mournfully over her grave.
(3) When shall I see you again? Some time.
(4) They lived very happily.

(5) We were agreeably disappointed.

(6) Do you expect them to-morrow? Yes.
(7) She is continually changing her mind.
(8) It cannot be true.

(9) Perhaps I shall go.

(10) Doubtless it is true.

B. (1) Time is ever flying. (2) When will the house be covered? To-morrow. (3) How often do you lecture? Never. (4) We see, therefore we believe. (5) How well can she play? (6) How well she can play! (7) How shall we act? Wisely. (8) How is Ruth? Sick. (9) They burst their bonds asunder. (10) Perhaps there were fifty men fighting bravely. (11) The old house stands right over the way. (12) They work day and night. (13) She stood silent as she heard the sad news. (14) Thoughts do often lie too deep for tears. (15) The stick was a trifle too weak to bear well his weight. (16) Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home. (17) Never shall we see his like again. (18) I shall meet my friend when the boat arrives. (19) The lilies grow where the ground is moist. (20) The patriot answers whenever his country calls. (21) Whither I go ye cannot come. (22) Ere the day dawns he will die. (23) He came before I left. (See Prep.) (24) It is uncertain where Homer was born. (25) Newton discovered why an apple falls. (26) Logic teaches how we think. (27) Make hay while the sun shines. (28) As we labor so shall we be rewarded. (29) As is the boy so will be the (30) When you have finished your task, then you may rest.

man.

SYNTAX OF THE ADVERB.

581. RULE XI. — Adverbs usually limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

582. Two negatives make an affirmative; as, “I will not do it no more." "I have not had no bread to-day.”

583. The word following an intransitive verb should be an adjective or an adverb, according as we wish to refer to the condition of the subject, or the manner of the action expressed by the verb. Thus if I wish to refer to the condition of the man, I say, "He looks strange"; but if I wish to describe the manner in which he looked, I say, “He looked strangely at me." And to refer to my condition at the time of my arrival, I say, “I arrived safe," not safely.

584. In poetry an adjective is often used instead of an adverb for the sake of the meter; as, "The swallow sings sweet from her nest on the wall."

585. All liabilities to error in the use of the adverb may be reduced to three heads: Choice, Form, and Position.

586. Rules.

(1) Always use that adverb which expresses, or most nearly expresses, the meaning intended.

(2) Always use the best adverbial form of the word.

(3) Always give the adverb that position in the sentence which adds most to the correctness, clearness, and elegance of the expression.

587. Exercise.

Apply the above rules to the following sentences:

(1) Do not walk so fast; you will soon become weary.

(2) She is less beautiful than he supposed.
(3) All your neighbors were not invited.

(4) How he got it again I scarcely knew.

(5) There cannot be found one man that is willing to undertake it.
(6) The San Jacinto River flows through the southern part of Texas.
(7) Whether you are willing or not, you will have to pay the debt.
(8) Speak slow and distinctly.

(9) She behaved very sillily.

(10) He was running very rapidly, but suddenly stopped.

(11) Two young ladies came to the party nearly dressed alike. (12) I am only tolerable well.

(13) Suddenly there came a tapping, as of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

(14) The boy acted nobler than his brother.

(15) The lady dresses remarkably elegant. (16) The fox is an exceeding artful animal.

(17) He is exceeding clever.

(18) You have been wrong informed on this subject.

(19) Nothing further was said about the matter.

(20) Come quick! you walk too slow.

(21) We remained a week at Galveston, and proceeded thence to Indianola.

(22) No one is nobler or loftier than he.

(23) We went back to the cave.

(24) Such cloaks were in fashion about five years since.

(25) I received the gift with pleasure, but I shall now gladlier resign it. (26) If you have only learned to spend money extravagantly at college, you may stay at home.

(27) Corn should be generally planted in April.

(28) Having lost once $1000 by speculation, he will never have another chance.

(29) That was a remarkably fine speech.

(30) Having not considered the measures proposed, he failed of success. (31) We do those things frequently which we repent of afterward. (32) The flowers smell sweetly.

(33) At this place the mountains are considerably high and steep. (34) I went by the house in a buggy.

THE PREPOSITION.

588. A Preposition is a word used to show the relation between its object and some other word.

589. In "We sat on a box of iron," on shows the relation between sat and box; that is, it indicates in what way the object represented by the noun box is related to the action expressed by the verb sat. Of shows the relation between

iron and box.

I. CLASSES OF PREPOSITIONS.

590. Prepositions are classed, according to their form, into

etc.

(1) Simple. Single prepositions; as, in, at, on, by, for,

(2) Compound. Consisting of two or more prepositions ; as, from above, from under, etc.

(3) Complex. Any combination of different parts of speech used as a single preposition; as, to the extent of, to the distance of, etc.

II. TERMS OF RELATION.

591. Prepositions are relation words; and since relation can exist only between two objects, there must always be two terms of the relation expressed by a preposition. These terms are called object and antecedent.

592. The object of a preposition is always a noun or some expression used as a noun.

593. It

may be

(1) A noun: "We went to the river." (2) A pronoun: "He sat by me."

(3) An adverb: In such expressions as, now, to here, for ever, between now and then. p. 144.)

since then, before then, till (See Whitney's Grammar,

(4) An adjective: On high, of old, in vain, for good. (5) An infinitive: "She did nothing but [to] cry."

(6) A participle: "She never thinks of going to school."

(7) A clause: "We have been talking about who deserves the prize." "The labor of clearing land depends upon how much timber there is growing on it." "Reason and justice have been jurymen since before Noah was a sailor." The words after, before, since, till, until, and ere are not conjunctive adverbs. When followed by subordinate clauses, they are prepositions governing the clauses which follow. "We started before the sun set"= before sunset. "We supported the president after he was elected' after his election. "He has not been seen since he arrived" since his arrival, etc. To parse such words as conjunctive adverbs, limiting the verb in the subordinal clause always gives the sentence a meaning contrary to that intended. To illustrate, the first sentence above means what it says: We started before the sun set"; but to analyze it with before as a conjunctive adverb modifying set, makes it say, “The sun set before we started."

=

=

(8) A phrase: "He has lived here since before the war." "A spirit came from above the clouds." "A stream runs from under the rocks." The prepositions since and from in such cases really govern the phrases which follow them; but I think it preferable, because so much more convenient, to call since before, from above, from under, etc., compound prepositions.

594. The Antecedent of a preposition is the word which the phrase limits.

595. It may be

(1) A verb: "The book lies on the table."

(2) A noun: "We saw the city in flames."

(3) A

pronoun: "Woe be unto you of little faith!"

(4) An adjective: "All reverence to the heads hoary with age!" (5) An adverb: "I have read the book sufficiently for my purpose." (6) An interjection: "Alas for maiden, alas for judge!"