(15) No man or woman is able to get rid of struggle.

vices without a

(16) Poverty and wealth have each

own temptations.

II. Fill the blanks with he, she, him, her, I, or me, and give the number of the rule that governs your selection :

(6) that cometh to me, I will in no wise cast out.

(13) O, no, my child, 'twas not in war,

And that kills a single man his neighbors all abhor.

(14) Look at Lucy and -; we are running.

(15) He thought

(16)

to be

that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple.

(17) We thought him to be

(18) He was thought to be

III. Fill blanks with we, us, they, and them, referring to

IV. Fill the following blanks with suitable pronouns, and give the number of the rule that governs each selection.

V. Fill the blanks with who and whom, and state by number the rules employed.

THE ADJECTIVE.

291. We have already found that some objects differ so much that it is necessary to put them in different classes and to give them different names; as, man, rose, tree. We may now observe also that objects belonging to the same class have different qualities or attributes, which it is often necessary for us to name; and also that many times we wish to point out or refer to an object, without either naming its qualities or applying a proper name to it. Hence arises another part of speech called the Adjective, by which we may refer to an object or name its qualities.

292. An Adjective is a word used to limit a noun or pronoun so as to point out or refer to an object, or to name one of its qualities; as, "this book," "four boys," "an apple "; "large book," "lazy boy," "sweet apples."

293. RULE X.- Adjectives limit nouns and pronouns.

THE PREDICATE ADJECTIVE.

294. An adjective may modify a noun directly; as, "The beautiful vase was broken." "I saw a green fence." "He is an industrious fellow"; or it may be used to complete a copulative verb, usually the verb to be; as, “The vase was beautiful." "The fence was green." "The fellow is industrious." An adjective that thus completes the predicate and modifies the subject is called a Predicate Adjective. The pupil must understand that an adjective may be in the predicate, as a modifier of a predicate noun or of an object, without being a predicate adjective; as, "She is a

tall girl." "He killed an ugly snake." A predicate adjective always completes the predicate and limits the subject; as, "The girl is tall." “The snake was ugly."

RESULTANT OR FACTITIVE ADJECTIVE.

295. We have seen that an adjective may limit the subject through the verb; we must observe also that an adjective may limit the direct object in such a way as to be related to the verb; as, "He made the stick straight." "The medicine made him sick." Here the straightness of the stick and the sickness of him result from the actions

expressed by the verbs. Such adjectives are therefore called Resultant Adjectives. They are sometimes called Factitive Adjectives.

296. A noun may be similarly used; it is then a factitive object, and should be parsed as an appositive; as, “They chose her queen." "They appointed him clerk." When the verbs in such sentences are changed to the passive voice, the factitive adjectives and nouns become predicate adjectives and nouns; as, "The stick was made straight." "He was made sick." "She was chosen queen." "He was appointed clerk."

297. Other parts of speech are frequently used as adjectives:

Noun: "A silver spoon." "A mahogany table." "Pennsylvania oil.” Pronoun: "A she politician."

Verb: "A would-be professor."

Adverb: "That far-away shore."

66

Spelling exercises."

Preposition: "The above statement."
Conjunction: "The but clause.

Interjection: "A farewell address."

298. An adjective is often made up of two or more words joined by a hyphen; as, " Sun-burnt hair,” “love-lorn

nightingale," "six-inch boards." Such are called Compound Adjectives.

CLASSES OF ADJECTIVES.

299. Since adjectives limit nouns in two ways, as illustrated above, there arise the two general classes of adjectives - Descriptive to denote qualities of objects; and Definitive to point out or refer to objects without denoting qualities.

300. (1) A Descriptive Adjective is one that limits a noun so as to denote some quality of an object; as, white, dreary, awful, ancient, beating, Parisian.

301. (2) A Definitive Adjective is one that limits a noun so as to point out or refer to an object without denoting any of its qualities; as, the, four, any, each, either, this, those, certain, several.

SUB-CLASSES.

302. Descriptive or Qualifying Adjectives have the three sub-classes,

-

303. (1) Common, any ordinary quality word not derived from a proper name; as, "good fruit," "sweet oranges," "cold water," "honorable men," "amiable disposition,” "virtuous women."

304. (2) Proper, one derived from a proper name; as, "Arabian Nights," "Grecian armies," "Turkish despotism."

305. Participial, one derived from a verb; as, "throbbing hearts," "amusing stories," "twinkling stars," "consecrated spots," "defended rights," "deadened sensibility."

306. Definitive or merely Limiting Adjectives have the three sub-classes,

307. (1) Articles, A or An, and The.

308. The is called the definite article, and A or An the indefinite article.