Q. How many forts of Conjunctions are there? A. Many; but the Chief are Copulatives, Disjunctives, Caufals and Conditionals, Q. What is the Uje of the Conjunction Copulative ? A. It joins both the Words and the Senfe of a Sentence; as, Iftudy, and Peter plays. Q. What is the Ufe of a Disjunctive? A. It joins Words, but disjoins the Senfe; as, I, or Peter Shall be punished. Q. What is the Ufe of a Caufal? A. It fhews the Caufe or Reafon of a Thing; as, I do fudy, that I may be learned. Q. What is the Ufe of a Conditional? A. It renders the Speech doubtful; as, If the Sky falls, ave fhall catch Larks. Q. Give me a Lift of the principal Conjunctions. A. Hjo, although, and, as, because, but, either, except, for, howfoever, if, likewife, moreover, namely, neither, nevertheless, nor, or, otherwise, fave, fince, that, therefore, thereupon, unlefs, whereas, wherefore, whether, whither. CHA P. IX. Of a PREPOSITION. QWHAT is a Prepofition? A. A Prepofition is a Part of Speech regularly fet before a Word of another Part of Speech, either separated from it or joined to it, to fignify its Reft, Alteration, and Manner of Motion. Q. Give an Example. A. Alexander travelled into Perfia; here into is the Prepofition feparated from the Noun: But in this The Concla fon will fhew the Matter, the Prepofition Con is joined to clufion Q. By what Name do you call the Prepofition, That ftands feparate? A. It is called Appofition. Q. How call you that Prepofition, which is joined to the Nount A. It is called Compofition.. Q. Which are the Prepofitions fet feparate, or by Appofition? A. They are these that follow; Above, about, after, againft, among or amongft, at, before, behind, before or in prefence of, beneath, below, between, betwixt, beyond, on this Side, by or thro', befide, for, from, in, into, no or upon, over, off, out or out of, to or unto, towards, under, up to, with, within, witheat. Q. Which Q. Which are the Prepofitions joined or fet in Compofition? A. These that follow, which are proper to the English Fongue only. 1. A, which is used for on, or in; as, a Foot, for on Foot; a Bed, for in Bed; tho' it is fometimes redundant; as in abide for bide, awake for wake. 2. Be, which is used for about; as in befprinkle, i. e. to fprinkle about: For by, or nigh; as, befide, i. e. by or nigh the Side: For in; as, betimes; i. e. in time or early: For before; as, to befpeak, i. e. to speak for, &c. 3. Counter, which fignifies Oppofition or Contrariety; as, Counterbalance, Counterfcarp, Counterfeit. 4. For, which fignifies Negation, or Privation; as, to for bid, to forfake. 5. Fore, which fignifies before; as, to foresee, to foretel. 6. Mis, which denotes Defect or Error; as, Mifdeed, Miftake. 7. Over, which fignifies Eminency or Superiority; as, to overcome, to overfee. It denotes alfo Excefs; as, overhafty. 8. Out, which fignifies Excefs, Excellency, or Superiority; as, to out-do, to out-run, out-wit. 9. Un, which denotes Negation and Contrariety; as, unpleafant, unworthy: Allo Diffolution; as, to urfay, to undo. 10. Up, which denotes Motion upwards, or Places and Things that lie upwards; as, Upland, upfide. 11. Sur, which fignifies on, over, or upon, derived from the Latin fuper; as, furface. 12. With, which fignifies against, or oppofition; as, to withftand, i. e. to ftand against. Sometimes it fignifies from or back; as, to with-hold, to withdraw. Q. Which are the Prepofitions in Compofition borrowed from the Latin? A. 1. A and ab, whose natural Signification is fram, of, and out of; but compounded with an English Word, ferve either to denote Excefs; as, about, afore, abbor, abule, abroad, or elfe to fignify Separation; as, to abstain, to abolish. 2. Ad, which fignifies to, or at; as, Advocate, Advent, Adverb. 3. Ante, which fignifies before; as, Antecedent, to antedate 4. Circum, which fignies about; as, Circumlocution, sumvallation, Circumfcribe. 5. Co, Col, Com, and Con, for Cum, fignify mit gether; as, Copartner, Colloquy, Commerce, Como.co 6. Contra, which fignifies against, and denotes Opposition or Contrariety; as, to contradict. 7. De, which fignifies a kind of Motion from; as, decant, detract, deduce, and fo is properly used to extend the Senfe of a Word; as, to demonftrate, to deplore. It alfo denotes contrariety; as, demerit. 8. Di, which ferves to extend, stretch out or lessen the Senfe of the Word it is compounded with; as, direct, diminish, dilate, 9. Dis, which fignifies Separation, Difference, or Diversity, giving a Signification contrary to the primitive Ufage of the Word it is compounded with; as, to disagree, to difcharge. 10. E or Ex, which fignifies out, cut of, or off; as, E-vent, i. e. the falling out; to eject, i. e. to caft out; to exclude, i. e. to fhut out. 11. Extra, which fignifies beyond, over and above; as, extravagant, extraordinary. 12. In or Im, which generally denotes the Pofition or Difpofition, or an Action whereby one Thing is, as it were, put into another; as, to import, to impale, to inclofe: Or the Impreffion whereby the Thing receives fuch and fuch a Form; as, to inchant, to incline. It likewife denotes Want or Imperfection; as, implore, importune, impoverish, impair, impotent, &c. Greatness or Largenefs; as immenfe, immensity: Likeness; as imitate, imitation: Unchangeableness ; as immutable: Purity; as immaculate; i. e. unfpotted: Hindrance; as impede, i. e. to top: Force; as to impel, i. e. to drive forward: Accufation; as, to impeach: Pride; as, imperious: Violence; as, impetuous: Confinement; as immure, i. e. to fhut up between two Walls. It is alfo ufed at the beginning of Words, to denote Privation, or not; and gives a contrary Senfe to the Word it is compounded with; as, Indecent, Inhuman, In iuftice, Imprudent, Imperfect, Impenitent. Alfo in one Word where In is changed into Ig, as ignoble. Note, In Words derived from the French, inftead of in, we commonly ufe en; as, to enrage, to encourage: but then it never denotes Privation or not. 13. Inter, which fignifies between; as, to intervene, to interrupt: but in interdict, it fignifies as much as for, in forbid. Sometimes we ufe enter, in Words derived from the French. 14. Intro, which fignifies within; as, to introduce. 15. Ob, which fignifies againft; as, Obftacle, to oppose.. 16. Per, which fignifies through; and denotes a certain Degree of Excellence or Excefs; as, perfect, perforate, perfecute. 17. Poft 17. Poft, which figniics after; as Poftjcript. 18. Pre, which fignifies before; as, to preme litate, to re-engage, Preface 19. Pro, which fignifies for or forth; but it has alfo a great many other Senfes; as, to profejs, protect, pronounce, prorogae. 20. Preter, which fignifies again; as, preternatural. zi. Re, which generally implies a repeated Action; as, to repeat, rechange, Sometimes it denotes Oppofition; as, to repulje: Sometimes it denotes only the enlarging the Senfe of the fimple Verb; 2s, repose, repaft: Sometimes it fignifies the changing one Thing or State into another; as, Reduce, Reduction: Sometimes it denotes contrariety; as, Reverse: Sometimes Honour and Efteen; as, Regard, Respect: And fometimes diflike and disesteem; as, Reproach, Reject, Rejection. 22. Retro, which figuities backward; as, Retr pet, Retrograde Motion. 23. Se, which figuifics without, or by itself; as, fecure, Separate, feclude. 24. Sub, which fignifies under; as, to subscribe. 25. Subter, which alfo fignifies under; as, Subterfuge, i. e. a Refuge under. 26. Super, which fignifies upon, over, or above; as, Sμperfcription, Superfluous. 27. Trans, which fignifies over, or beyond;, as, to tranfi port, to tranfgrefs: Sometimes it fignifies the moving from one Place to another; as, to transplant, to tranfpofe; fometimes it denotes the changing of one Thing into another; as, to transform, Transubstantiation. Q. Which are the Preptitions in Compofition derived from the Greek? A. 1. A, which fignifies Privation or not; as, Anonymous, Anarchy. 2. Amphi, which fignifies on both Siles and about; as, Amphibious, Amphitheatre, Amphibology. 3. Anta and Anti, which fignify against; as, Antagoni Antichrift. 4. Hyper, which fignies over and above; as Hyperbole... 5. Hypo, which fignifies under; as, Hypocrify. 6. Meta, which fignifies beyond; or elfe denotes the chang ing of one Thing into another; as, Me apher, Bletamorphofis. 7. Peri, which fignifies about; as, periodical, Periphery. 8. Syn, which fignifies with or together; as, Synol, Syntax. CHAP CHAP. X. Of an INTERJECTION. • WH A. An Interjection is a Part of Speech, which denoteth a fudden Paffion of the Mind, without the help of any other Words And therefore Interjections are as various as the fudden Paffions of the Mind themselves; as, Ho, brave Boys! Here is News for you. Q. Which are the Interjections? A. Thefe following are fome of them; Ah! alack! alas! arvay! fie! foh! good lack! good Sir! ha, ha, be! ha! beigh!, hem! bo! boi! how-now! hush! now! O! Oh! O brave! O frange! O hoe! pish! Jhuh! Sirrah! Sobo! St! tu! well-done! well-faid! whoo! wo! CHAP. XI. Of the Derivation of WORDS. WH HAT is the Derivation of Words? A. It fhews how every Word may in its proper Cafe, Mood, Tenfe, and Quality. be formed Q. How is the Genitive Cafe Singular formed, without the Prepofition of prefix'd ? A. By putting 's to the Subftantive of the Poffeffor; as, The Mafter's Eye, i. e. The Eye of the Mafter makes the Harfe fat. Note, 1. That the Poffeffor, or the Thing poffeffed, with this Termination's, may be accounted either a Subftantive of the Genitive Singular, or an Adjective Poffeffive; as, My Mafter's Son, where Master's is an Adjective Poffeffive; which may be properly rendered otherwife, by the Genitive Cafe, The Son of my Mafter. 2. It muf nevertheless be carefully obferved, that the fingle s added to the End of a Word, which before ended in e, does not make fuch a Wors a Genitive Cafe, or an Adjective Poffeflive; neither does it add any Syllable to the Word; for the e, to which it is added, is caft away in the Pronunciation, and the s only adds to the Number of that Word, and is founded together with the laft Confonant thereof; as, In the Words Share, Shares; Trade, Trades; Spade, Spades, &c. except where the Words end in ge; as, Cage, Cages; or fe ; as, Cafe, Cafes : or 'ce; as, Lace, Laces. Q. How |