SECTION 5. judge of elections, &c., 1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and Each House the qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall con- of its own members. stitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn A majority to constifrom day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. tute a quorum. termine its own rules. 2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish Fach House to deits members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of twothirds of the whole number expel a member. Each House to keep Yeas and naya. 3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their journal. judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Adjournment of any other one House by consent of the other. 4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. SECTION 6. members; their privi leges. 1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for Compensation of their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the Confederate States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he Disability to hold was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the certain offices. Confederate States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the Confederate States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. But Congress may, by law, grant to the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments Principal officers in a seat upon the floor of either House, with the privilege of discussing any measures appertaining to his department. SECTION 7. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed both Houses, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the Confederate States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in the Departments may sit in Congress; and discuss certain mea sures. Same as to resolutions, etc. Power of Congress. not to grant boun ies; like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their ad- 3. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concurrence of both SECTION 8. The Congress shall have power 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, for revenue To lay taxes; but necessary to pay the debts, provide for the common defence, and carry nor to lay taxes or on the government of the Confederate States; but no bounties shall duties to foster any be granted from the treasury; nor shall any duties or taxes on importa. branch of industry. tions from foreign nations be laid to promote or foster any branch of inDuties to be uni- dustry; and all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the Confederate States: form. To borrow money. To regulate commerce; but not to ap ments, except for cer tain purposes. 2. To borrow money on the credit of the Confederate States: 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the seve propriate money for ral States, and with the Indian tribes; but neither this, nor any other internal improve clause contained in the constitution, shall ever be construed to delegate the power to Congress to appropriate money for any internal improvement intended to facilitate con merce; except for the purpose of furnishing lights, beacons, and buoys, and other aids to navigation upon the coasts, and the improvement of harbors and the removing of obstrucWhen to lay duties tions in river navigation, in all which cases, such duties shall be laid on the navigation facilitated thereby, as may be necessary to pay the costs and expenses thereof: on navigation. To make laws as to and naturalization bankruptcy. To coin money, 4. To establish uniform laws of naturalization, and uniform laws on fix the standard of 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin, and weights and mea fix the standard of weights and measures: Bures. To punish counterfeiters. To establish postoffices. To promote science and useful arts. To constitute infe rior Courts. To punish piracies 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the Confederate States: 7. To establish post-offices and post-routes; but the expenses of the Post-office Department, after the first day of March in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty-three, shall be paid out of its own revenues: 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court: and felonies on the seas, and offences against the law of nations: high seas. To declare war, etc. To raise armies. 11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years: 13. To provide and maintain a navy: 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces: To provide a Navy. To make rules for Army and Navy. To provide for calling out the militia. ganizing militia, etc. 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Confederate States, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions: 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, To provide for orand for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the Confederate States; reserving to the States, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress : sive legislation over certain other places. 17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over To exercise exclusuch district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of seat of government one or more States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat over the C. B., and of the government of the Confederate States: and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings and 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carry- necessary and proper ing into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested to execute other pow by this Constitution in the government of the Confederate States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION 9. ers. To make all lawe den. 1. The importation of negroes of the African race, from any foreign Importation of Africountry other than the slaveholding States or Territories of the United can negroes forbid. States of America, is hereby forbidden; and Congress is required to pass such laws as shall effectually prevent the same. slaves prohibited. 2. Congress shall also have power to prohibit the introduction of Introduction of slaves from any State not a member of, or Territory not belonging to, this Confederacy. corpus not to be sus 3. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, Writ of habeas unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may pended. require it. 4. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or ing the right of property in negro slaves shall be passed. impa[i]r-Bills of attainder, 5. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 6. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State, except by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses. 7. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another. or ez post facto laws, or laws impairing right of property in slaves. No tax on articles exported from any tate. No preference to ports of one State over another. No money drawn 8. No meney shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence from the treasury but of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account by law. Receipts and of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published expenditures publish from time to time. money from the trea zed. 9. Congress shall appropriate no money from the treasury except Appropriations of by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses, taken by yeas and nays, unless sury; when authorit be asked and estimated for by some one of the heads of departments, and submitted to Congress by the President; or for the purpose of paying its own expenses and contingencies; or for the payment of claims against the Confederate States, the justice of which shall have been judicially declared by a tribunal for the investigation of claims against the government, which it is hereby made the duty of Congress to establish. 10. All bills appropriating money shall specify in federal currency the exact amount of each appropriation and the purposes for which it Bills appropriating money; what to spe cify. no extra compensa Congress to grant is made; and Congress shall grant no extra compensation to any public tion to contractors contractor, officer, agent or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such service rendered. and officers. Titles of nobility not to be granted, 11. No title of nobility shall be granted by the Confederate States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, Officers of O. S. not without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolufrom foreign States. ment, office or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. to accept presents Religious freedom. Freedom of speech and of the press. Right of petition. Right to bear and keep arms. 12. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for a redress of griev ances. 13. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Quartering of 14. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. soldiers. Unreasonable searches and seizures prohibited. No warrant to issue but on oath. Trials for capital crimes. 15. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 16. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise offences or infamous infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the No one to be twice militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor put in jeopardy of life shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property not to be taken with without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. or limb for same offence. Private property out compensation. Trial by jury in criminal cases. Trial by jury in alvil cases. 17. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. 18. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall excesd twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and Excessive bail not no fact so tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court to be required, nor of the Confederacy, than according to the rules of common law. posed or punishment 19. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, Laws to relate to nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. excessive fines im inflicted. but one subject to be 20. Every law, or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to expressed in the title. but one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title. SECTION 10. Limitation of the 1. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; powers of the States. grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts or grant any titte of nobility. 2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the nett produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the Confederate States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress. 3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, except on sea-going vessels, for the improvement of its rivers and harbors navigated by the said vessels; but such duties shall not conflict with any treaties of the Confederate States with foreign nations; and any surplus revenue, thus derived, shall, after making such improvement, be paid into the common treasury. Nor shall any State keep troops or ships-of-war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. But when any river divides or flows through two or more States, they may enter into compacts with each other to improve the navigation thereof. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. Executive powers vested in President. Term of office of 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Confederate States of America. He and the Vice President shall hold their offices for the term of six years; but the President shall not be President and Vice re-eligible. The President and Vice President shall be elected as follows: President. dent and Vice PresiNumber for each State. 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereoflectors of Presimay direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of Sena- dent. tors and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the Confederate States, shall be appointed an elector. tors, and their pro 3. The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by Meetings of elec ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall ceedings. not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persous voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the Confederate States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest Election of Presinumber of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States-the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, dent, |