CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE SHOWING THE REMARKABLE GROWTH OF THE CATHOLIC PRESS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA.

1810. Propagateur Catholique, Le (weekly), New Orleans; L. Lafargue.

1832. Catholic Telegraph (weekly), Cincinnati; Rev. J. F. Callaghan.

1837. Wahrheitsfreund (weekly), Cincinnati; Benziger Brothers.

1838. Pilot (weekly), Boston; Pilot Publishing Company.

1840. Freeman's Journal and Catholic Register (weekly), New York; J. A. McMaster.

1844. Catholic (weekly), Pittsburg; J. Porter.

1846. Katholische Kirchen Zeitung (weekly), Jamaica, N.Y.; M. Oertel.

1850. Catholic Mirror (weekly), Baltimore; J. B. Piet.

1850. Herold des Glaubens, Der (weekly), St. Louis; German Printing and

Publishing Association.

1851. Aurora, Die (weekly), Buffalo; C. Wieckmann.

1857. Monitor (weekly), San Francisco; Rev. J. F. Harrington.

1857. Tablet (weekly), New York; D. and J. Sadlier & Co.

1860. Katholische Volks-Zeitung (weekly), Baltimore; John Schmidt.
1860. Katholische Wochenblatt (weekly), Chicago; F. X. Brandecker.
1865. Ave Maria (weekly), Notre Dame, Ind.; Rev. D. E. Hudson.
1865. Catholic World (monthly), New York; Rev. I. T. Hecker.
1866. Catholic Standard (weekly), Philadelphia; G. D. Wolff.

1866. Katholischer Glaubensbote (weekly), Louisville; G. D. Deuser.

1866. North-western Chronicle (weekly) St. Paul; North-western Chronicle

Publishing Company.

1867. Wanderer, Der (weekly), St. Paul; F. Fassbind.

1868. Guardian Angel (monthly), Philadelphia; Revs. J. O'Reilly and W. F. Cook.

1868. Morning Star and Catholic Messenger (weekly), New Orleans; NewOrleans Catholic Publishing Company.

1868. Western Catholic (weekly), Chicago; J. R. Coffin.

1869. Central Catholic Advocate (weekly), Louisville; L. H. Bell. 1869. Western Watchman (weekly), St. Louis; Rev. D. S. Phelan. 1870. Catholic Citizen (weekly), Milwaukee; Rev. G. C. Willard.

1870. Catholic Sentinel (weekly), Portland, Ore.; Catholic Sentinel Publishing Company.

1870. Young Catholic (monthly), New York; Rev. I. T. Hecker.

1871. Catholic Review (weekly), New York; P. V. Hickey.

1871. Luxemburger Gazette (weekly), Dubuque; N. Gonner.

1872. Catholic Union (weekly), Buffalo; Rev. P. Cronin.

1872. Michigan Catholic, Detroit, Mich.; William H. Hughes, editor and proprietor.

1872. Western Home Journal (weekly), Detroit; W. E. Savage.

1873. I. C. B. U. Journal, Philadelphia; M. J. J. Griffin.

1873. Union (weekly), New York; J. W. O'Brien.

1874. Cæcilia (monthly), New York; J. Singenberger.

1874. Catholic Universe (weekly), Cleveland; M. Tello.

1874. Catholic Visitor (weekly), Lockport, N.Y.; Wilber Brothers.

1874. Columbia (weekly), Milwaukee; German Catholic Printing Society. 1874. Concordia (weekly), Green Bay, Wis.; Concordia Printing Association. 1874. Gazeta Polska Catolicka (weekly), Chicago; John Barzynski.

1874. Harp (monthly), Montreal; J. Gillies.

1874. Lake Shore Visitor (weekly), Erie, Penn.; Rev. T. A. Casey. 1874. Pilot (weekly), Chicago; M. J. Cahill.

1874. Tribune (weekly), Toronto; A. Robertson.

1875. Catholic Columbian (weekly), Columbus; Rev. D. A. Clarke. 1875. Catholic Visitor (weekly), Richmond; D. J. O'Connell, D.D. 1875. Christliche Woche, Die (weekly), Buffalo; Rev. J. M. Sorg. 1875. Revista Catolica (weekly), Les Vegas, N. Mex.; S. Pessare. 1875. Stimme der Wahrheit, Die (weekly), Detroit; J. B. Muller. 1876. L'Album des Familles (monthly), Ottawa; J. Tasse.

1876. American Catholic Review (quarterly), Philadelphia; Very Rev. J. A. Corcoran.

1876. Catholic, Parkersburg, Va.; J. N. O'Brien.

1876. Connecticut Catholic (weekly), Hartford; M. F. Scanlan.

1877. Catholic Times (weekly), Rochester; O'Connor.

1878. Katholischer Jugend-Freund, New York (weekly), Chicago; Rev. A. J. Thiele.

1878. Catholic Record (weekly), London, Ont.; Thomas Coffey.

1878. Catholic Telegraph (weekly), Albany, N.Y.; Rev. J. M. Ludden and M. J. Louden.

1878. Katholisches Volksblatt (weekly), New York; Rev. A. Schwenniger. 1878. Standaard, De (weekly), De Pere, Wis.; De Standaard Printing

Company.

1879. Celtic Monthly (monthly), New York; J. Haltigan.

1880. Catholic Fireside (monthly), New York; Catholic Fireside Publishing

Company.

1880. Illustrated Catholic American (weekly), New York; P. V. Hickey. 1880. Catholic Herald, Boston; P. McCorry editor, D. O'Loughlin proprietor. 1882. Republic, Boston, Mass.; Patrick Maguire.

1882. Brooklyn Examiner, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Edward Feeney & Co.

1883. Vesper Bells, Philadelphia, Penn.; Dan F. Gillin, publisher.

1883. Working Boy, Boston; Rev. D. H. Roche, editor and publisher.

1883. Orphan's Friend, Boston, House of the Angel Guardian; Brother Joseph,

publisher.

ABBREVIATIONS OF ECCLESIASTICAL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS.

ABBREVIATIONS are literary contrivances for saving time and space. They are of two kinds, consisting either in the omission of some letters or words, or in the substitution of some arbitrary sign.

D.T. (Doctor Theologiæ), Doctor of Lev. Leviticus.

N.V.M. Nativity of the Virgin Mary. SS. Saints.

P.P. Pastor of Pastors, when applied Theol. Theology, theological.

CHIEF HERESIES OF THE CHURCH.

1. The Arians, founded by Arius, an ambitious cleric of Alexandria, who denied the divinity of our Lord, and said that He was not begotten of the Father, but made by Him; that He was not equal to, but inferior to, the Father. These heretics were condemned at the Council of Nice, a town in Bithynia, A.D. 325, under Pope S. Sylvester I. The Nicene Creed was drawn up at this council.

2.

The Manicheans, who taught that our Lord did not take to Himself a real body, but only the appearance of a body, something similar to what the angels assumed when they visited holy persons, etc., as mentioned in Scripture. They also said that there were two gods, a good one and a bad one. These heresies were commenced about A.D. 326.

3. The Macedonians, founded by Macedonius, who had usurped the See of Constantinople. He denied the Godhead of the Holy Ghost, and said that He was only a creation like the angels, but of a higher order. This heresy was condemned at the First Council of Constantinople, A.D. 381, under Pope S. Damasus.

4. The Pelagians, founded by Pelagius, a native of Britain. He denied the existence of original sin in the soul of man, and taught that without the aid of grace man is perfectly able to fulfil the law of God. This heresy was condemned at a council of African Bishops held at Carthage, A.D. 416; the decision of the council being confirmed by Pope S. Innocent.

5. The Nestorians, founded by Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople. He taught that there were two separate persons in our Lord, one the Son of God, and the other the son of man; and that the Blessed Virgin was not the Mother of God, but of the man Christ. This heresy was condemned at the Council of Ephesus, A.D. 431, under Pope S. Celestine I. The latter part of the Hail Mary' was added: Holy Mary, Mother of God,' etc.

6. The Eutychians, founded by Eutyches, who taught that there was only one nature, the Divine, in our Lord. He said, that at the moment of the Incarnation the human nature was absorbed by, or changed into, the Divine. This heresy was condemned at the Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451, under Pope S. Leo the Great.

7. The Semi-Pelagians taught that the beginning of faith and first desire of virtue came from the powers of man alone, unassisted by Divine grace. They also said that the grace of final perseverance can be merited by our own efforts, and is not a free gift of God. This heresy was first taught by some priests of Marseilles. It was condemned at the Second Council of Orange, A.D. 529; the decrees of the council being confirmed by Pope Boniface II.

8. The Monothelites said that Jesus Christ had no separate human will, but only a Divine one. They were condemned at the Third Council of Constantinople, A.D. 680, under Pope S. Agatho.

9.

The Iconoclasts, or breakers of holy images, rejected the use of holy images and pictures, and the practice of paying them due respect. They were condemned at the Second Council of Nice, A.D. 757, under Pope

Adrian I.

IO. The Greek Heresy and Schism was commenced by Photius, who, though not a priest, took unjust possession of the See of Constantinople. This schism was consummated in A.D. 1054, by Michael Cerularius, who broke entirely away from the supremacy of the Popes, and established what