in the Province of New Brunswick was 236 and the value of the product $7,041,848. As the census, however, includes only industries employing five or more hands, some of the smaller mills are not enumerated. The value of forest products in the rough is given as follows: Square, waney or flat timber, $34,484; logs for lumber, $1,667,694; pulpwood, $37,577; miscellaneous, $1,295,860; total, $3,035,615. The following are the quantities and values of the items under the two former heads:

The forests of New Brunswick always have been her greatest source of wealth, and lumbering has been her greatest industry. Her first important exports were lumber products and to this day the forests furnish employment for a large proportion of her people and a splendid revenue to her internal government. The volume of the product shows a wonderful persistence, and it seems likely that, with the practice of conservative forestry methods and the large area illy adapted to agriculture, the forests will forever remain the chief resource of the Province.

Complete figures of logical arrangement are difficult to procure, but the following tables give the most important facts as to the trade history of the Province, and many enlightening details.

LUMBER AND TIMBER SHIPMENTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK.

Shipments from Miramichi for thirteen years, from 1892 to 1904 inclusive, in feet, were:

The shipments during 1902 from various New Brunswick ports were as follows:

*In addition to the above, Miramichi exported 29 tons of birch and 1,159,065 feet of box

shooks in 1902.

SHIPMENTS FROM NEW BRUNSWICK BY PORTS, 1903 AND 1904.

DISTRIBUTION OF ST. JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK, SHIPMENTS FOR THE YEARS

SHIPMENTS FROM ST. JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK, TO TRANS-ATLANTIC PORTS FROM NOVEMBER 30, 1901, TO NOVEMBER 30, 1902.

LUMBER SHIPMENTS FROM ST. JOHN TO TRANS-ATLANTIC PORTS FOR

TOTAL TRANS-ATLANTIC SHIPMENts of new BRUNSWICK, 1901 COMPARED

The trans-Atlantic shipments from the Province of New Brunswick for thirteen years were:

The United States Consulate at St. John has compiled the following statement of values of shipments to the United States for 1903 and 1904:

In addition, there were shipped to countries other than the United States approximately 358,000,000 feet of lumber from the Province of New Brunswick in 1904, an approximate decrease of 30,000,000 feet from shipments of 1903. There was a decrease of 5,000,000 feet in Liverpool consignments, but an increase of 6,000,000 feet in lumber consigned to Manchester.

CHAPTER XXI.

NOVA SCOTIA-LUMBER HISTORY.

Nova Scotia was the first settled of any of the Canadian provinces, a colony being established at Annapolis, then Port Royal, as early as 1605. At that time and for long afterward it was noted for the density of its forests; and, in fact, it was over two hundred years before roads were cut through it for any distance into the interior, the settlements being confined to the coast and the land accessible by the rivers. One hundred years ago the country was heavily timbered with spruce, pine, hemlock, fir, poplar, hackmatack and various hardwoods-white birch, yellow birch, red birch, maple, beech and oak.

The lumbering industry was actively pursued in Nova Scotia at a time when the sister Province of New Brunswick, then included within her limits, was an unpeopled wilderness. A return of the several townships of Nova Scotia January 1, 1761, reported among the industries then extant thirty-one sawmills with an aggregate output of 1,271,000 feet of lumber. The first exports were to the United States on a very limited scale, and at a later date a large trade in lumber was built up with the West Indies, under the stimulus of which the industry rapidly developed. The demand for shipbuilding purposes was another factor in encouraging the production of timber.

Joseph Bouchette in his descriptive work, "The British Dominions in North America," published in 1832, writes as follows regarding conditions in the trade during the early part of the century:

"There are sawmills in every district of the Province, and even as far back as 1785 there were ninety of them in the country. The number has been vastly increased since that period. The quantity of lumber prepared and exported is momentous, and it is considered as good here as in any other part of America. Shipbuilding is carried on to a great extent in every part of the Province. In the ship yards of the peninsula alone there were built in the year 1826 131 vessels containing 15,535 tons, and in 1828, ninety-four vessels containing 6,560 tons. The average quantity of shipbuilding is not less than 10,000 tons per annum, principally sloops, schooners and vessels for the fishery."

Dr. Abraham Gesner, writing of the "Industrial Resources of Nova