Liberty of trade to ene'mies' ports secured. Free ships make free goods, excepting contraband. Nor shall any citizen, subject or inhabitant of the said United States apply for or take any commission or letters of marque for arming any ship or ships to act as privateers against the subjects of his Catholic Majesty, or the property of any of them, from any prince or state with which the said king shall be at war. And if any person of either nation shall take such commissions or letters of marque, he shall be punished as a pirate. ARTICLE XV. It shall be lawful for all and singular the subjects of his Catholic Majesty, and the citizens, people and inhabitants of the said United States, to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandizes laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are, or hereafter shall be at enmity with his Catholic Majesty or the United States. It shall be likewise lawful for the subjects and inhabitants aforesaid, to sail with the ships and merchandizes aforementioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports and havens of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy aforementioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same prince or under several; and it is hereby stipulated, that free ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed free and exempt which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the subjects of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either: Contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, so that although they be enemies to either party, they shall not be made prisoners or taken out of that free ship, unless they are soldiers and in actual service of the enemies. What articles contraband. ARTICLE XVI. This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of shall be deemed merchandizes, excepting those only, which are distinguished by the name of contraband: And under this name of contraband or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended arms, great guns, bombs, with the fusees, and other things belonging to them, cannon-ball, gunpowder, match, pikes, swords, lances, speards, halberds, mortars, petards, grenades, saltpetre, muskets, musket-ball, bucklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, and the like kind of arms, proper for arming soldiers, musketrests, belts, horses with their furniture, and all other warlike instruments whatever. These merchandizes which follows, shall not be reckoned among contraband or prohibited goods: That is to say, all sorts of cloths, and all other manufactures woven of any wool, flax, silk, cotton, or any other materials whatever; all kinds of wearing aparel, together with all species whereof they are used to be made; gold and silver, as well coined as uncoined, tin, iron, latton, copper, brass, coals; as also wheat, barley, oats, and any other kind of corn and pulse; tobacco, and likewise all manner of spices, salted and smoked flesh, salted fish, cheese and butter, beer, oils, wines, sugars, and all sorts of salts: And in general, all provisions which serve for the sustenance of life: Furthermore, all kinds of cotton, hemp, flax, tar, pitch, ropes, cables, sails, sail-cloths, anchors, and any parts of anchors, also ships' masts, planks, wood of all kind, and all other things proper either for building or repairing ships, and all other goods whatever, which have Ygualmente ningun ciudadano ô habitante de dichos Estados Unidos pedirá ô aceptará encargo ô patente para armar algun buque ô buques con el fin de perseguir los subditos de S. M. Catolica, ô apoderarse de su propiedad, de qualquier Principe ô Estado que sea con quien estuviere en guerra S. M. Catolica. Y si algun individuo de una ô de otra nacion tomase semejantes encargos ô patentes sera castigado como pirata. ART. XV. Se permitirá à todos y à cada uno de los subditos de S. M. Catolica, y â los ciudadanos pueblos y habitantes de dichos Estados, q puedan navegar con sus embarcaciones con toda libertad, y seguridad sin que haya la menor excepcion por este respecto, aunque los propietarios de las mercaderias cargadas en las referidas embarcaciones vengan del puerto que quieran, y las traygan destinadas â qualquiera plaza de una potencia actualmente enemiga ô q lo sea despues, asi de S. M. Catolica como de los Estados Unidos. Se permitirá igualmente à los subditos y habitantes mencionados navegar con sus buques y mercaderías, y frequentar con igual libertad y seguridad las plazas y puertos de las potencias enemigas de las partes contratantes, ô de una de ellas sin oposicion û obstaculo, y de comerciar no solo desde los puertos del dicho enemigo à un puerto neutro directamente, si no tambien desde uno enemigo â otro tal, bien se encuentre bajo su jurisdicion, ô bajo la de muchos; y se estipula tambien por el presente tratado que los buques libres asegurarán igualmente la libertad de las mercaderías, y que se juzgaran libres todos los efectos que se hallasen â bordo de los buques que perteneciesen â los subditos de una de las partes contratantes, aun quando el cargamo por entero ô parte de el fuese de los enemigos de una de las dos, bien entendido sin embargo q el contrabando se exceptua siempre. Se ha convenido asi mismo que la propia libertad gozarán los sugetos que pudiesen encontrarse à bordo del buque libre, aun quando fuesen enemigos de una de las dos partes contratantes; y por lo tanto no se podra hacer prisioneros ni separarlos de dichos buques à menos q no tengan la qualidad de militares, y esto hallandose en aquella sazon empleados en el servicio del enemigo. ART. XVI. Esta libertad de navegacion y de comercio debe extenderse â toda especie de mercaderias exceptuando solo las que se comprehenden bajo el nombre de contrabando, ô de mercaderias prohibidas, quales son las armas, cañones, bombas con sus mechas, y demas cosas pertenecientes â lo mismo, balas, polvora, mechas, picas, espadas, lanzas, dardos, alabardas, morteros, petardos, granadas, salitre, fusiles, balas, escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas de malla, y otras armas de esta especie propias para armar â los soldados, portamosquetes, bandoleras, caballos con sus armas y otros instrumentos de guerra sean los que fueren. Pero los generos y mercaderias que se nombrarán ahora, no se comprehenderán entre los de contrabando ô cosas prohibidas, â saber toda especie de paños y qualesquiera otras telas de lana, lino, seda, algodon û otras qualesquiera materias, toda especie de vestidos con las telas de que se acostumbran hacer, el oro y la plata labrada en moneda ô no, el estaño, y erro, laton, cobre, bronce, carbon, del mismo modo que la cevada, el trigo, la avena, y qualesquiera otro genero de legumbres. El tabaco y toda la especeria, carne salada y ahumada, pescado salado, queso y manteca, cerveza, aceytes, vinos, azucar, y toda especie de sal, y en general todo genero de provisiones que sirven para el sustento de la vida. Ademas toda especie de algodon, cañamo, lino, alquitran, pez, cuerdas, cables, velas, telas para velas, ancoras, y partes de que se componen. Mastiles, tablas, maderas de todas especies, y qualesquiera otras cosas que sirvan para la construccion y reparacion de los buques, not been worked into the form of any instrument prepared for war, by land or by sea, shall not be reputed contraband, much less, such as have been already wrought and made up for any other use; all which shall be wholly reckoned among free goods: As likewise all other merchandizes and things which are not comprehended and particularly mentioned in the foregoing enumeration of contraband goods: So that they may be transported and carried in the freest manner by the subjects of both parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, such towns or places being only excepted, as are at that time besieged, blocked up, or invested. And except the cases in which any ship of war, or squadron shall, in consequence of storms or other accidents at sea, be under the necessity of taking the cargo of any trading vessel or vessels, in which case they may stop the said vessel or vessels, and furnish themselves with necessaries, giving a receipt, in order that the power to whom the said ship of war belongs, may pay for the articles so taken, according to the price thereof, at the port to which they may appear to have been destined by the ship's papers: and the two contracting parties engage, that the vessels shall not be detained longer than may be absolutely necessary for their said ships to supply themselves with necessaries: That they will immediately pay the value of the receipts, and indemnify the proprietor for all losses which he may have sustained in consequence of such transaction. ARTICLE XVII. To the end, that all manner of dissentions and quarrels may be avoided and prevented on one side and the other, it is agreed, that in case either of the parties hereto, should be engaged in a war, the ships and vessels belonging to the subjects or people of the other party must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property, and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of the said ship, that it may appear thereby, that the ship really and truly belongs to the subjects of one of the parties, which passport shall be made out and granted according to the form annexed to this treaty. They shall likewise be recalled every year, that is, if the ship happens to return home within the space of a year. It is likewise agreed, that such ships being laden, are to be provided not only with passports as above mentioned, but also with certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, the place whence the ship sailed, that so it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same: which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place whence the ship sailed in the accustomed form: And if any one shall think it fit or advisable to express in the said certificates, the person to whom the goods on board belong, he may freely do so: Without which requisites they may be sent to one of the ports of the other contracting party, and adjudged by the competent tribunal, according to what is above set forth, that all the circumstances of this omission having been well examined, they shall be adjudged to be legal prizes, unless they shall give legal satisfaction of their property by testimony entirely equivalent. ARTICLE XVIII. If the ships of the said subjects, people, or inhabitants, of either of the parties, shall be met with, either sailing along the coasts or on the high seas, by any ship of war of the other, or by any privateer, the said ship of war or privateer for the avoiding of any disorder, shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send their boats a-board the merchant ship, which they shall so meet with, and may enter her to number of two or three men only, to whom the master or commander of such ship or vessel shall exhibit his passports, concerning the property of the ship, y otras qualesquiera materias que no tienen la forma de un instrumento preparado para la guerra por tierra ô por mar, no seran reputadas de contrabando, y menos las que estan ya preparadas para otros usos. Todas las cosas que se acaban de nombrar deben ser comprehendidas entre las mercaderias libres, lo mismo que todas las demas mercaderias y efectos que no estan comprehendidos y nombrados expresamente en la enumeracion de los generos de contrabando, de manera que podran ser transportados y conducidos con la mayor libertad por los subditos de las dos partes contratantes â las plazas enemigas, exceptuando sin embargo las q se hallasen en la actualidad sitiadas, bloqueadas, ô embestidas, y los casos en que algun buque de guerra ô esquadra que por efecto de avería, û otras causas se halle en necesidad de tomar los efectos que conduzca el buque ô buques de comercio, pues en tal caso podra detenerlos para aprovisionarse, y dar un recibo para que la potencia cuyo sea el buque que tome los efectos, los pague segun el valor que tendrian en el puerto adonde se dirigiese el propietario, segun lo expresen sus cartas de navegacion: obligandose las dos partes contratantes â no detener los buques mas de lo que sea absolutamente necesario para aprovisionarse, pagar inmediatamente los recibos, y â indemnizar todos los daños qo sufra el propietario â consequencia de semejante suceso. ART. XVII. A fin de evitar entre ambas partes toda especie de disputas y quejas, se ha convenido q en el caso de que una de las dos potencias se hallase empeñada en una guerra, los buques y bastimentos pertenecientes à los subditos ô pueblos de la otra, deberan llevar consigo patentes de mar ô pasaportes que expresen el nombre, la propiedad, y el porte del buque, como tambien el nombre y morada de su dueño y comandante de dicho buque, para que de este modo conste que pertenece real y verdaderamte â los subditos de una de las dos partes contratantes; y que dichos pasaportes deberan expedirse segun el modelo adjunto al presente tratado. Todos los años deberán renovarse estos pasaportes en el caso de que el buque vuelva â su pais en el espacio de un año. Ygualmente se ha convenido en que los buques mencionados arriba, si estuviesen cargados, deberán llevar no solo los pasaportes sino tambien certificados que contengan el pormenor del cargamento, el lugar de donde ha salido el buque, y la declaracion de las mercaderias de contrabando q pudiesen hallarse â bordo, cuyos certificados deberán expedirse en la forma acostumbrada por los oficiales empleados en el lugar de donde el navio se hiciese â la vela, y si se juzgase util y prudente expresar en dichos pasaportes la persona propietaria de las mercaderias se podra hacer libremente, sin cuyos requisitos sera conducido à uno de los puertos de la potencia respectiva, y juzgado por el tribunal competente, con arreglo â lo arriba dicho, para que exâminadas bien las circunstancias de su falta, sea condenado por de buena presa si no satisfaciese legalmente con los testimonios equivalentes en un todo. ART. XVIII. Quando un buque perteneciente à los dichos subditos pueblos y habitantes de una de las dos partes fuese encontrado navegando à lo largo de la costa ô en plena mar por un buque de guerra de la otra ô por un corsario, dicho buque de guerra ô corsario, à fin de evitar todo desorden, se mantendrá fuera del tiro de cañon, y podra enviar su chalupa a bordo del buque mercante, hacer entrar en el dos ô tres hombres â los quales enseñará el patron ô comandante del buque sus pasaportes y demas documentos, que deberan ser conformes â lo pre Consuls. Courts of justice to be open to citizens of each nation. Compensation to be made to citizens of U. S. for illegal captures of vessels by Spanish subjects. made out according to the form inserted in this present treaty, and the ship when she shall have shewed such passports, shall be free and at liberty to pursue her voyage, so as it shall not be lawful to molest or give her chace in any manner, or force her to quit her intended course. ARTICLE XIX. Consuls shall be reciprocally established, with the privileges and powers which those of the most favoured nations enjoy, in the ports where their consuls reside or are permitted to be. ARTICLE XX. It is also agreed that the inhabitants of the territories of each party shall respectively have free access to the courts of justice of the other, and they shall be permitted to prosecute suits for the recovery of their properties, the payment of their debts, and for obtaining satisfaction for the damages which they may have sustained, whether the persons whom they may sue be subjects or citizens of the country in which they may be found, or any other persons whatsoever, who may have taken refuge therein; and the proceedings and sentences of the said courts shall be the same as if the contending parties had been subjects or citizens of the said country. ARTICLE XXI. In order to terminate all differences on account of the losses sustained by the citizens of the United States in consequence of their vessels and cargoes having been taken by the subjects of his Catholic Majesty, during the late war between Spain and France, it is agreed that all such cases shall be referred to the final decision of commis sioners to be appointed in the following manner. His Catholic Majesty shall name one commissioner, and the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of their Senate, shall appoint another, and the said two commissioners shall agree on the choice of a third, or if they cannot agree so, they shall each propose one person, and of the two names so proposed, one shall be drawn by lot in the presence of the two original commissioners, and the person whose name ers to ascertain shall be so drawn, shall be the third commissioner: and the three com Commission the same. missioners so appointed, shall be sworn impartially to examine and decide the claims in question, according to the merits of the several cases, and to justice, equity, and the laws of nations. The said commissioners shall meet and sit at Philadelphia: and in the case of the death, sickness, or necessary absence of any such commissioner, his place shall be supplied in the same manner as he was first appointed, and the new commissioner shall take the same oaths, and do the same duties. They shall receive all complaints and applications authorized by this article, during eighteen months from the day on which they shall assemble. They shall have power to examine all such persons as come before them on oath or affirmation, touching the complaints in question, and also to receive in evidence all written testimony, authenticated in such manner as they shall think proper to require or admit. The award of the said commissioners, or any two of them, shall be final and conclusive, both as to the justice of the claim and the amount of the sum to be paid to the claimants; and his Catholic Majesty undertakes to cause the same to be paid in specie, without deduction, at such times and places, and under such conditions as shall be awarded by the said commissioners. ARTICLE XXII. The two high contracting parties, hopping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them, will be further |