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on them be withheld as a satisfaction or reprisal for any other article, or for any other cause, real or pretended, whatever. That each party shall be allowed to keep a commissary of prisoners of their own appointment, with every separate cantonment of prisoners in possession of the other, which commissary shall see the prisoners as often as he pleases, shall be allowed to receive and distribute whatever comforts may be sent to them by their friends; and shall be free to make his reports in open letters to those who employ him; but if any officer shall break his parole, or any other prisoner shall escape from the limits of his cantonment after they shall have been designated to him, such individual officer or other prisoner shall forfeit so much of the benefit of this article as provides for his enlargement on parole or cantonment. And it is declared, that neither the pretence, that war dissolves all treaties, nor any other whatever shall be considered as annulling or suspending this and the next preceding article; but on the contrary that the state of war is precisely that for which they are provided, and during which they are to be as sacredly observed as the most acknowledged articles in the law of nature and nations.

Consuls, &c. allowed to re

side in the do

minions of the two parties.

Favours granted to others to be extended to the parties.

Limitation of the treaty.

ARTICLE XXV.

The two contracting parties have granted to each other the liberty of having each in the ports of the other, consuls, vice-consuls, agents and commissaries of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers, as those of the most favoured nations. But if any such consuls shall exercise commerce, they shall be submitted to the same laws and usages, to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted in the same place.

ARTICLE XXVI.

If either party shall hereafter grant to any other nation, any particular favour in navigation or commerce, it shall immediately become common to the other party, freely, where it is freely granted to such other nation, or on yielding the same compensation when the grant is conditional.

ARTICLE XXVII.

His Majesty the king of Prussia and the United States of America agree, that this treaty shall be in force during the term of ten years from the exchange of the ratifications; and if the expiration of that term should happen during the course of a war between them, then the articles before provided for the regulation of their conduct during such a war, shall continue in force untill the conclusion of the treaty, which shall restore peace.

This treaty shall be ratified on both sides, and the ratifications exchanged within one year from the day of its signature or sooner if possible.

In testimony whereof the Plenipotentiaries before mentioned, have hereto subscribed their names and affixed their seals. Done at Berlin the eleventh of July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.

(L. S.)

CHARLES GUILLAUME Comte de Finkenstein.
PHILIPPE CHARLES d'Alvensleben.

(L. S.)

(L. S.)

CHRETIEN HENRI CURCE Comte d'Haugwiz.

(L. s.)

qui est accordée au soldat de sa propre armée. Le montant de ces dépenses sera payé par l'autre puissance, d'àpres une liquidation de compte, à arrêter reciproquement pour l'entretien des prisonniers à la fin de la guerre, et ces comptes ne seront point confondus, ou balancés avec d'autres comptes, ni la solde qui en est die, retenue, comme compensation, ou represailles, pour tel autre article, ou telle autre prétension réelle, ou supposée. Il sera permis à chacune des deux puissances d'entretenir un commissaire de leur choix, dans chaque cantonnement des prisonniers, qui sont au pouvoir de l'autre. Čes commissaires auront la liberté de visiter les prisonniers, aussi souvent qu'ils le désireront, ils pourront également recevoir et distribuer les douceurs, que les parens ou amis des prisonniers, leur feront parvenir; enfin il leur sera libre encore, de faire leurs rapports par lettres ouvertes, à ceux qui les employent. Mais si un officier manquoit à sa parole d'honneur, ou qu'un autre prisonnier sortit des limites, qui auront été fixées à son cantonnement, un tel officier ou autre prisonnier sera frustré individuellement des avantages stipulés dans cet article pour sa relaxation sur parole d'honneur, ou pour son cantonnement. Les deux puissances contractantes ont declarés en outre, que ni le pretexte que la guerre rompt les traités, ni tel autre motif quelconque, ne sera censé annuller, ou suspendre cet article, et le precédént, mais qu'au contraire le tems de la guerre est précisément celui pour lequel ils ont été stipulés, et durant lequel ils seront observés aussi saintement, que les articles les plus universellement reconnus par le droit de la nature et des gens.

ARTICLE XXV.

Les deux parties contractantes, se sont accordé mutuellement la faculté de tenir dans leurs ports respectifs des consuls, vice-consuls, agens, et commissaires de leurs choix, et ils y jouïront des mêmes privilèges et pouvoirs dont jouissent ceux des nations les plus favorisées. Mais dans le cas où tel ou autre de ses consuls veuille faire le commerce, il sera soumis aux mêmes lois et usages auxquels sont soumis les particuliers de sa nation à l'endroit où il réside.

ARTICLE XXVI.

Lorsque l'une des deux parties contractantes accordera dans la suite quelque faveur particulière en fait de navigation ou de commerce à d'autres nations, elle deviendra aussitôt commune à l'autre partie contractante, et celle-ci jouïra de cette faveur gratuitement, si la concession est gratuite, ou en accordant la même compensation si la concession est conditionelle.

ARTICLE XXVII.

Sa Majesté le Roi de Prusse et les Etats Unis de l'Amérique sont convenus que le présent traité aura son plein effet pendant l'espace de dix années à compter du jour de l'échange des ratifications, et que si l'expiration de ce terme arrivoit dans le cours d'une guerre entr'eux, les articles ci-dessus stipulés pour règler leur conduite en tems de guerre conserveront toute leur force jusqu'à la conclusion du traité qui rétablira la paix.

Le présent traité sera ratifié de part et d'autre, et les ratifications seront échangées dans l'espace d'une année à compter du jour de la signature, ou plutôt si faire se peut.

En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires sus nommés ont signé le présent traité et y ont apposé le cachet de leurs armes. Fait à Berlin le onze Juillet, l'an mille sept cents quatre-vingt dix-neuf.

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Captured public ships to be restored.

CONVENTION

Between the French Republic and the United States of
America. (a)

THE Premier Consul of the French Republic in the name of the people of France, and the President of the United States of America, equally desirous to terminate the differences which have arisen between the two States, have respectively appointed their plenipotentiaries, and given them full powers to treat upon those differences, and to terminate the same; that is to say, the Premier Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the people of France, has appointed for the Plenipotentiaries of the said republic, the Citizens Joseph Bonaparte, ex-ambassador at Rome and Counsellor of State; Charles Pierre Claret Fleurieu, member of the National Institute, and of the Board of Longitude, of France, and Counsellor of State, President of the Section of Marine; and Pierre Louis Roederer, Member of the National Institute of France, and Counsellor of State, President of the Section of the Interior; and the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, has appointed for their Plenipotentiaries, Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the United States, William Richardson Davie, late Governor of the State of North-Carolina, and William Vans Murray, Minister resident of the United States at the Hague; who, after having exchanged their full powers, and after full and mature discussion of the respective interests, have agreed on the following articles.

ARTICLE I. There shall be a firm, inviolable, and universal peace, and a true and sincere friendship between the French Republic and the United States of America; and,between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns and people, without exception of persons or places.

ART. II. (b) The Ministers Plenipotentiary of the two parties not being able to agree at present respecting the treaty of alliance of 6th February 1778, the treaty of amity and commerce of the same date, and the convention of 14th of November, 1788, nor upon the indemnities mutually due or claimed; the parties will negociate further on these subjects at a convenient time, and until they may have agreed upon these points, the said treaties and convention shall have no operation, and the relations of the two countries shall be regulated as follows.

ART. III. The public ships, which have been taken on one part and the other, or which may be taken before the exchange of ratifications, shall be restored.

ART. IV. Property captured, and not yet definitively condemned, or which may be captured before the exchange of ratifications (contraband goods destined to an enemy's port excepted) shall be mutually restored

(a) For the treaties and conventions between the United States and France, see page 6. Notes of the decisions of the Courts of the United States on the treaties of 1778 and 1783, ante 12. (b) This article was expunged before the final ratification of the treaty, and the following article was added:

"It is agreed that the present convention shall be in force for the term of eight years from the time of the exchange of ratifications."

CONVENTION

Entre la République Française et les Etats-Unis

d'Amérique.

LE PREMIER CONSUL de la République Française au nom du Peuple Français, et le PRESIDENT des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, également animés du désir de mettre fin aux différends qui sont survenus entre les deux Etats, ont respectivement nommé leurs Plénipotentiaires, et leur ont donné pleinpouvoir pour négocier sur ces différends et les terminer; c'est à dire, le PREMIER CONSUL de la République Française, au nom du Peuple Française, a nommé pour plénipotentiaires da la dite République, les Citoyens Joseph Bonaparte, ex-ambassadeur de la République Français à Rome et Conseiller d'Etat, Charles Pierre Claret Fleurieu, membre de l'Institut National et du Bureau des Longitudes de France, et Conseiller d'Etat, Président de la Section de la Marine, et Pierre Louis Roederer, membre de l'Institut National de France, et Conseiller d'Etat, President de la Section de l'Intérieur; et le PRESIDENT des Etats-Unis, d'Amérique, par et avec l'avis et le consentement du Sénat des dits Etats, a nommé pour leurs Plénipotentiaires, Olivier Ellsworth, Chef de la Justice des Etats-Unis; William Richardson Davie, ci-devant Gouverneur de l'Etat de la Caroline septentrionale, et William Vans Murray, Ministre résident des Etats-Unis à la Haye.

Lesquels, aprés avoir fait l'éxchange de leurs pleins-pouvoirs longuement et murement discuté les Intérêts respectifs, sont convenus des articles suivans.

ARTICLE I. Il y aura une paix ferme, inviolable et universelle, et une amitié vraie et sincère, entre la République Française et les EtatsUnis d'Amérique, ainsi qu'entre leurs pays, territoires, villes et places, et entre leurs citoyens et habitants, sans exception de personnes ni de lieux.

ART. II. Les Ministres Plénipotentiaires des deux parties ne pouvant pour le présent s'accorder relativement au Traité d'Alliance du 6 Février 1778, au Traité d'Amitié et de commerce de la même date, et à la Convention en date du 14 Novembre 1788, non plus que relativement aux indemnités mutuellement dues ou réclamées, les parties négocieront ultérieurement sur ces objets, dans un tems convenable: et jusqu'à ce qu'elles se soyent accordées sur ces points, les dits Traités et convention n'auront point d'Effet, et les relations des deux Nations seront réglées ainsi qui'il suit.

ART. III. Les Bâtimens d'Etats qui ont été pris de part et d'autre, ou qui pourraient être pris avant l'échange des ratifications seront

rendus.

ART. IV. Les propriétés capturées et non encore condamnées définitivement, ou qui pourront être capturées avant l'échange des ratifications, excepté les marchandises de contrabande destinées pour un port ennemi,

180

Captured pro- on the following proofs of ownership; viz. The proof on both sides
perty, if not de- with respect to merchant ships, whether armed or unarmed, shall be a
finitively con-
passport in the form following:
demned, to be
restored.

Form of the passport to merchant ships.

See treaty of 1778, article 25, ante, 26.

Proof of captured vessels

restored.

spect to cargo.

"To all who shall see these presents,

GREETING:

"It is hereby made known that leave and permission has been given
master and commander of the ship called

burthen

tons, or thereand after that his

to
of the town of
abouts, lying at present in the port and haven of
and laden with
bound for
ship has been visited, and before sailing, he shall make oath before the
officers who have the jurisdiction of maritime affairs, that the said ship
belongs to one or more of the subjects of

the

act whereof shall be put at the end of these presents, as likewise that he will keep, and cause to be kept by his crew on board, the marine ordinances and regulations, and enter in the proper office a list, signed and witnessed, containing the names and surnames, the places of birth and abode of the crew of his ship, and of all who shall embark on board her; whom he shall not take on board without the knowledge and permission of the officers of the marine, and in every port or haven where he shall enter with his ship, he shall shew this present leave to the officers and judges of the marine, and shall give a faithful account to them of what passed and was done during his voyage; and he shall carry the colours, arms and ensigns of the [French republic or the In witness whereof we have signed United States] during his voyage. the these presents, and put the seal of our arms thereunto, and caused the same to be countersigned by

day of

at

anno Domini.”

And this passport will be sufficient without any other paper, any ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding: which passport shall not be deemed requisite to have been renewed or recalled, whatever number shall of voyages the said ship may have made, unless she shall have returned cargo Proof with re- home within the space of a year.-Proof with respect to the be certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, the place whence the ship sailed and whither she is bound, so that the forbidden and contraband goods may be distinguished by the certificates; which certificates shall have been made out by the officers of the place whence the ship set sail, in the accustomed form of the country. And if such passport or certificates, or both, shall have been destroyed by accident or taken away by force, their deficiency may be supplied by such other proofs of ownership, as are admissible by the general usage of nations. Proof with respect to other than merchant ships shall be the commission they bear.

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This article shall take effect from the date of the signature of the present convention. And if, from the date of the said signature, any property shall be condemned contrary to the intent of the said convention, before the knowledge of this stipulation shall be obtained, the property so condemned shall without delay be restored or paid for.

ART. V. The debts contracted by one of the two nations with individuals of the other, or by the individuals of one with the individuals of the other, shall be paid, or the payment may be prosecuted in the same manner as if there had been no misunderstanding between the two states. But this clause shall not extend to indemnities claimed on account of captures or confiscations.

ART. VI. Commerce between the parties shall be free. The vessels of the two nations and their privateers, as well as their prizes, shall be treated in their respective ports as those of the nation the most favoured; and, in general, the two parties shall enjoy in the ports of each other,

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