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Confiscation of goods laden

on board of an

after war is declared.

taken out of that free ship, unless they are soldiers and in actual service of the enemy.

ART. XV. On the contrary, it is agreed, that whatever shall be found to be laden by the citizens of either party on any ship belonging to the enemy's vessel enemies of the other, or their citizens, shall be confiscated without distinction of goods, contraband or not contraband, in the same manner as if it belonged to the enemy, except such goods and merchandizes as were put on board such ship before the declaration of war, or even after such declaration, if so be it were done without knowledge of such declaration; so that the goods of the citizens of either party, whether they be of the nature of such as are prohibited, or otherwise, which, as is aforesaid, were put on board any ship belonging to an enemy, before the war, or after the declaration of the same, without the knowledge of it, shall no ways be liable to confiscation, but shall well and truly be restored without delay to the proprietors demanding the same; but so as that if the said merchandizes be contraband, it shall not be any ways lawful to carry them afterwards to any ports belonging to the enemy. The two contracting parties agree, that the term of two months being passed after the declaration of war, their respective citizens, from whatever part of the world they come, shall not plead the ignorance mentioned in this article.

Passports to be exhibited, and

also certificates of the quality of goods.

In time of war the ships of the

neutral nation to be furnished with passports mentioned in the fourth article.

If contraband goods found on board are delivered up, the ship may pur

sue her voyage.

ART. XVI. The merchant ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, which shall be bound to port of the enemy of one of the parties, and concerning whose voyage, and the articles of their cargo, there shall be just grounds of suspicion, shall be obliged to exhibit, as well upon the high seas as in the ports or roads, not only their passports, but likewise their certificates, showing that their goods are not of the quality of those which are specified to be contraband in the thirteenth article of the present convention.

ART. XVII. And that captures on light suspicions may be avoided, and injuries thence arising prevented, it is agreed, that when one party shall be engaged in war, and the other party be neuter, the ships of the neutral party shall be furnished with passports similar to that described in the fourth article, that it may appear thereby that the ships really belong to the citizens of the neutral party; they shall be valid for any number of voyages, but shall be renewed every year, that is, if the ship happens to return home in the space of a year. If the ships are laden, they shall be provided not only with the passports above mentioned, but also with certificates similar to those described in the same article, so that it may be known whether they carry any contraband goods. No other paper shall be required, any usage or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. And if it shall not appear from the said certificates that there are contraband goods on board, the ships shall be permitted to proceed on their voyage. If it shall appear from the certificates, that there are contraband goods on board any such ship, and the commander of the same shall offer to deliver them up, the offer shall be accepted, and the ship shall be at liberty to pursue its voyage, unless the quantity of the contraband goods be greater than can conveniently be received on board the ship of war or privateer, in which case the ship may be carried into port, for the delivery of the same.

If any ship shall not be furnished with such passport or certificates as are above required for the same, such case may be examined by a pro

seraient ennemies de l'une de deux parties contractantes, et elles ne pourront être enlevées des dits navires libres, à moins qu'elles ne soyent militaires et actuellement au service de l'ennemi.

ART. XV. On est convenu, au contraire que tout ce qui se trouvera chargé par les citoyens respectifs, sur des navires appartenant aux ennemis de l'autre partie ou à leurs sujets, sera confisqué, sans distinctions des marchandises prohibées ou non prohibées, ainsi et de même que si elles appartenaient à l'ennemi, à l'exception toutefois des effets et marchandises qui auront été mis à bord des dits navires avant la declaration de guerre, ou même après la dite declaration, si, au moment du chargement, on a pu l'ignorer; de manière que les marchandises des citoyens des deux parties, soit qu'elles se trouvent du nombre de celles de contrebande ou autrement, lesquelles, comme il vient d'ètre dit, auront été mises à bord d'un vaisseau appartenant à l'ennemi avant la guerre, ou même après la dite déclaration lorsqu'on l'ignorait, ne seront, en aucune manière, sujettes à confiscation, mais seront fidèlement et de bonne foi rendues, sans délai, à leurs propriétaires qui les réclameront; bien entendu néanmoins qu'il ne soit pas permis de porter dans les ports ennemis les marchandises qui seront de contrebande. Les deux parties contractantes conviennent que le terme de deux mois passé depuis la déclaration de guerre, leurs citoyens respectifs, de quelque partie du monde qu'ils viennent, ne pourront plus alléguer l'ignorance dont il est question dans le présent article.

ART. XVI. Les navires marchands appartenant à des citoyens de l'une ou d'autre des deux parties contractantes, lorsqu'ils voudront passer dans le port de l'ennemi de l'une des deux parties, et que leur voyage ainsi que les effets de leur cargaison pourront donner de justes soupçons, les dits navires seront obligés d'exhiber en pleine mer, comme dans les ports ou rades, non seulement leurs passeports, mais encore leurs certificats prouvant que ces effets ne sont point de la même espèce que ceux de contrebande spécifiés dans l'article treize de la présente convention.

ART. XVII. Et afin d'éviter des captures sur des soupçons frivoles, et de prévenir les dommages qui en résultent, il est convenu que, quand une des deux parties sera en guerre et l'autre neutre, les navires de la partie neutre seront pourvus de passeports semblables à ceux spécifiés dans l'article quatre, de maniére qu'il puisse par là apparaitre que les navires appartiennent véritablement à la partie neutre. Ces passeports seront valides pour un nombre quelconque de voyages; mais il seront renouvellés chaque année, si le navire retourne chez lui dans l'espace d'une année. Si ces navires sont chargés, ils seront pourvus non seulement des passeports sus mentionnés mais aussi de certificats semblables à ceux mentionnés au même article, de manière que l'on puisse connaitre s'il y a à bord des marchandises de contrebande. Il ne sera exigé aucune autre pièce, non obstant tous usages et règlemens contraires; et s'il n'apparait pas par ces certificats qu'il y ait des marchandises de contrebande à bord, les navires seront laissés à leur destination. Si, au contraire, il apparait, par ces certificats, que les dits navires ayent des marchandises de contrebande à bord, et que le commandant offre de les délivrer, l'offre sera acceptée, et le navire sera remis en liberté de poursuivre son voyage; à moins que la quantité de marchandises de contrebande ne soit trop grande pour pouvoir être prise convenablement à bord du vaisseau de guerre ou corsaire; dans ce cas le navire pourra ètre amené dans le port pour y délivrer la dite marchandise.

Si un navire est trouvé sans avoir le passeport ou les certificats cidessus exigés, l'affaire sera examinée par les juges ou tribunaux com

If there is no
passport and
other proof of
the neutrality
of the vessel, no

condemnation.

If master of the vessel dies, the ship and cargo shall be

secure.

Ships of either
nation if ex-

amined at sea,
boats to be sent,

or privateers to
remain out of
cannon shot.

per judge or tribunal, and if it shall appear from other documents or proofs, admissible by the usage of nations, that the ship belongs to the citizens of the neutral party, it shall not be confiscated, but shall be released with her cargo (contraband goods excepted) and be permitted to proceed on her voyage.

If the master of a ship, named in the passport, should happen to die or be removed by any other cause, and another put in his place, the ship and cargo shall nevertheless be equally secure, and the passport remain in full force.

ART. XVIII. If the ships of the citizens of either of the parties shall be met with, either sailing along the coasts, or on the high seas, by any ship of war or privateer of the other; for the avoiding of any disorder, the and ships of war said ships of war or privateers shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send their boats on board the merchant ship which they shall so meet with, and may enter her to the number of two or three men only, to whom the master or commander of such ship shall exhibit his passport concerning the property of the ship, made out according to the form prescribed in the fourth article. And it is expressly agreed that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel for the purpose of exhibiting his papers, or for any other examination whatever.

Ships under

convoy not to
be examined.

Receipts to be given for the papers of captured vessels.

ART. XIX. It is expressly agreed by the contracting parties, that the stipulations above mentioned, relative to the conduct to be observed on the sea by the cruisers of the belligerent party towards the ships of the neutral party, shall be applied only to ships sailing without convoy; and when the said ships shall be convoyed, it being the intention of the parties to observe all the regard due to the protection of the flag displayed by public ships, it shall not be lawful to visit them: but the verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, that the ships he convoys belong to the nation whose flag he carries, and that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be considered by the respective cruisers as fully sufficient: the two parties reciprocally engaging not to admit under the protection of their convoys, ships which shall carry contraband goods destined to an enemy.

ART. XX. In all cases where vessels shall be captured, or detained under pretence of carrying to the enemy contraband goods, the captor shall give a receipt for such of the papers of the vessel as he shall retain, which receipt shall be annexed to a descriptive list of the said papers and it shall be unlawful to break up or open the hatches, chests, trunks, casks, bales, or vessels, found on board, or remove the smallest part of the goods, unless the lading be brought on shore in presence of the competent officers, and an inventory be made by them of the said goods. Nor shall it be lawful to sell, exchange or alienate the same in any manner, unless there shall have been lawful process, and the competent judge or judges shall have pronounced against such condemnation. goods sentence of confiscation, saving always the ship and the other goods which it contains.

Sale of captured vessels not to be made without lawful

The master, commander or supercargo not to be removed.

ART. XXI. And that proper care may be taken of the vessel and cargo, and embezzlement prevented, it is agreed that it shall not be lawful to remove the master, commander or supercargo of any captured ship from on board thereof, either during the time the ship may be at sea after her capture, or pending the proceedings against her, or her cargo, or any thing relative thereto. And in all cases where a vessel of the citizens of either party shall be captured, or seized, and held for adjudication, her officers, passengers and crew shall be hospitably

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pétens; et s'il conste par d'autres documens ou preuves admissibles par l'usage des nations, que le navire appartient à des citoyens de la partie neutre, il ne sera pas condamné, et il sera remis en liberte avec son chargement, la contrebande exceptée, et aura la liberté de poursuivre

sa route.

Si le capitaine nommé dans le passeport du navire venait à mourir, ou à être oté par toute autre cause, et qu'un autre fut nommé à sa place, le navire et sa cargaison n'en seront pas moins en sûreté, et le passeport demeurera dans toute sa force.

ART. XVIII. Si les bâtimens des citoyens de l'une ou l'autre nation sont rencontrés le long des cotes, ou en pleine mer, par quelques vaisseaux de guerre ou corsaires de l'autre; pour prévenir tout désordre, les dits vaisseaux ou corsaires se tiendront hors de la portée du canon et enverront leur canot à bord du navire marchand qu'ils auront rencontré : ils n'y pourront entrer qu'au nombre de deux ou trois hommes, et demander au patron ou capitaine du dit navire, exhibition du passeport concernant la propriété du dit navire, fait d'après la formule prescrite dans l'article quatre, ainsi que les certificats sus mentionnés relatifs à la cargaison. Il est expressément convenu que le neutre ne pourra être contraint d'aller à bord du vaisseau visitant pour y faire l'exhibition demandée des papiers ou pour toute autre information quel

conque.

ART. XIX. Il est expressément convenu par les parties contractantes, que les stipulations ci-dessus, relatives à la conduite qui sera tenue à la mer par les croiseurs de la partie belligérante, envers les bâtimens de la partie neutre, ne s'appliqueront qu'aux bâtimens naviguant sans convoi ; et dans le cas où les dits bâtimens seraient convoyés, l'intention des parties étant d'observer tous les égards dus à la protection du pavillon aboré sur les vaisseaux publics, on ne pourra point en faire la visite. Mais la déclaration verbale du commandant de l'escorte, que les navires de son convoi appartiennent à la nation dont ils portent le pavillon, et qu'ils n'ont aucune contrabande à bord, sera regardée par les croiseurs respectifs comme pleinement suffisante; les deux parties s'engageant réciproquement à ne point admettre sous la protection de leur convoi, des bâtimens qui porteraient des marchandises prohibées à une destination ennemie.

ART. XX. Dans le cas où les bâtimens seront pris ou arrêtés, sous prétexte de porter à l'ennemi quelqu'article de contrebande, le capteur donnera un reçu des papiers du bâtiment qu'il retiendra, lequel reçu sera joint à une liste énonciative des dits papiers: il ne sera point permis de forcer ni d'ouvrir les écoutilles, coffres, caisses, caissons, balles, ou vases trouvés à bord du dit navire, ni d'enlever la moindre chose des effets, avant que la cargaison ait été débarquée en présence des officiers compétens, qui feront un inventaire des dits effet; ils ne pourront, en aucune manière être vendus, échangés ou aliénés, à moins qu'aprés une procédure légale, le juge ou les juges compétens n'ayent porté contre les dits effets sentence de confiscation (en exceptant toujours le navire et les autres objets qu'il contient.)

ART. XXI. Pour que le bâtiment et la cargaison soyent surveillés avec soin, et pour empêcher les dégâts, il est arrêté que le patron, capitaine ou subrecargue du navire capturé, ne pourront être éloignés du bord, soit pendant que le navire sera en mer, aprés avoir été pris, soit pendant les procédures qui pourront avoir lieu contre lui, sa cargaison ou quelque chose y relative.

Dans le cas où le navire appartenant à des citoyens de l'une ou de l'autre partie serait pris, saisi et retenu pour être jugé, ses officiers,

Treatment of crew and passengers.

Prizes to be condemned by established prize courts.

Damages by men of war or privateers to be paid.

Commanders

of privateers to give security.

Armed vessels

and prizes not to pay duties, and not to be examined.

Restrictions on foreign priva

teers.

treated. They shall not be imprisoned or deprived of any part of their wearing apparel, nor of the possession and use of their money, not exceeding for the captain, supercargo and mate five hundred dollars each, and for the sailors and passengers, one hundred dollars each.

ART. XXII. It is further agreed, that in all cases, the established courts for prize causes, in the country to which the prizes may be conducted, shall alone take cognizance of them. And whenever such tribunal of either of the parties shall pronounce judgment against any vessel or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reasons or motives on which the same shall have been founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, and of all the proceedings in the case, shall if demanded be delivered to the commander or agent of the said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same.

ART. XXIII. And that more abundant care may be taken for the security of the respective citizens of the contracting parties, and to prevent their suffering injuries by the men of war or privateers of either party, all commanders of ships of war and privateers, and all others the said citizens, shall forbear doing any damage to those of the other party, or committing any outrage against them, and if they act to the contrary they shall be punished, and shall also be bound in their persons and estates to make satisfaction and reparation for all damages and the interest thereof, of whatever nature the said damages may be.

For this cause all commanders of privateers, before they receive their commissions, shall hereafter be obliged to give before a competent judge, sufficient security by at least two responsible sureties, who have no interest in the said privateer, each of whom, together with the said commander shall be jointly and severally bound in the sum of seven thousand dollars or thirty six thousand eight hundred and twenty francs, or if such ships be provided with above one hundred and fifty seamen or soldiers, in the sum of fourteen thousand dollars or seventy three thousand six hundred and forty francs, to satisfy all damages and injuries, which the said privateer, or her officers, or men, or any of them, may do or commit during their cruise, contrary to the tenor of this convention, or to the laws and instructions for regulating their conduct; and further, that in all cases of aggression the said commission shall be revoked and annulled.

ART. XXIV. When the ships of war of the two contracting parties, or those belonging to their citizens which are armed in war, shall be admitted to enter with their prizes the ports of either of the two parties, the said public or private ships as well as their prizes, shall not be obliged to pay any duty either to the officers of the place, the judges or any others; nor shall such prizes, when they come to and enter the ports of either party, be arrested or seized, nor shall the officers of the place make examination concerning the lawfulness of such prizes; but they may hoist sail at any time and depart and carry their prizes to the places expressed in their commissions, which the commanders of such ships of war shall be obliged to shew. It is always understood that the stipulations of this article shall not extend beyond the privileges of the most favored nation.

ART. XXV. It shall not be lawful for any foreign privateers who have commissions from any prince or state in enmity with either nation, to fit their ships in the ports of either nation, to sell their prizes, or in any manner to exchange them; neither shall they be allowed to purchase provisions, except such as shall be necessary for their going to the next

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