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Embargo, detention; compensation for.

Citizens exempted from service, &c.

Citizens seek

ing refuge in the harbors, &c.

Delivery of vessels, &c. captured by pirates.

Shipwrecks, &c.

Succession to

personal estate, and disposal thereof.

absolute freedom shall be allowed in all cases to the buyer and seller to bargain and fix the prices of any goods, wares, or merchandise imported into, or exported from, the United Mexican States, as they may think proper; observing the laws, usages, and customs of the country. The citizens of Mexico shall enjoy the same privileges in the States and Territories of the United States of America, being subject to the same conditions.

ARTICLE VIII. The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor shall their vessels, cargoes, merchandise, or effects, be detained for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatsoever, without a corresponding compensation.

ARTICLE IX. The citizens of both countries, respectively, shall be exempt from compulsory service in the army or navy; nor shall they be subjected to any other charges, or contributions, or taxes, than such as are paid by the citizens of the States in which they reside.

ARTICLE X. Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, with the precautions which may be deemed expedient on the part of the respective Governments in order to avoid fraud, giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their vessels, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage without obstacle or hindrance of any kind.

ARTICLE XI. All vessels, merchandise, or effects, belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction, or on the high seas, and may be carried into or found in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due and proper form, their rights before the competent tribunal; it being well understood that the claim shall be made within one year, counting from the capture of said vessels or merchandise, by the parties themselves, or their attorneys, or by the agents of the respective Governments.

ARTICLE XII. When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage on the coasts or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to it all the assistance and protection in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens; permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandise effects, with the precautions which may be deemed expedient on the part of the respective Governments, in order to avoid fraud, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, untill they be exported.

ARTICLE XIII. In whatever relates to the succession of [personal] estates, either by will or ab intestato [and the right of] disposal of such property, of whatever sort or denomination it may be, by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, the citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy, in their respective States and Territories, the same privileges, exemptions, liberties, and rights, as 'native citizens; and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with other or higher duties or imposts, than those which are now, or may

absoluta en todos los casos al comprador ó vendedor para ajustar y fijar el precio de cualesquiera efectos, articulos ó mercancias importadas ó esportadas de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, como lo crean conveniente; observando las leyes, usos y costumbres establecidas en el pais. Los ciudadanos de Mexico gozarán los mismos privilegios en los Estados y Territorios de los Estados Unidos de America, quedando sugetos á las mismas condiciones.

ARTICULO VIII. Los ciudadanos de las partes contratantes no estarán sugetos á embargo, ni sus buques, cargamentos, mercancias ó efectos serán detenidos para ninguna espedicion militar, ni para ningun otro objeto público ó privado, cualquiera que sea, sin una compensacion correspondiente.

ARTICULO IX. Los ciudadanos de ambos paises respectivamente, estarán ecsentos de todo servicio militar forzoso en el ejercito ó armada; ni estarán sugetos á ningunas otras cargas, contribuciones ó impuestos, que aquellas que son pagadas por los ciudadanos de los Estados en que residen.

ARTICULO X. Siempre que los ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes se vean precisados à buscar refugio ó asilo en los rios, bahias, puertos ó dominios de la otra con sus buques, ya sean mercantes, ó de guerra, ó armados en corso, á causa de un temporal persecucion de piratas ó enemigos, serán recibidos y tratados con humanidad, previas las precauciones que se juzgen convenientes por parte del respectivo Gobierno para evitar el fraude, concediendoles todo favor y proteccion para reparar sus buques, procurar provisiones y ponerse en estado de continuar su viaje, sin obstaculo ó impedimento de ninguna

clase.

ARTICULO XI. Todo buque, mercancia y efectos, pertenecientes á ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, que sean apresados por piratas, ya sea dentro de los limites de su jurisdiccion ó en alta mar, y que fueren conducidos ó encontrados en los rios, bahias, puertos ó dominios de la otra, serán entregados á sus dueños, provando estos en debida forma sus derechos ante el tribunal competente; bien entendido que el reclamo deberá hacerse dentro del termino de un año contado desde la captura de dichos buques ó mercancias, por los mismos interesados, sus apoderados ó por los agentes de sus Gobiernos respectivos.

ARTICULO XII. Cuando algun buque perteneciente á ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, naufrague, vaya á pique, ó sufra cualquiera averia, en las costas ó dentro de los dominios de la otra, se le dispensará toda la asistencia y proteccion, del mismo modo que es de uso y costumbre con los buques de la nacion en que acontece el daño; permitiendoles descargar las mercancias y efectos del mismo buque si fuere necesario con las precauciones que se estimen convenientes por parte de los Gobiernos respectivos, para evitar el fraude, sin ecsigir por ello ningun impuesto ó contribucion cualquiera que sean, hasta que sean esportadas.

ARTICULO XIII. Por lo que toca á la sucesion de las propiedades personales por testamento ó ab-intestato, y al derecho de disponer de la propiedad personal de cualquiera clase ó denominacion, por venta, donacion, permuta ó testamento, ó de otro modo cualquiera los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes gozarán en sus respectivos Estados y Territorios los mismos privilegios, ecsenciones, libertades y derechos que si fueran ciudadanos nativos; y no se les cargará en ninguno de estos puntos ó casos, mayores impuestos ó derechos que los que pagan ó en

Persons and property to be protected.

Security as to religion in Mex

ico.

In the United States.

Security to vessels sailing to and from an enemy's port.

hereafter be paid by the citizens of the Power in whose territories they may reside.

ARTICLE XIV. Both the contracting parties promise and engage to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in their territories, subject to the jurisdiction of the one or of the other, transient or dwelling therein; leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and the citizens of either party, or their agents, shall enjoy, in every respect, the same rights and privileges, either in prosecuting or defending their rights of person or of property, as the citizens of the country where the cause may be tried.

ARTICLE XV. The citizens of the United States of America, residing in the United Mexican States, shall enjoy in their houses, persons, and properties, the protection of the Government, with the most perfect security and liberty of conscience: they shall not be disturbed or molested, in any manner, on account of their religion, so long as they respect the Constitution, the laws, and established usages of the country where they reside; and they shall also enjoy the privilege of burying the dead in places which now are, or may hereafter be assigned for that purpose; nor shall the funerals or sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in any manner, nor under any pretext.

The citizens of the United Mexican States shall enjoy, throughout all the States and Territories of the United States of America, the same protection; and shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, in public or in private, either within their own houses, or in the chapels or places of worship set apart for that purpose.

ARTICLE XVI. It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America, and of the United Mexican States respectively, to sail with their vessels with all manner of security and liberty, no distinction being made who are the owners of the merchandise laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are, or may hereafter be at enmity with the United States of America, or with the United Mexican States. It shall likewise be lawful for the aforesaid citizens respectively to sail with their vessels and merchandise, before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, before mentioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same Government or under several; and it is hereby stipulated that free ships shall also give freedom to goods; and that every thing shall be deemed free and exempt which shall be found on board the vessels belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading or any part thereof should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being Free ship, free always excepted. It is also agreed that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free vessel, so that, although they be enemies to either party, they shall not be made prisoners, or taken out of that free vessel, unless they are soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemy. By the stipulation that the flag shall cover the property, the two contracting parties agree that this shall be so understood with respect to those powers who recognise this principle; but if either of the

Free ship, free goods.

persons.

Limitation of the principle.

adelante pagaren los ciudadanos nativos de la Potencia en cuyo territorio residan.

ARTICULO XIV. Ambas partes contratantes prometen y formalmente se obligan á conceder su especial proteccion á las personas y propiedades de los ciudadanos de cada una de ellas, en todas clases que puedan ecsistir en sus territorios sugetos á la jurisdiccion de la una ó de la otra, transeuntes ó radicados en ellos; dejandoles abiertos y libres los tribunales de justicia para sus recursos judiciales, de la misma manera que es uso y costumbre con los nacionales ó ciudadanos del pais en que residan; á cuyo efecto podrán emplear en defensa de sus derechos, los abogados, procuradores, escrivanos, agentes y factores que juzgen á proposito en todos sus juicios: y dichos ciudadanos ó sus agentes gozarán en todo, los mismos derechos y privilegios en la prosecucion ó defensa de sus personas ó propiedades que disfrutan los ciudadanos del pais en donde la causa sea seguida.

ARTICULO XV. Los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America residentes en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, gozarán en sus casas, personas y propiedades, de la proteccion del Gobierno y continuando en la posesion en que están; no serán alterados, inquietados ni molestados, de ninguna manera por motivos de su religion, con tal que respeten la de la nacion en que residan, y la Constitucion, leyes, usos y costumbres de esta; asi mismo continuarán en la facultad de que gozan para enterrar en los lugares señalados ó que en adelante se señalaren á este objeto, á los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America que mueran en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; y los funerales y sepulcros de los muertos no serán turbados de modo alguno, ni por ningun pretesto.

Los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos gozarán en todos los Estados y Territorios de los Estados Unidos de America, de la misma proteccion; y podrán ejercer libremente su religion en público ó en privado dentro de sus casas ó en los templos y lugares destinados al culto.

ARTICULO XVI. Será permitido á todos y cada uno de los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America, y de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos poder navegar libre y seguramente con sus embarcaciones sin que haya la menor escepcion por este respecto aunque los propietarios de las mercaderias cargadas en dichas embarcaciones procedan de cualquiera puerto, y sean destinadas á cualquiera plaza de una potencia enemiga, ó que lo sea despues, asi de los Estados Unidos de America, como de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Se permitirá igualmente á los ciudadanos respectivamente navegar con sus buques y mercaderias y frecuentar con igual libertad y seguridad las plazas y puertos en las potencias enemigas de las partes contratantes, ó de una de ellas, sin oposicion ú obstaculo, y de comerciar no solo desde los puertos de dicho enemigo, á un puerto neutro directamente, sino tambien desde un enemigo á otro tal, bien se encuentre bajo su jurisdiccion, ó bajo las de muchos; y se estipula tambien que los buques libres asegurarán igualmente la libertad de las mercancias; y que se juzgarán libres todos los efectos que se hallasen á bordo de los buques que perteneciesen á ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, aun cuando el cargamento por entero, ó parte de él fuese de los enemigos de una de las dos, bien entendido sin embargo que el contrabando se esceptua siempre. Se há convenido asi mismo que la propia libertad gozarán los sugetos que puedan encontrarse á bordo del buque libre, aun cuando fuesen enemigos de una de las dos partes contratantes; y por lo tanto no se podrá hacerlos prisioneros ni separarlos de dichos buques, á menos que sean militares, y estén á la sazon empleados en el servicio del enemigo. Por la estipulacion de que la bandera cubre la propiedad, han convenido las dos partes con

two contracting parties shall be at war with a third party, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose Governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others.

Where neutral flag protects enemy's property, &c.

Contraband goods excepted

and defined.

Blockade,

what.

Contraband

cation.

Vessel not to be detained, unless, &c.

ARTICLE XVII. It is likewise agreed that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemies' vessels shall be held and considered as enemies' property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards if it were done without the knowledge of it: but the contracting parties agree that four months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof; on the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy's property, in that case the goods and merchandises embarked in such enemy's vessel shall be free.

ARTICLE XVIII. This liberty of commerce and navigation shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband; and under this name of contraband or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended, first, cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fusees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberts; and granades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms: secondly, bucklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in a military form, and for a military use; thirdly, cavalry belts and horses with their furniture; fourthly, and generally, all kinds of arms, and instruments of iron, steel, brass and copper or of any other materials manufactured, prepared and formed. expressly to make war by sea or land.

ARTICLE XIX. All other merchandise and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband expressly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blockaded; and to avoid all doubt in that particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded, which are actually besieged or blockaded by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral.

ARTICLE XX. The articles of contraband before enumerated and liable to confis classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy's port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the vessel, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessels of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great and of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing vessel without great inconvenience; but in this, and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port for trial and judgment, according to law.

Notice of blockade.

ARTICLE XXI. And, whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy without knowing that the

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