Adams, John: defends soldiers
tried for Boston massacre, 130;
opinions on American desire for
independence, 185, 187, 222, 223,
492 propositions at Congress of
Philadelphia, 206; on opposition
to independence, 245; share in
the Declaration, 246; on regula-
tion of prices, 290; commissioner
to Paris, 302, 426; want of tact,
427; negotiates Dutch loan, 462;
represents America in peace ne-
gotiations (1782), 465; on mer-
cantile debts to British citizens,
468; Franklin's comment on his
conduct in France, 495; refer-
ences on his French mission, 496;
attitude in the French mission
and relation to Vergennes, 496;
to Jay on the negotiations of
1782, 500; on Franklin's attitude
in these negotiations, 501. Fa-
miliar Letters to his Wife, cited
in footnotes, 205, 267, 310, 312,
316, 317, 367, 374, 404. Works,
cited in footnotes, 15 et passim.
See BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.
Adams, Samuel: dominant influ-
ence in Boston, 119; character
and career, 120, 490; action dur-
ing Boston massacre, 129; leader
in destruction of tea ships, 153.
Wells's Life of Samuel Adams,
cited in footnote, 171.
Adolphus, cited in footnotes, 191,
215, 241, 304, 334, 370, 425, 460.
See BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.
Africa, distribution of possessions
in peace of 1782, 465.

34

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, unjust to
American colonies, 6.
Albemarle, Life of Rockingham,
cited in footnotes, 84, 85, 91, 92,
94, 96, 330, 338, 341, 350.
Allen, Colonel: captures Ticon-
deroga, 214.

Almon, Biographical Anecdotes,
cited in footnotes, 51, 68, 69. See
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.

America, Annals of. See HOLMES.
American Archives, Force, cited in
footnotes, 177, 201, 219, 222. See
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.
American Remembrancer, The
(1776), cited in footnotes, 14, 131,
204, 226, 233, 234, 267. See BIB-
LIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.

Amherst, General, 47, 58, 337.
André, Major, 358; negotiations
with Arnold, 409; his execution,

414.

Andros, Sir Edmund, 491.
Annual Register (1765), cited in
footnotes, 70, 82, 94, 99, 165;
(1775), 199, 266; (1777), 282;
(1778), 345; (1779), 373; (1780),
433; (1783), 464, 483.
Arbuthnot, General: blockade of
French in Newport, 400.
Argenson: prediction concerning
colonies, 2.

Army: American objection to Eng-
lish standing army, 100, 119, 121;
composition of American army,
202; increase in, 206; defects,
216; footnote, 226; bounties to
recruits, 233; numerical state of
English army in 1774, 241; for-
503

eign element in American, 267;
wholesale desertions, 268; acces-
sion of distinguished European
soldiers, 310; resulting embar-
rassments, 311; difficulties about
appointing officers, 315; suffer-
ings in 1779, 319; colours of uni-
forms, 385; state in 1779, 380; in
1780, 391; bounties and pay, 394;
reorganisation in 1780, 421; muti-
nies, 434 899.

Arnold, Benedict: with Allen at
Ticonderoga, 214; in Canada,
215; commands fleet on Lake
Champlain, 261, 324, 325, foot-
note, 335, 358; military career,
403; charges against, 404; mar-
riage, 405; court-martial on, 406;
details of his treason, 409 sqq.;
flight, 412; motives of treason,
412; in British army, 414; Amer-
ican project for his abduction,
418; in Virginia, 441; reward
offered for his capture, 442; in
New York, 449; destroys New
London, 453; Isaac Arnold's Life
of Benedict Arnold, cited in foot-
notes, 404, 405. See SPARKS.
Arnold, History of Rhode Island,
cited in footnotes, 47, 53, 119, 137,
267, 268.

Articles of Confederation, 286, 461.
Attainder, Acts of, 259.

Bancroft, History of the United

States, cited in footnotes, 3, 4, 9,
et passim.

Barré, Colonel, 74, 99.
Barrington, Lord, 337; The Politi-
cal Life of, cited in footnotes,
241, 243.

Bath, Lord: pamphlet advocating
retention of Canada, 3; reply to,
by William Burke, 3.
Bedford Correspondence, cited in
footnote, 51.

Bedford, Duke of, revived old law
on trial of traitors, 124.
Beers, George L.: The Commercial
Policy of England toward the
American Colonies, 487.
Bernard, Governor of Massachu-
setts: opposes the Sugar Act in
1763, 54; ground of his unpop-

ularity, 101 sqq.; recall to Eng-
land, 126. Letters on the Trade
and Government of America,
cited in footnotes, 45, 103, 122.
Blackstock Hill, battle of, 390.
Bolles, Financial History of the
United States, cited in footnotes,

16, 287-290, 293, 373, 379, 422-424.
Boston: account of, 17; printing
presses, 33, footnote; waning
prosperity, 55; riots against the
Stamp Act, 81; dispute with Gov-
ernor Bernard, 103 sqq.; oppo-
sition to standing army, 119
treatment of English troops, 126;
Boston massacre, 127; destruc-
tion of tea cargoes, 153; parlia-
mentary coercive measures, 165
8qq.; blockade, 231; capture, 234.
Bouillé, Marquis de, 457.
Bounties: on hemp and flax, 55; on
timber, 79; on recruits in Ameri-
can army, 233, 394; in English
army, 241.
Brainerd, 37.

Brandywine, battle of, 317.
Bunker's Hill, battle of, 203.
Burgoyne, General: expedition
against Ticonderoga, 322; reaches
the Hudson, 325; defeat of his
German troops, 325; surrendered
with his army at Saratoga, 327,
421; detention of troops surren-
dered by, 494, 495. State of the
Expedition from Canada, cited in
footnote, 327.

Burke, Edmund: on the passage of
the Stamp Act, 74; on American
taxation, 76, 159; on repeal of the
Stamp Act, 97, footnote; efforts
for conciliation, 197; opinion on
the American question, 333; plan
of economical reform in 1780, 434.
European Settlements in Ameri-
ca, cited in footnotes, 15, 17.
Speech on Conciliation with
America, 486; cited, 15, footnote.
Observations on the State of the
Nation, cited in footnotes, 17, 69.
Correspondence, cited in footnotes,
86, 328, 332; Speech on American
Taxation, cited, 105, footnote.
Works, cited in footnotes, 141,
148, 328, 331, 333.

Burke, William: argument for res-
toration of Canada to France, 3.
Burnaby, Travels in North America,
cited in footnotes, 7, 15, 17, 27, 29.
Bute, Earl of, 51.

Butler, Colonel John: tragedy of
Wyoming, 361.

Byles, Dr., 173, footnote.

Camden, battle of, 388.

505

Camden, Lord: position on taxa-
tion,. 91; advocate of colonial
cause, 105; on a Chatham minis-
try in 1778, 350.
Campbell, Lives of the Chancellors,
cited, 152, footnote.
Canada: retention of, discussed,
8qq.; Quebec Act, 168; position
of Catholics, 169; invasion of,
214; loyal to England, 215; abor-
tive attempt to enlist Frenchmen
for American revolutionary army,
312; proposed combined French
and American invasion, 371;
frontiers defined (1782), 467, 470.
Carew, Bampfylde Moore, Life of,
cited in footnotes, 23, 33.
Carleton, General, Governor
Canada, 190, 215, 457.
Carlisle, Lord, 346.

of

Carolinas, the political privileges
in, 9, footnote; social conditions,
31; insurection in North Caro-
lina (1771), 135; in the war, 383,

386 899.

Catholics: position in Canada, 169;
Irish recruits in English army,

242.

Cavendish Debates, cited in foot-
notes, 74, 113, 124, 132-134, 165.
Chalkley, Life, Travels, and Chris-
tian Experiences, cited, 22, foot-

note.

Charleston, 30, 262, 386.
Charlestown, 203.
Chastellux, Travels in North Amer-

ica, cited in footnotes, 18, 23, 26,
27, 34, 226, 268.

Chesapeake, the, battles of, 442,
452.

Church, English: established in
Virginia, 24; status of clergy, 28;
colonies under jurisdiction of
Bishop of London, 170.

Coffin, The Province of Quebec and

the Early American Revolution,
cited, 492.

Collier, Sir George: descent upon
Virginia, 381.

Colonies, American: population in
1763 and 1776, 1; loyalty, 1, 2;
revolt of, predicted, 2, 3; Eng-
land's consideration for, 5; mili-
tary capabilities of, 7, footnote;
impossibility of England's retain-
ing colonies by force, 7; New
England, 13; Middle States, 18;
Virginia, 24; other Southern col-
onies, 29; condition of labourers,
30; education, 31; moral and po-
litical condition, 34, 112, footnote;
treatment of Indians, 26; posi-
tion of governors, 38; relation to
mother country, 38; relation to
the Crown and to Parliament, 39,
41, 486; commercial restrictions
on productions, 42; on exports
and imports, 43; writs of assist-
ance, 48; commercial code, 486,

487.
Commerce, colonial: regulated by
Parliament, 41; code restricted,
42 sqq., 486, 487; with West Indies,
53, 54; profits to England of colo-
nial trade, 91; relaxation of par-
liamentary restriction, 98.
Committees of Correspondence, 490.
Conciliation Bill, 344.
Confiscation: of ships, 237; from
loyalists in America, 259.

Congress, American: at Philadel-
phia laid foundation of independ-
ence, 180 sqq., 493; in 1775, 205
sqq.; resolves to enlist Indians,
264; to form navy, 266; flight to
Baltimore, 276; return, 280; en-
listment (1776), 283; bounties
offered, 284: powers and authori-
ty, 285; financial difficulties, 287;
issues paper money, 287; advises
confiscation of enemy's property,
288; attempts to regulate prices
by law, 290; makes paper legal
tender, 291; negotiates for assist-
ance from France, 296: flight to
Lancaster and Yorktown, 318;
declined commissioners' proposal
of reconciliation, 347; jealous of
the army, 362; treatment of Sara-
toga Convention, 364; punish-
ment of loyalists, 368; relations
with army, 394; reorganisation
of army, 421; paper money, 422;
half-pay for life to officers, 461;
peace negotiations, 464 8qq.; pow-
er over the States uncertain, 484.
Journal of Proceedings (1774),
cited in footnotes, 184, 186. Se-
cret Journals (1775), cited in
footnotes, 221, 264.

Congress of Commissioners at Al-
bany (1754), 11.

Connecticut: troops refuse to en-
list, 228; English devastation,

381.

Controversy between Great Britain
and her Colonies Reviewed, cited
in footnotes, 62, 65.
Conway cabal, references on, 495.
Conway, General (American), 311,

362.

failure in North Carolina, 390;
battle of Cowpens, 437; on Amer-
ican atrocities, 439; in Virginia,
449; occupies Yorktown, 451;
surrenders to Americans, 454.
Correspondence, cited in footnotes,
313, 370, 386, 388, 389, 438-440.
Coudray, General du, 311.
Cowboys,' 397.

Cowpens, battle of, 437.
Curtis, History of the Constitution
of the United States, 462, footnote.
Cushing, Thomas, Speaker of Mas-
sachusetts Assembly, 146.

Dallas, Count, 457.
D'Aranda, 465.
Dartmouth, Lord, 200, 221, 236.
Deane, Silas, agent to Paris, 296,
302, 330, 369.
Declaration of Independence, 245;
political doctrine of, 306, 307, 309.
Declaratory Act, 93 sqq., 134.
Delaware, colonial government of, 8.
Demarara, 457.

D'Estaing, Count, French admiral :
operations in aid of Americans,
359, 361, 370, 384.
Dickinson, John: The Farmer's
Letters, 104; deprecates war, 193;
efforts for reconciliation, 207, 492;
opposes independence, 246; on
English principles of taxation,
The Farmer's Letters, cited

489.

in footnotes, 52, 112, 178, 181. See
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.
Diplomatic Correspondence, Amer-
ican, cited in footnotes, 255, 267,
et passim.

Dissenters subject to no religious
test in America, 9, footnote.
Duddingston, Lieutenant, 136.
Dunmore, Lord, Governor of Vir-
ginia, 216.

Eden, William, 346.

Education, in the colonies, 31.
Edwards, Jonathan, 16, 33.
Eliot, John, 37.

Elliot, Sir Gilbert, 336. Life, see
MINTO.

Ellis, Welbore, 458.
England loss of colonies predict-
ed, 2; colonists' attachment to,

Force. See American Archives.
Foster, Sir Augustus, Notes on the

United States, cited, 72, footnote.
'Four intolerable measures,' the,
491.

Fox, Charles James, 96, footnote;

influence of his speeches in 1777,
332. Life, see RUSSELL. Corre-
spondence, cited in footnote, 333,
339, 351.

France design to invade England,
106; humiliation after Peace of
Paris, 238; Americans seek alli-
ance, 240; appeal for aid from
American Congress, 296; Ver-
gennes's suggested policy, 296;
Turgot's opposite proposals, 299;
King approves Vergennes's plans,
301; France assists America, 302;
deceitful professions to England,
303; popular enthusiasm for
America, 305 sqq. ; enlistments for

507

American army, 311; effect on
French opinion of English sur-
render at Saratoga, 327 sqq.; trea-
ties with America signed, 328;
rapid growth of navy (1778), 362;
Revolution dependent on France,
398; expedition against New-
port, 399; irritation at American
finance, 423; desires an end of
American Revolution, 426; navy
aiding Americans, 442; defeat on
the Chesapeake, 442; American
dependence on French money
and support, 443; a loan granted
and a gift from the King, 447;
loans to America, 463; conduct
of peace negotiations, 464 sqq.;
excluded from American confi-
dences (1782), 499, 500; motives
and purposes in negotiations, 500;
motives in desiring to limit Amer-
ican boundaries, 501.
Franklin, Benjamin: on American
attachment to England, 9; plan
for uniting the colonies, 11; his
literary power, 33; on Grenville's
policy, 72; sketch of his life, 138
8qq.; literary work, 140; labours to
prevent disruption, 142; State's
agent in England, 144; sends
Hutchinson's letters to America,
145; his defence of his use of
them, 148; return to America,
197; head of colonial post-office,
206; revises Declaration of Inde-
pendence, 246; commissioner to
Paris (1776), 302, 307; life in
France, 308, footnote; approved
project of burning Liverpool and
Glasgow, 369, footnote; objects to
begging for America in France,
463; negotiates for peace (1782),
465; on mercantile debts to Brit-
ish citizens, 468, 497; apology for
secretly signed articles of peace,
476; treatment of loyalists, 482;
'Hearing at the Cockpit,' 490,
491; on Adams's mission in
France, 495; Adams on Frank-
lin's attitude in the negotiations
of 1782, 500; English opinion of,
501. Life of Franklin Sparks,
cited in footnotes, 21, 33, 152:
Parton, 218; Bigelow, 493, 495;