ings. Instead of complying with this demand, he turned his arms against him, defeated his troops, and proclaimed the annexation of the department to France. The importance to which this proceeding is entitled, can not be fully estimated until its details are more completely known.

SOUTH AMERICA.

the boundary question between Brazil and Uruguay had set out from Rio: The protest of the Brazilian Minister against the Treaty recently concluded between the Argentine Confederation and the Republic of Paraguay, had been published. The Minister insists that the rights of Brazil are not involved in the Convention. The commercial classes at Rio evince much interest in the agreement entered into by the large importing houses for the regulation of transactions between importers and jobbers. The subject was regarded as of great importance, involving the extent and prosperity of commercial intercourse. A protest had been entered by the Brit

eral result. The excessive liberty of the press is complained of as in the highest degree shameful and dangerous, and the action of the Government in repressing it is vindicated under the plea of necessity. -Congress, at the opening of its special session. evinced much less eagerness to relieve the Government than had been desired. An accusation was presented against the Minister of Justice for having From Buenos Ayres we have news of a fresh sanctioned the decree against the press, and after revolution-successful and bloodless. The ascend several days' discussion the Chainber sustained it ency of Urquiza had never been quite satisfactory by a vote of 64 to 18. Another accusation was then to the Buenos Ayres people, and his project of an brought forward against the late Minister of Finance Argentine Confederation was disliked, as tending to for having allowed the exportation of two and a half reduce them to a subordinate position. On the 11th millions of dollars belonging to English bondholders, of September, therefore, while he was absent in atfree of duty; upon this no decision had been reach- tendance upon the Congress he had summoned, the ed. Two formal charges had also been presented adhesion of the army having been meantime secured, against the late Minister of Relations, and one the Assembly voted its independence, appointed a against the Minister of War. Several propositions governor, and disavowed the authority of Urquiza. had been introduced into the Chamber, having ref- On hearing of what had been done he at once acerence to the internal necessities of the country. quiesced, confirming the independence of Buenos Señor Yanez, who was again made Minister of For-Ayres so far as her domestic affairs were concerned, eign Affairs, on the 25th made a speech earnestly and reserving to himself, as head of the Confederacy, urging the Chamber to lay aside all partisan feeling only the conduct of foreign relations. From Braand unite with the Government in measures intend-zil we learn that the Commission appointed to adjust ed to restore tranquillity to the Republic. He introduced a proposition proposing; 1. To negotiate a loan of three millions, without admitting paper of any kind, at an interest not to exceed one per cent. per month. 2d. The direct contributions of all the States to be doubled. 3d. This loan to be applied to the indispensable expenses attendant upon the re-establishment of order. 4th. The employées who may give orders against these measures, as also the Minister who shall do the same, shall incur the pen alty of from two to ten years on the public works. 5th. An exact account of the expenditure of these funds shall be given monthly under the most strict responsibility. The Minister of Finance has pre-ish Consul against the action of the merchants. sented in the Chamber of Deputies a statement relative to the English debt. He says that in consequence of the succession of troubles which have prevailed for some time past, the Government has not been able to fulfill its engagements with the English creditors, and now needs $1,300,000 to do so. The Minister then urged the Chamber to provide that sum, which he said ought to be immediately appropriated to the English debt: no action had been taken upon the subject.Meantime the rev olutionary proceedings in the various departments were becoming more menacing and serious. Guadalajara a new plan had been proclaimed, one of the articles of which invites General Craga to take command of the army; no decisive engagement had taken place between the revolutionary forces and the government troops, though one was daily expected. The details of the movements in the various departments have too little permanent interest, except in connection with the general result, to warrant their insertion here. By the last arrival we have a rumor that Santa Anna, who has been residing near Acupulco for some time past, has succeeded in stimulating a revolution in that part of the country, and that he was about to leave for the capital, intending again to put himself at the head of affairs.In the department of Sonora, a collision has taken place between the Mexican anthorities and the French colony established there under the direction of Count Boulbon, numbering about 500 persons. The Count had waged war against the Apache Indians, and had succeeded in driving them off a tract some fifty leagues in circumference, when he was called upon by the Governor, General Blanco, to give an account of his proceed

In Ecuador important political changes have taken place. The Convention called on the 6th of March last, by General Urbina, as Supreme Chief of the provisional government, met at Guayaquil on the 17th of July, the delegates having been chosen under a thoroughly republican system. Peter Montcayo was chosen President, and a Constitution was framed, republican in its provisions and establishing the Catholic religion to the exclusion of all others. On the 28th of September the Assembly adopted the Constitution with great unanimity, and elected In General Urbina President of the Republic. He is a man of high character and ability, and his election seems to have given general satisfaction.-From Peru we have intelligence to the middle of October. The American Chargé, Mr. J. R. Clay, had published a notification to all American vessels that might have gone to the Lobos Islands for the purpose of loading with guano, that the United States recognized the sovereignty of Peru over these islands, and would not sustain any attempt on the part of such vessels to defend themselves by force against Peru. It was further stated that the Peruvian government had offered to charter all such vessels on its own account. Political affairs in Peru wore a menacing aspect: a revolution was daily expected. Lieutenant Gillis, who had been at Lima for three years superintending an astronomical observatory-the instruments of which were provided by the United States Government-has returned home, bringing many valuable observations as the result of his labors.-In Guatemala the elections passed off quietly, and resulted in the success of the Conservative party. The public revenues have increased, and the general condition of affairs is prosperous.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Gladstone, Lord Palmerston, and Mr. Hume, who all condemned the wavering policy and the vague declarations of Ministers. Mr. Walpole endeavored to show in one way, and Mr. Disraeli in another, that Ministers had said all they ought to say. The latter urged the propriety of Mr. Villiers deferring his motion until the 26th instant, when he intended to bring forward his financial plans, in which the subject of taxation-the income tax included-had been considered. Mr. Villiers, however, persisted in his purpose, and submitted his motion, to which Mr. Disraeli offered an amendment, implying that the Government would leave the present policy of the country untouched, but avoiding any expression of opinion upon its merits. In the House of Lords, on the 22d, Lord Derby stated, in reply to an inquiry, that the express object of calling a session of the House before Christmas, had been to close forTrade. The result of the late election had convinced him that, though a large number of constituencies were well disposed to support the Government, they were determined not to assent to an alteration in the recently adopted commercial policy, and that any such attempt would be instantly negatived by a large majority. Under these circumstances, he had felt it his duty to advise her Majesty to declare that the principle of 'unrestricted competition ought to be adopted. In the Commons, Mr. Villiers's motion was debated at length, until the 25th, when an amendment was offered by Lord Palmerston, in the following words: "It is the opinion of this House that the improved condition of the country, and especially of the industrious classes, is mainly the result of the recent legislation, which has established the principle of unrestricted competition, and has abolished the taxes imposed for the purpose of protection. That it is the opinion of this House that this policy followed, maintained, and prudently extended, will best enable the industry of the country to bear its burdens, and thereby assuredly promote the welfare and contentment of the people. That this House is ready to take into consideration any measure consistent with these principles, which, in pursuance of her Majesty's speech made before them may be offered by her Majesty's Ministers. This amendment was adopted by a vote of 468 to 53-which may be regarded as finally settling the Free Trade controversy.

Parliament met on the 6th of November: the Queen's speech was made by Her Majesty in person on the 11th. It expresses deep sorrow that the deliberations of the House of Lords are no longer to be aided by the counsels of that illustrious man whose great achievements have exalted the name of England, and in whose loyalty and patriotism the interests of the throne and people ever found an unfailing support." The readiness with which the people have come forward to join the ranks of the militia is acknowledged. Complaints, frequent and well-founded, on the part of the British North American colonies, of infractions by citizens of the United States of the Fishery Convention of 1818, led to the dispatch of a class of vessels for the protection of their interests, better than those previously employed this had led to renewed discussions with the Government of the United States upon the sub-ever the controversy between Protection and Free ject; and the friendly spirit in which the question had been treated induced the hope that the ultimate result might be a mutually beneficial extension and improvement of the commercial intercourse of the two countries. The special mission sent, in concert with the Prince President of France, to the Argentine Confederation, had resulted in opening to the commerce of the world the great rivers, hitherto closed, which afford an access to the interior of the vast continent of South America. The zealous efforts of the Government of Brazil for the suppression of the slave-trade, have enabled the English to suspend the stringent measures hitherto adopted on that coast for that purpose. A comprehensive scheme for the promotion of the fine arts and of practical science is soon to be laid before the Commons. Parliament is congratulated on the generally inproved condition of the country, and especially of the industrious classes. "If you should be of opinion," says the speech, "that recent legislation, contributing, with other causes, to this happy result, has at the same time inflicted unavoidable injury on certain important interests, I recommend you dispassionately to consider how far it may be practicable equitably to mitigate that injury, and to enable the industry of the country to meet successfully that unrestricted competition to which Parliament, in its wisdom has decided that it should be subjected." The hope is expressed that general improvement, notwithstanding many obstacles, has extended to Ireland; and the adoption of such a policy is recommended as may encourage and assist her to rally from the depression in which she has been sunk by the suffering of late years. The subjects of ecclesiastical discipline, religious education, university management, secondary punishments, and legal reform are commended to the attention of Parliament.

The death of the Duke of Wellington was made the occasion of eulogistic speeches in both houses of Parliament. The funeral on the 18th was one of the most imposing ceremonials ever witnessed in England. The body, while lying in state, was viewed by over 65,000 persons.

FRANCE.

little room to doubt that a very few weeks would witness an attempt to transform the French repub. lic into an empire. The attempt has been made and attended with complete success. The Senate met on the 4th of November, in accordance with the decree of convocation, dated Oct. 19. Prince Jerome Bonaparte presided, and opened the session by briefly stating its object. The empire, he said,

Our last month's record, comprising a summary In the House of Lords, in the debate upon the of the sayings and doings of Louis Napoleon during address in reply to the Speech, the Marquis of Lans-his political tour through the south of France, left downe avowed his conviction of the perfect success of the present commercial system, and Lord Derby, said in the course of a long speech, that he found a large majority of the constituencies against a tax on food, and he had no idea of attempting to restore it. In the House of Commons Lord Lovaine moved, and Mr. Egerton seconded, an address-the first declared himself a protectionist, the latter was averse to a tax upon corn. Mr. Vil-was, for the French people, the reminiscence of an liers gave notice that he should on the 22d place a distinct motion before the House, in order to draw from Ministers a decided and unequivocal declaration of their policy; their present language, he said, was vague and defective. Mr. Villiers was supported by Lord John Russell, Mr. Cobden, Mr.

immortal glory; the assurance of preserving intact the fundamental conquests of the revolution of '89; order at home and dignity abroad; a guarantee given to all interests; the protection and development of the great discoveries of our time, applied to public works undertaken by the State, and to private in

dustry in all its branches; and, in fine, a buckler | firmness of his mind. The Prince replied by thank-
against the return of the ancient regime and against
the enterprises of the enemies of order. The popu-
lar acclamations every where called for the Napo
leonian dynasty, because its accession would be the
pledge of a stable and prosperous future. Every
loyal man who accepts a part in the government
must break forever with its enemies. It was for
the Senate to give a formal consecration to the na-
tional will, and to prescribe the terms of a senatus
consultum which should establish the basis of the
new empire. After the session had been thus opened,
M. Achille Fould, the Minister of State, was intro-
duced, and in the name of the Prince President,
read a brief message, announcing that the nation
had loudly manifested its will to re-establish the
empire, and that he had called them together to de-
liberate upon that grave question. Should they
adopt it, they would doubtless think as he did, that
the Constitution of 1852 should be maintained. The
people would find a guarantee for its interests, and a
satisfaction of its just pride, in the re-establishment
of the empire. He did not shut his eyes to the
danger of wearing the crown of Napoleon, but his
apprehensions were lessened by the thought that
the nation, in elevating him to the throne, would be
crowning itself. A proposition for the modification
of the Constitution, signed by ten senators, was im-
mediately placed in the hands of the President of
the Senate; and it was immediately voted by the
Bureaux that it should be taken into consideration.
A committee of ten was appointed, which chose M.
Troplong as its reporter, and the sitting adjourned.
On the 6th, the Senate again met, and M. Troplong
read a long report, arguing elaborately in favor of
re-establishing the empire, and closing with the
draft of a senatus consultum; declaring, 1. The em-
pire is re-established, and Louis Napoleon Bona-protest against the re-establishment of the empire.
parte is Emperor, under the name of Napoleon III.;
2. The imperial dignity is hereditary in his direct
and legitimate male descendants, by order of primo-
geniture; 3. If he has no male descendants, he may
adopt the legitimate children and descendants in the
male line of the brothers of Napoleon I.; 4. Adop-
tion is interdicted to his descendants; 5. He is to
regulate by an organic decree the order of succes-
sion, in case he should leave no direct, legitimate or
adopted heir; 6. The members of the family of
Louis Napoleon who can eventually be called to
the succession and their descendants constitute the
Imperial Family, whose position is regulated by a
senatus consultum, and none of whom can marry
without the Emperor's sanction; 7. The Constitu-
tion of January 15, 1852, is maintained in all of its
provisions not contrary to the present senatus con-
sultum, and no modification of it can be effected
except in the manner and by the means which it
has prescribed; 8. The proposition that the empire
be re-established upon this basis and on these con-
ditions is to be submitted to the people for their
acceptance. On the 7th, each of these propositions
was discussed, and the whole were adopted by a
vote of 86 out of 87 senators. The senators in grand
costume and the cardinals in scarlet robes, preceded
by an escort of cavalry, immediately repaired to
St. Cloud where they were met by the Prince Pres-
ident. M. Mesnard, vice-president of the Senate,
placed in his hands a copy of the senatus consul-
tum, and made him a brief address, saying that the
Senate was justified in its action by the immense
services he had rendered, by the name which he
bore, and by the guarantees given to the future by
the greatness of his character and the wisdom and

ing the Senate for the alacrity with which it had
responded to the wishes of the country in deliber-
ating upon the re-establishment of the empire, and
in preparing the senatus consultum which is to be
submitted to the people for its acceptance. "When,
forty-eight years ago," said he," in this same palace,
in this very hall, and under circumstances analogous
to the present, the Senate came to offer the crown
to the chief of my family, the Emperor replied in
these memorable words: My spirit will depart from
my posterity the day that posterity shall cease to de-
serve the love and the confidence of the grande nation.'
And upon this occasion what most touches my heart
is the thought that the spirit of the Emperor is with
me, that his mind is guiding me, that his shade pro-
tects me, since, by a solemn proceeding, you come
in the name of the French people to prove to me.
that I have merited the confidence of the country.
I have no need to tell you that my constant care
shall be to labor with you to promote the grandeur
and the prosperity of France." Two decrees were
immediately issued, the one convoking the French
people, in its primary assemblies, for the 21st and
22d of November, to accept or reject the empire;
and the second convoking the Legislature on the
25th November for the purpose of verifying the
regularity of the votes, of counting them out and
declaring the result. On the 21st and 22d of No-
vember, the vote was taken: at the date of our last
advices full returns had not been received, but it
was believed that over seven million votes had been
cast in favor of the Empire, and about two hundred
and fifty thousand against it. It was supposed that
the result would be declared on the 1st of December,
and the Empire officially proclaimed on the 2d.
The Count of Chambord, Henry V., has published a

He says that the French people have indicated their desire for the monarchy, and entreats them not to suppose that the new empire which is proposed to them can restore the blessings they expect. The traditional monarchy, resting upon hereditary right and consecrated by time, can alone secure them. He maintains, therefore, his right to the throne, and declares to France and the world that he will preserve religiously to his latest breath the deposit of the hereditary monarchy of which Providence has made him guardian, and which is the only port of safety, where, after so many tempests, France can recover her lost happiness and repose.-Beyond these proceedings in regard to the empire, the intelligence from France has little interest. A meeting of American citizens in Paris was held, on receiving intelligence of Mr. Webster's death, at which the American Minister, Mr. Rives, made an eloquent speech embodying his estimate of Mr. Webster's character and public services, and a series of resolutions was adopted expressing the grief felt at the intelligence of his death.

From the other portions of the Continent there is no intelligence of interest or importance. The ExEmperor of Austria is dead. Disaffection prevails in Hungary and Croatia. The Customs' Companies opened on the 30th ult., when Count Buol Schauenstein distinctly announced that if the existing Zollverein should be dissolved, a new one, including a population of 48,000,000, will be formed.- -The election of the Second Chamber of Prussia took place on the 3d ult. throughout the kingdom.From Russia, we have intelligence of the death of Prince Leuchtenberg, son-in-law to the Emperor Nicholas.

DILIBUSTERING is a term lately imported from very learnedy and damnterestedy about the law of

the Spanish, yet destined, it would seet, to oc-
In t
cupy an important place in our FOCEN EFT
etymological import it is nearly synomous WILL
piracy. It is commonly exposed, however, to de-
note an idea peculiar to the modern progress, and
which may be defined as the rigs and practDE DÉ
private war, or the claim of NOVIOLEN 10 Chess and pratical acts.
foreign host.uties aside from, and even in oppoETLOME
to the government with which they are a political
membership. To a superfinal server £ user-
ing and ultra abolitionism would seem the very al-
tipodes of each other, and yet there is one, and that
a most peculiar feature wa they present the
closest resemblance. Both are fond of appra to
what they regard as a "Luber law" that the law of
the land, or even the written revelatios of Gos
Both have, in this way, their art fica COCINCIPDIDE
Both indulge in the same species of canc Beate
ploy the same dialect of philanthroy, nets of IKL
BTL 150
cosmopolitanism, and tzversal freedom
in their contempt for posare elartments, m027 DE
regarded as among the sources of that enormoES
increase of crime to with we so to C-
tion in a previous Lember of our Estor's Tave

LE ODS. They become the EN SLRemy grze
treaty nets and treaty on rations, theT DECLINE ÍR-
worths the : atit SLL TD 3 Ander
(LILL. 2f5ce the protest 1 2 3 DE
very notatituting whose allemanse they had rest ɗ
LUC DE WLrd they had brand astrace 15 d

The very essence of that new crime wir Dow goes under the strazze zame of floosering, mas de said to consist in a right claimed for the indindiLa members of a nation to do that most witte wrong or uniawill for the nation itsel 1 aur wa. the seed of the whole evil is in the false and mont mischievous notion, that publie treaties do not teac private men in their private capacity.

In analyzing, therefore, this new dogma, it becomDES necessary to discuss, among other things, the true nature of treaty obligation And here we can help adverting to another remarkable rentance between the two apparent extresses to which we have aloded. Both, when they have defed the as to the utmost, have the impornce to claim its protection. Nothing can be clearer than that in this respect denunciatim ad temaciation strijd en together. Those who demence the er author

those wY CAR the rig

To the law, then, and the test moty appeal to Casar, to Cæsar jet them on race of all our treaties is to this mEWS NOLTany in form. The one we have with Spun ma cates as a good sample of all the rest-- There sta De form faca pesce, and amity between orn Cane Majesty and the government of the United States, and between the rubuerts and progir of ter Caranor Muery and the citizens and people of the United „States respectively." Wengi veut trom the very Lature of this and ideas, that obligations binangon the nation bind the in tim, fials of the natxe Ba bere we are not left to abstract reasoTN As far as the national sovereignty can command, li bas comzuanded. I be most express terms, and every man owes it stedsence in the jetter and in the curt Every man is bound by it in foro comanencia. Whether there be any express penalty attached to it or not He a bound not only to keep the peace persona, but to refrain most carefully the an Waring, te painting any thing with Bay have the east tendrory, directly or indirectly, to impair suca frm -faith and amir," or to encourage others

Wsoever acts in a manner cpposed to

Els breaks not only a wise, and just, and benevo ent woman law, but in so doingsins against the great Head and Source of all law and order in the ua

On lower polities grounds, too, mit we say that the contrary doctrine would make as an outcast among natione—in other words, a nation with whom ne treaty could be made, because no treaty could have any practical binding force. What is solemnly rat Sed cne day by the national representatives, ma be as solemnly repudiated the next by the mass or masses whom they represented

treasonate or law-treasing PORTO Late There at be firm tack, prace, and avaty," &c. of its least commar donits and track men so, are. But gilius might be bell, perhaps, that this has only DOENG. they would be comf fai matym, co re- the force of a recommendatwa. We tase, thereTAPETOS DOS DOUy every political franchise, but also five, another step in our argument. Whatever may EKEIT DEZVOLa priflege and etery Live to perperT be the case with the inhabitants of other nations exthey or may have held by sumse né ELTA 000- sing under a despotic government to which they SEND 2. PLEDDE Enter the reserve s zever gave their assent, we have expressly preLied ourselves from the benefit of any such dis* WET PPI FLING TOOse de exeuca cé tortion Shoed Austrians, or Presians, or Rusthe med excess ezartzenta, rere, extre, má sank, ezrace in filibustering expeinions for the 157 100L, JE VETs took much of poremment der purpose of creating insurrection in South Carolina, What we re, mi tri vien ter fou rompera- and breaking the fetters of the down trodden masses," as they might style the objects of their A Dens TL UI to the Mayor philanthropy, they might have some show of reason ras Saree SoBeser nel bad tenant the pertec- in their disregard of trea'y enactments they had no DHE TATI AVE JPY 1178 #1 Ley share in making. Bawe-emn not be too often reThe pati seant fi tanec a nai- peated-we have precluded ourselves from the beneTenters * Jezi Juni klņodes They run of any such distinction between government and CA SENS. We boastingr sar to the world-our egs.pors are our servants, our embassadors are PLZ Commissioned messengers, of course, whoever treats with us, treats not with separate courts, or nav or épair Mestres, but with the Sovereign lear hem de Progie. The ratviai taià is given with as clear

This, however, we will venture to affirm-that The doctrine urged in favor of Filibustering expe- there are races whom no oppression could ever have ditions and Lone Star Associations is also at war so debased. It was not so, and it never could have