Interpreters, Sec. 1562, R. S., and Consular act, 1887. The result of the examination, with the auswers of the candidate in his own handwriting, will then be transmitted to the Secretary of State. Consular Clerks are required to discharge such clerical and other duties of the Consulate as may be assigned to them by the principal Officer, whose instructions in all respects they are carefully to observe and obey. Punctual daily attendance at the Consulate during office hours, diligence in the discharge of the Consular duties, a cheerful obedience to the directions of their superiors, a courteous bearing toward all persons having business with the Consulate, and uprightness of conduct in all respects will be expected from them. Disobedience, want of punctuality, neglect of duty, the abuse of their credit in pecuniary transactions, or exceptionable moral conduct will be followed by the revocation of their commissions. INTERPRETERS. 26. Interpreters in the Consular Service are stationed only and Diplomatic at Consulates in non-Christian and semi-civilized countries. approved March 3, Provision has been made for the appointment by the President of salaried interpreters. The expenditure of the sums appropriated for this service is placed under the direction of the Secretary of State, and interpreters are now provided for as follows, viz: The Consulates-General at Shanghai and Kanagawa, and at the Consulates at Foochow, Tien-Tsin, Hankow, Amoy, Canton, and Hong-Kong, and for other Consulates in China, and in Japan, Zanzibar, and Turkish Dominions. They are in most cases appointed directly by the President. Those at the more important posts receive a commission. For obvious reasons, the selection of persons for these appointments is usually made from residents of the particular country, whose acquaintance with the language and customis may have qualified them for the office. The nomination is most generally intrusted to the Consul, with the approval of the Consul-General, or of Minister if there be no Consul-General, and preference is given in all cases to American citizens, if they can be found, who are willing and competent to accept the office. When nominations are made they should be accompanied by information, as full as possible, as to the nationality, character, antecedents, and qualifications of the persons nominated. MARSHALS OF CONSULAR COURTS. 27. The President is authorized by law to appoint Marshals to Consular Courts in China, Japan, and Turkey. The appointments are generally made directly by the President, and a commission is issued from the Department of State. It has, however, not unfrequently been deemed of advantage to the service to permit the Consul to nominate from his post a suitable person to the Department for appointment in preference to making the appointment of persons in the United States who are unacquainted with the usages and customs of the country. Nominations should bear the approval of the Consul-General, or, if there be no Consul-General, then that of the Diplomatic Representative, and should set forth the antecedents, nationality, character, and qualifications of the persons nominated. As in the case of Interpreters, a preference is given to American citizens for employment in these offices, if such can be found worthy and competent to discharge the duties. CLERKS AT CONSULATES. Marshals. R. S., sec. 4111. con sulates, Diplomat act, March 3, 1887. 28. The Department is authorized by law to allow for the Clerks at hire of clerks, when the money is actually expended therefor, ic and Consular as follows: To the Consul at Liverpool, a sum not exceeding the rate of two thousand dollars for any one year; and to the Consuls-General at London, Paris, Havana, and Rio de Janeiro, each a sum not exceeding the rate of one thousand six hundred dollars for any one year; to the Consuls-General at Berlin, Frankfort, Montreal, Shanghai, Vienna, and Kanagawa, and for the Consuls at Hamburg, Bremen, Manchester, Lyons, Hong-Kong, Havre, Crefeld, and Chemnitz, each a sum not exceeding the rate of one thousand two hundred dollars for any one year; and the Consuls at Bradford, Marseilles, and Birmingham, each a sum not exceeding the rate of nine hundred and sixty dollars for any one year; to the Consuls. General at Calcutta, Port au Prince, and Melbourne, and to the Consuls at Leipsic, Sheffield, Sonneberg, Dresden, Nurem berg, Tunstall, Antwerp, Bordeaux, Colon (Aspinwall), Glasgow, Panama, and Singapore, each a sum not exceeding the rate of eight hundred dollars for any one year; to the Consuls at Belfast, Barmen, Leith, Dundee, Victoria, and to the Consuls-General at Matamoros and Halifax, each a sum not exceeding the rate of six hundred and forty dollars for any one year; to the Consuls-General at Mexico and Berne, and to the Consuls at Beirut, Malaga, Genoa, Naples, Stuttgart, Florence, Manheim, Prague, Zurich, and Demerara, each a sum not exceeding the rate of four hundred and eighty dollars for any one year. The allowance to be made from this appropriation to the several Consulates named being within the discretion of the Department of State, the amount of the allowance will be determined by the requirements of each office. No Clerk will be employed without special instructions authorizing it, and the name and nationality, as well as the proposed amount of compensation of each Clerk, will be reported to the Department. The places above named at which allowances are provided for clerk-hire are taken from the annual appropriation act for the year ending June 30, 1888, and are subject to such changes in this respect as Congress may from time to time deem proper to make. An additional appropriation of twenty thousand dollars has been made by this act, for clerks at Consulates not before mentioned, to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of State; not more than four hundred dollars being allowed to any one consulate in any one fiscal year. The Secretary of State is also authorized to make such allowance as he may deem proper out of this sum to any interpreter for clerical services, in addition to his pay as interpreter. Employment of 29. American citizens should be employed as clerks in the American citizens. several Consulates whenever it is practicable to do so. The presence of clerks of foreign nationality has, in some instances, led to much inconvenience and abuse. Apart from the propriety of employing those who owe allegiance to this Government, it is believed that many young men of worth and ability, both at home and abroad, who desire to acquire a knowledge of the Continental languages of Europe-a knowledge which in after years might be valuable to the Government and people-would make equally efficient and more trustworthy assistants. It is therefore recommended by the Department that the preference should be given to them in every case where such persons can be found. In this view the Department reserves the right to fill such clerkships by appointments directly from this country, or from such citizens abroad whenever it shall be deemed proper. LIMITS OF CONSULAR DISTRICTS. 30. The statute authorizes the President to define the ex- Consular districts. R. S., sec. 1695. tent of country to be embraced within any Consulate or Commercial Agency. The Consular Commission usually describes these limits as including all places nearer to the official residence of a Consul than to the residence of any other Consul within the same allegiance. This rule has very seldom been departed from, and, except when special instructions are given defining a different district, it is to be regarded as the rule by which the limits of the respective districts are to be determined. In no case, however, is a Consular Officer authorized to take jurisdiction of Consular business outside of the State from the government of which he receives his exequatur. The Department of State may, however, in its discretion, assign a Consular Agency to a Consulate without regard to nearness of geographical situation. The limits of a Consular Agency are always within the district of the Consulate to which it is attached, unless the Department shall determine otherwise. terins. 31. In these Regulations the term "principal Consular Definition of Officer" has the meaning given to it by the statute, and denotes a Consul-General, a Consul, or a Commercial Agent, as the case may be. The term "Consul" is used generically, and may denote any one of the principal Consular Officers. The term "Vice-Consular Officer" denotes either a Vice-Consul-General, a Vice-Consul, or a Vice-Commercial Agent, as the case may be. The term "Consular Officer" embraces principal Officers, Vice and Deputy Consular Officers, and Consular Agents, in accordance with the statute. Consular Officers. ARTICLE II. Appointment and Qualification of Consular Officers. Appointment of 32. Consuls-General and Consuls are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. They qualify by taking the prescribed oath (a copy of which is furnished by the Department for the purpose), and by executing a bond to the United States in the form prescribed by the Department. Bond. R. S., secs. 1697, and 1757. 33. Consuls-General and all Consuls and Commercial 1699, 1700, 1756, Agents whose salaries exceed one thousand dollars a year are required, before receiving a commission, to execute a bond (Form No. 2) containing an express stipulation against engaging in business. Those whose salaries are at the rate of one thousand dollars or less, all of whom are entitled to the privilege of trading, execute the bond given in Form No. 3; and those who derive their compensation from fees (who may also engage in business) execute the bond prescribed in Form No. 4. The prohibition as to transacting business may, however, be extended, in the discretion of the President, to all Consular Officers, whether receiving salary or fees. All principal Consular Officers are required by law to take the oath in Form No. 1. For instructions respecting the sureties on the bond and the formalities of its execution see note to Form No. 2. May hold but one office. 34. A Consul-General or Consul appointed to one ConsuR. S., sec. 1691. late is prohibited from holding the office of Consul-General or Consul at any other Consulate, or from exercising the duties thereof. Commercial Agents. 35. Commercial Agents are appointed by the President. They qualify for their offices in the same manner in all respects as Consuls-General and Consuls. Subordinate offi 36. Vice-Consuls-General, Deputy Consuls-General, ViceR. S., sec. 1695. Consuls, Deputy Consuls, Vice-Commercial Agents, Deputy Commercial Agents, and Consular Agents are appointed by the Secretary of State, usually upon the nomination of the principal Consular Officer, approved by the Consul-General (if the nomination relates to a Consulate or Commercial Agency), or, if there be no Consul-General, then by the Diplomatic Representative. If there be no Consul-General or |