SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

Treaty concluded July 4, 1827 (Commerce and Navigation).

1078. ARTICLE XIII.

Each of the high contracting parties grants to the other the privilege of appointing, in its commercial ports and places, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Commercial Agents, who shall enjoy the full protection, and receive every assistance necessary for the due exercise of their functions; but it is expressly declared that, in case of illegal or improper conduct with respect to the laws or government of the country in which said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents shall reside, they may be prosecuted and punished conformably to the laws, and deprived of the exercise of their functions by the offended Government, which shall acquaint the other with its motives for having thus acted; it being understood, however, that the archives and documents relative to the affairs of the Consulate shall be exempt from all search, and shall be carefully preserved under the seals of the Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents, and of the authority of the place where they may reside.

The Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents, or the persons duly authorized to supply their places, shall have the right, as such, to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crew or of the captain should disturb the order or tranquillity of the country; or the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect or supported. It is, however, understood that this species of judgment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authority of the country.

1079. ARTICLE XIV.

The said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents are authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities for the arrest, detention, and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchantvessels of their country; and, for this purpose, they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges, and officers, and shall, in writing, demand said deserters, proving, by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crew, or by other official documents, that such individuals formed part of the crews, and on this reclamation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall not be refused.

Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Commercial Agents, and may be confined in the public prisons, at the request and cost of those who claim them,

in order to be sent to the vessels to which they belonged, or to others of the same country. But if not sent back within the space of two months, reckoning from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause.

It is understood, however, that if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offense, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which the case shall be depending shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.

SWISS CONFEDERATION.

Concluded November 25, 1850 (Friendship, Commerce, and for the Surrender of Fugitive Criminals.)

1080. ARTICLE VII.

The contracting parties give to each other the privilege of having, each, in the large cities and important commercial places of their respective States, Consuls and Vice-Consuls of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers, in the discharge of their duties, as those of the most favored nations. But before any Consul or Vice-Consul shall act as such, he shall in the ordinary form be approved of by the Government to which he is commissioned.

In their private and business transactions Consuls and Vice-Consuls shall be submitted to the same laws and usages as private individuals, citizens of the place in which they reside.

It is hereby understood that in case of offense against the laws by a Consul or Vice-Consul, the Government to which he is commissioned may, according to circumstances, withdraw his exequatur, send him away from the country, or have him punished in conformity with the laws, assigning to the other Government its reasons for so doing.

The archives and papers belonging to the Consulates shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate or other functionary visit, seize, or in any way interfere with them.

1081. ARTICLE XIII.

The United States of America and the Swiss Confederation, on requisitions made in their name through the medium of their respective Diplomatic or Consular Agents, shall deliver up to justice persons who, being charged with the crimes enumerated in the following article, committed within the jurisdiction of the requiring party, shall seek asylum or shall be found within the territories of the other: Provided, That this shall be

done only when the fact of the commission of the crime shall be so established as to justify their apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime had been committed in the country where the persons so accused shall be found.

1082. ARTICLE XIV.

Persons shall be delivered up, according to the provisions of this convention, who shall be charged with any of the following crimes, to wit: Murder (including assassination, parricide, infanticide, and poisoning): attempt to commit murder; rape; forgery, or the emission of forged papers; arson; robbery with violence, intimidation, or forcible entry of an inhabited house; piracy; embezzlement by public officers, or by persons hired or salaried to the detriment of their employers, when these crimes are subject to infamous punishment.

1083. ARTICLE XV.

On the part of the United States, the surrender shall be made only by the authority of the Executive thereof; and on the part of the Swiss Confederation, by that of the Federal Council.

1084. ARTICLE XVI.

The expenses of detention and delivery, effected in virtue of the preceding articles, shall be at the cost of the party making the demand.

1085. ARTICLE XVII.

The provisions of the aforegoing articles relating to the surrender of fugitive criminals shall not apply to offenses committed before the date hereof, nor to those of a political character.

TRIPOLI.

Treaty concluded June 4, 1805 (Peace and Amity).

1086. ARTICLE VI.

Proper passports shall immediately be given to vessels of both the con tracting parties, on condition that the vessels of war belonging to the regency of Tripoli, on meeting with merchant vessels belonging to citizens of the United States of America, shall not be permitted to visit them with more than two persons besides the rowers; these two only shall be permitted to go on board said vessel, without first obtaining leave from

the commander of said vessel, who shall compare the passport, and immediately permit said vessel to proceed on her voyage; and should any of the said subjects of Tripoli insult or molest the commander or any other person on board a vessel so visited, or plunder any of the property contained in her, on complaint being made by the Consul of the United States of America resident at Tripoli, and on his producing sufficient proof to substantiate the fact, the commander or rais of said Tripoline ship or vessel of war, as well as the offenders, shall be punished in the most exemplary manner. All vessels of war belonging to the United States of America, on meeting with a cruiser belonging to the regency of Tripoli, and having seen her passport and certificate from the Consul of the United States of America residing in the regency, shall permit her to proceed on her cruise unmolested, and without detention. No passport shall be granted by either party to any vessels but such as are absolutely the property of citizens or subjects of said contracting parties, on any pretense whatever.

1087. ARTICLE XI.

The commerce between the United States of America and the regency of Tripoli; the protections to be given to merchants, masters of vessels, and seamen; the reciprocal rights of establishing Consuls in each country, and the privileges, immunities, and jurisdictions to be enjoyed by such Consuls, are declared to be on the same footing with those of the most favored nations, respectively.

1088. ARTICLE XII.

The Consul of the United States of America shall not be answerable for debts contracted by citizens of his own nation, unless he previously gives a written obligation so to do.

1089. ARTICLE XIII.

On a vessel of war belonging to the United States of America anchoring before the city of Tripoli, the Consul is to inform the Bashaw of her arrival, and she shall be saluted with twenty-one guns, which she is to return in the same quantity or number.

1090. ARTICLE XIV.

As the Government of the United States of America has, in itself, no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity of Musselmen, and as the said states never have entered into any voluntary war or act of hostility against any Mohometan nation, except in the defense of their just rights to freely navigate the high seas, it is declared by the contracting parties that no pretext arising from religious opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two nations. And the Consuls and Agents of both nations, respectively, shall have

liberty to exercise his religion in his own house. All slaves of the same religion shall not be impeded in going to the said Consul's house at hours of prayer. The Consuls shall have liberty and personal security given them to travel within the territories of each other, both by land and sea, and shall not be prevented from going on board any vessel that they may think proper to visit. They shall have, likewise, the liberty to appoint their own Dragoman and Brokers.

1091. ARTICLE XV.

In case of any dispute arising from the violation of any of the articles of this treaty, no appeal shall be made to arms, nor shall war be declared on any pretext whatever; but if the Consul residing at the place where the dispute shall happen shall not be able to settle the same, the Government of that country shall state their grievances in writing, and transmit it to the Government of the other; and the period of twelve calendar months shall be allowed for answers to be returned; during which time no act of hostility shall be permitted by either party; and in case the grievances are not redressed, and war should be the event, the Consuls and citizens or subjects of both parties, reciprocally, shall be permitted to embark unmolested on board of what vessel or vessels they shall think proper.

1092. ARTICLE XVIII.

If any of the citizens of the United States, or any person under their protection, shall have any dispute with each other, the Consul shall decide between the parties; and whenever the Consul shall require any aid or assistance from the Government of Tripoli to enforce his decision, it shall immediately be granted to him; and if any dispute shall arise between any citizen of the United States and the citizens or subjects of ary other nation having a Consul or Agent in Tripoli, such disputes shall be settled by the Consuls or Agents of the respective nations.

1093. ARTICLE XIX.

If a citizen of the United States should kill or wound a Tripoline, or, on the contrary, if a Tripoline shall kill or wound a citizen of the United States, the law of the country shall take place, and equal justice shall be rendered, the Consul assisting at the trial; and if any delinquent shall make his escape, the Consul shall not be answerable for him in any manner whatever.

1094. ARTICLE XX.

Should any citizen of the United States of America die within the limits of the regency of Tripoli, the Bashaw and his subjects shall not interfere with the property of the deceased; but it shall be under the immediate direction of the Consul, unless otherwise disposed of by will.