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coast of Labrador. Cape Norman is the north-west point of the island, having on the east Pistolet Bay. Cape Bauld, with Quirpon Harbour and Island, is the north-eastern point of Newfoundland. Hare Bay is a deep and wide gulf, reaching up more than two-thirds of the whole breadth of

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this part of the island, which is very narrow, and branching out into arms and bays, which are sheltered by lofty hills. The French have numerous fishing establishments on this part of the coast. Passing Canada Bay, where fine marble beds are found, and White Bay, we reach Cape St. John, the termination of the French Shore.

The magnificent Bay of Notre Dame now opens up before the gaze of the voyager along the coast. It is more than fifty miles in width at its mouth, and with its numerous arms it reaches seventy or eighty miles inland. Its shores are now famous as the great copper-bearing region. Here are situated Tilt Cove, where the first copper mine was opened, in 1864; Bett's Cove Mine, the most productive yet discovered; and Little Bay Mine, which was commenced in 1878, and appears to be one of the finest copper mines in the world. The whole coast here, for miles inland, is covered with mining grants and licences, and mineral indications are met over an extent of country forty or fifty miles in length.

Notre Dame Bay contains numerous islands, the most important being Twillingate Island, where there is a population of three thousand engaged in fishing; and Fogo, with a population of eight hundred; Herring-Neck, New World Island, with a population of one thousand.

Coming south, the next large bay that claims attention is Bonavista, extending from Cape Freels to Cape Bonavista, having numerous groups of islands, arms, and inlets, and presenting some of the finest scenery in the island. The land in many of these islands and around the head of the bay is very fertile. The town of Bonavista is beautifully situated in a fertile district, and has a population of three thousand. It is one of the oldest settlements. Greenspond is an island on the north side of this bay, with an extensive fishery, and a population of sixteen hundred. The whole population of the bay numbers thirteen thousand.

Catalina is a harbour of refuge at the entrance of Trinity Bay, a magnificent sheet of water running up seventy or eighty miles inland. The town of Trinity lies at the base of Rider's Hill, on one of the finest harbours in the world. On the south side of this bay is the well-known harbour of

Heart's Content, where the Atlantic cables are landed. A population of fifteen thousand are clustered around the shores of Trinity Bay.

Random Sound and Island, from the fertility of the soil, will yet be the garden of Newfoundland.

We now arrive at the last of the great estuaries, the

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beautiful Conception Bay, the most populous and commercially important of all the seats of population, containing forty-one thousand inhabitants, and many thriving towns, villages, and settlements. Harbour Grace, on its northern shore, is the second town in the island, with a fine harbour, a population of eight thousand, and an extensive trade. Carbonear is a thriving town, with a population of five thousand. Other towns and villages are Spaniards Bay,

Bay Roberts, Cupids, Port-de-Grave, and Brigus, near which gold has recently been found. Passing Cape St. Francis, at the entrance of Conception Bay, we once more reach St. John's, twenty miles farther south, after having made a round of the island.

CHAPTER IV.

THE INTERIOR.

The harvest of the sea-The Geographical Survey-Vast tracts of country still unexplored-An adventurous traveller-First impressions of a new country-Cormack's description of the new-found country-Extinction of the aboriginal Indians— Abundance of game-Beaver and venison-A paradise for the sportsman-A vast grazing country-A friendly mountaineerThe island crossed from east to west.

THE seats of population, it will be noticed, are all situated on the various bays and harbours, and the whole of the inhabitants are sprinkled round the sea margin. There are no settlements in the interior or at any distance from the sea-coast. Along the roads connecting the different settlements are farmhouses and cottages at intervals, and a small portion of the soil is cleared and cultivated. On the harvest of the sea, however, the great bulk of the people are dependent for their subsistence. The sea is their

bountiful mother, by whom they are clothed and fed. It is also the grave of many of their kindred. Tales of wreck and disaster form no small part of the fishermen's talk around the winter's hearth.

The geological survey has now been going on for seventeen years, so that Newfoundland is no longer the terra incognita it once was: Large sections of it have been carefully explored by scientific men, and the information

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