Indefinite PronounsClarendon Press, 1997 - 364 sivua This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Most of the world's languages have indefinite pronouns, that is, expressions such as someone, anything, and nowhere. Martin Haspelmath presents the first comprehensive and encyclopaedic investigation of indefinite pronouns in the languages of the world, mapping out the range of variation in their functional and formative properties. He shows that cross-linguistic diversity is severely constrained by a set of implicational universals and by a number of unrestricted universals. The author treats his subject matter broadly within the Humboldt-Greenberg tradition of language typology, but also considers the contribution of other theoretical approaches to an understanding of the functional and formal properties of indefinite pronouns. The book is organized into four logically ordered steps: selection of a part of grammar-- indefinite pronouns--that can be identified across languages by formal and functional criteria; investigation of the properties of indefinite pronouns in a world-wide sample of forty languages; formulation of generalizations that emerge from the data, summarized in the form of an implicational map; and theoretically informed explanations of the generalizations, which go beyond system-internal statements, appealing to cognitive semantics, functional pressures, and universals of language change (especially grammaticalization). |
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... French pronoun quelque chose 'something' differs from the phrase quelque chose 'some thing' in its agreement properties: the pronoun takes masculine agreement (quelque chose s'est passé something happened'), whereas the noun chose thing ...
... French maints 'many' (*les maints). And more importantly, some mid-scalar quantifiers are formally very. with the tradition in ignoring the etymology of pronoun and regarding it as a term with no internal structure, so that combined ...
... French on 'one', German man 'one', English one are also often called 'indefinite pronouns”. It is true that they are both pronominal and indefinite, so they would fall under the definition as stated above, but since generic pronouns ...
... had appeared sporadically earlier, e.g. Gessner (1895) (Spanish), Einenkel (1903) (English), Etzrodt (1909), Ohlhoff (1912), Foulet (1919) (French). * Note also that a typological approach that seeks to 14 Indefinite Pronouns.
... French . Italian . Romanian . Modern Greek . Bulgarian . Serbian/Croatian . Polish . Russian . Lithuanian . Latvian . Irish . Ossetic . Persian . Hindi/Urdu . Turkish . Kazakh . Yakut . Hungarian . Finnish . Nanay . Lezgian . Maltese ...
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