Indefinite PronounsClarendon Press, 1997 - 364 sivua This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Most of the world's languages have indefinite pronouns, that is, expressions such as someone, anything, and nowhere. Martin Haspelmath presents the first comprehensive and encyclopaedic investigation of indefinite pronouns in the languages of the world, mapping out the range of variation in their functional and formative properties. He shows that cross-linguistic diversity is severely constrained by a set of implicational universals and by a number of unrestricted universals. The author treats his subject matter broadly within the Humboldt-Greenberg tradition of language typology, but also considers the contribution of other theoretical approaches to an understanding of the functional and formal properties of indefinite pronouns. The book is organized into four logically ordered steps: selection of a part of grammar-- indefinite pronouns--that can be identified across languages by formal and functional criteria; investigation of the properties of indefinite pronouns in a world-wide sample of forty languages; formulation of generalizations that emerge from the data, summarized in the form of an implicational map; and theoretically informed explanations of the generalizations, which go beyond system-internal statements, appealing to cognitive semantics, functional pressures, and universals of language change (especially grammaticalization). |
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... Diachronic Syntax Workshop at the LSA Linguistic Institute (Tucson, July 1989), the 2nd Eschweger Kolloquium (August 1990), the LAUD Symposium on Reference (Duisburg, March 1991), the International Cognitive Linguistics Conference ...
... Diachronic Typology Source Constructions for Indefiniteness Markers 6.2.1. The 'dunno' type 6.2.2. The 'want/pleases' type 6.2.3. The 'it may be' type 6.2.4. The 'no matter' type Grammaticalization 6.3.1. Grammaticalization theory 6.3.2 ...
... Diachronic Sources of Negative Indefinites 8.3.1. Negative scalar focus particles 8.3.2. Minimal-unit and maximal-unit expressions 8.3.3. Summary of diachronic sources 8.3.4. From negative to non-negative indefinite? 8.4. Concluding ...
... diachronic investigation of indefinite pronouns. Since very few in-depth studies of diachronic changes in indefinite pronouns are available, most of the typological generalizations in the diachronic parts of this book are based on ...
... diachronic sources of indefinite pronouns I identify the original motivation and thereby contribute to explaining their formal properties. In Chapter 8, I single out one of the nine functions, the function of direct negation (as in (11) ...
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