Indefinite PronounsClarendon Press, 1997 - 364 sivua This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Most of the world's languages have indefinite pronouns, that is, expressions such as someone, anything, and nowhere. Martin Haspelmath presents the first comprehensive and encyclopaedic investigation of indefinite pronouns in the languages of the world, mapping out the range of variation in their functional and formative properties. He shows that cross-linguistic diversity is severely constrained by a set of implicational universals and by a number of unrestricted universals. The author treats his subject matter broadly within the Humboldt-Greenberg tradition of language typology, but also considers the contribution of other theoretical approaches to an understanding of the functional and formal properties of indefinite pronouns. The book is organized into four logically ordered steps: selection of a part of grammar-- indefinite pronouns--that can be identified across languages by formal and functional criteria; investigation of the properties of indefinite pronouns in a world-wide sample of forty languages; formulation of generalizations that emerge from the data, summarized in the form of an implicational map; and theoretically informed explanations of the generalizations, which go beyond system-internal statements, appealing to cognitive semantics, functional pressures, and universals of language change (especially grammaticalization). |
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... Functions of Indefinite Pronouns Structuralist Semantics Logical Semantics 5.2.1. Free-choice indefinites and universal or existential quantifiers 5.2.2. (Non-)specific indefinites and referential opacity 5.2.3. Conclusion Syntactic ...
... functional variation that is found in indefinite pronouns. Formally ... function is justified by attested differences between the functional ranges ... free choice (13) Anybody can solve this simple problem. Some 2 Indefinite Pronouns.
... will be mentioned and discussed in connection with free-choice indefinites later (§ 6.5). (Cf. Gil 1991 for an ... function is to express indefinite reference' should be made more specific to include all of them. However, the crucial ...
... free-choice indefinite in (109) is that although the sentence is structurally an imperative sentence, its ... function in a way similar to conditional antecedents. In the sentences in (112), where in each case a free-choice indefinite is ...
... free-choice function (Schachter and Otanes 1972: 532): (125) Matatapos namin ito kailan-man. finish We this when-INDEF 'We can finish this at any time.” So not even Tagalog, which uses its existential strategy quite extensively, lacks ...
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