Indefinite PronounsClarendon Press, 1997 - 364 sivua This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Most of the world's languages have indefinite pronouns, that is, expressions such as someone, anything, and nowhere. Martin Haspelmath presents the first comprehensive and encyclopaedic investigation of indefinite pronouns in the languages of the world, mapping out the range of variation in their functional and formative properties. He shows that cross-linguistic diversity is severely constrained by a set of implicational universals and by a number of unrestricted universals. The author treats his subject matter broadly within the Humboldt-Greenberg tradition of language typology, but also considers the contribution of other theoretical approaches to an understanding of the functional and formal properties of indefinite pronouns. The book is organized into four logically ordered steps: selection of a part of grammar-- indefinite pronouns--that can be identified across languages by formal and functional criteria; investigation of the properties of indefinite pronouns in a world-wide sample of forty languages; formulation of generalizations that emerge from the data, summarized in the form of an implicational map; and theoretically informed explanations of the generalizations, which go beyond system-internal statements, appealing to cognitive semantics, functional pressures, and universals of language change (especially grammaticalization). |
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... the translation), e.g. (ii) Kto-to/kto-nibud' zvonil? 'Did someone/anyone call?” Possible ambiguities in the scope of the slash are avoided by applying the following restriction: only material in bold type may be separated by Notation.
... Someone once said that anything goes. (2) Italian Nessuno ha mai detto questo. nobody has ever said that “Nobody has ever said that.' (3) Russian Kto ugodno možet prijti. who INDEF can come 'Anyone can come.' Japanese Dare-ka ni ki-ite ...
... someone and a lexical noun phrase like a person, this is a formal criterion. It is true that it is not always immediately obvious whether an expression is a pronoun or not. Often pronouns are easily recognizable as such because of ...
... someone' (indefinite pronoun). These facts may explain why mid-scalar quantifiers have often been lumped together with indefinite pronouns. (b) GENERIC PRONOUN's like French on 'one', German man 'one', English one are also often called ...
... someone/anyone, tell me), and there are contexts where either the no-series or the any-series can be used without any meaning difference (I saw nobody/I didn't see anybody). Such close connections, which will be the focus of our ...
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