Indefinite PronounsClarendon Press, 1997 - 364 sivua This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Most of the world's languages have indefinite pronouns, that is, expressions such as someone, anything, and nowhere. Martin Haspelmath presents the first comprehensive and encyclopaedic investigation of indefinite pronouns in the languages of the world, mapping out the range of variation in their functional and formative properties. He shows that cross-linguistic diversity is severely constrained by a set of implicational universals and by a number of unrestricted universals. The author treats his subject matter broadly within the Humboldt-Greenberg tradition of language typology, but also considers the contribution of other theoretical approaches to an understanding of the functional and formal properties of indefinite pronouns. The book is organized into four logically ordered steps: selection of a part of grammar-- indefinite pronouns--that can be identified across languages by formal and functional criteria; investigation of the properties of indefinite pronouns in a world-wide sample of forty languages; formulation of generalizations that emerge from the data, summarized in the form of an implicational map; and theoretically informed explanations of the generalizations, which go beyond system-internal statements, appealing to cognitive semantics, functional pressures, and universals of language change (especially grammaticalization). |
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... verb. The situation in which negative indefinites and verbal negation co-occur has sometimes been called 'double negation', but in fact this situation is much more common cross-linguistically than negative indefinites of the standard ...
... VERBS. Thus the term pronoun (without a hyphen) should not be understood in its etymological sense (“replacing a noun'), but in its traditional sense." Since I am mainly interested in the differences between " If one wants to use ...
... verb, etc., are not contradictory. * I call such words mid-scalar quantifiers because they can be arranged on a scale from maximal to minimal quantity (all—most—many—several—few—none, cf. Horn 1972: 61), where they occupy the middle ...
... verbs “deny' and 'refuse', e.g. Russian nikakaja pomość 'no help', but bez kakoj-libo pomośći “without any help' (*bez nikakoj pomośći). Indefinites in such contexts of implicitly negative expressions and indefinites in the context of ...
... verbs like 'doubt', (49) (a) I doubt that Ronald gave a red cent to charity. (b) We doubt that Juan applied anywhere. and arguments of implicitly negative adpositions like 'without': (50) (a) Noriko is getting by without lifting a ...
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