The Sociolinguistics of Urbanization: The Case of the Nordic Countries

1st PERS SG age groups attitude to language attitudes to Setesdal bilingual Bothnia century colloquial Helsinki context continuity conversational environment conversational situation cultural dialect features dialect variant dominant East Finnish example factors figure Finland Swedes Finland Swedish Finnish language Finnish speakers Finnish-speaking framework function Häme Helsinki slang immigrants indicate individual informants inhabitants integration interaction type interviews Kristiansand Lainio language modification index language shift linguistic linguistic variables living mode municipality Närpes network score Nordic Nordic countries norm Northern features occupational older OLE+C OMA5 Ostrobothnian parish Paunonen person population pronoun proportion question regard region Savo Setesdal dialect Skellefteå social sociolinguistic speak speech community spoken Finnish spoken language standard language standard Swedish stFi stød stressed structure Swedish-speaking Table Thelander town Uppsala Uppsala University Vantaa verb Vissenbjerg vowel West Bothnian West Finnish women workers younger