of life which has destroyed caste, and raised these pursuits, whether professional or industrial, to the eminence to which they are entitled. The marvelous industrial growth, which is to-day attracting so much attention and fills so large a place in the social life of the world, has sprung into existence within the past four centuries, and has achieved its greatest triumphs within the nineteenth century. It had its birth in western Europe; Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland and England early became the seat of agriculture, mining, manufacturing, trade and commerce. The spirit of modern industry, which originated with these people, has been imparted to every civilized nation, and to-day the British colonies, the republics of North and South America, and also Russia, realize the benefits each nation may derive from a system of diversified industry and the development of domestic resources. Japan is taking on a new industrial life, and China is manifesting a similar awakening. If there is one spirit to-day above another which dominates the industrial vitality of all these nations, it arises from the idea that the material welfare and independence of the people of every locality can most surely be promoted and maintained by affording the largest opportunities for the masses to obtain employment in the development of all the resources of their own country. The existence of rich agricultural regions, surrounding beautiful and thriving cities, where a ready exchange of the fruits of labor can be carried on between the agriculturist and manufacturer, securing employment in diversified industries, fitted to the varied aptitudes and capabilities of all, making it possible for a contented and prosperous people to enjoy comforts and luxuries of life, is one of the chief triumphs of protective economics. The industrial achievements of the world are the result of causes, the operation of principles and forces, which stand out prominently in the history of nations. The policies successfully pursued by prosperous commercial nations are well known. The economic policy, if it may be called a policy, of nations which are least prosperous, and whose people are in the most miserable and degraded condition, is equally well known. There are certain facts which are so prominent in the history of mankind, that they have passed beyond the realm of discussion. Neither the conversion of the world to the Christian religion, the establishment of wise ordinances of civil government, nor the industrial growth of prosperous nations, has come about by leaving man to the blind fate of chance, or by his submission to the control of that course of events called, by free trade economists, "the laws of nature." It has not been by inaction, but by aggressive exertion, that everything worth being preserved has been secured. In every instance, from the earliest time to the present, it has been by a control and direction exercised by man over man, proceeding from the combined wisdom and virtue of the people associated together in societies and governments, that every blessing has been secured. 72,890,789 66,944,745 $23,793,588 $ 90,738,333 $ 4,796,745 $ 85,392,565 $ 90,189,310 $ 52,449,855 20,440,934 549,023 5,686,803 72,406,708 78,093,511 5,202,722 1827, 57,878,117 16,431,830 74,309,947 3,703,974 67,628,964 71,332,938 2,977,009 1828, 49,976,632 14,044,578 64,021,210 4,889,435 76,130,648 81,020,083 16,998,873 1829, 55,087,307 12,347,344 67,434,651 4,401,889 62,687,026 67,088,915 345,736 1830, 58,524,878 13,145,857 71,670,735 4,590,28 58,130,675 62,720,956 8,949,779 1831, 59,218,583 13,077,069 72,295,652 6,150,680 89,734,499 95,885,179 23,589,527 1832, 61,726,529 19,794,074 81,520,603 8,341,949 86,779,813 95,121,762 13,601,159 1833, 69,950,856 17,577,876 87,528,732 25,377,582 75,670,361 IO1,047,943 1834, 80,623,662 21,636,553 102,260,215 50,481,548 58,128,152 108,609,700 13,519,211 6,349,485 1835, 100,459,481 14,756,321 115,215,802 64,809,046 71,955,249 136,764,295 21,548,493 1836, 106,570,942 17,767,762 124,338,704 78,655,600 97,923,554 176,579,154 52,240,450 1837, 94,280,895 17,162,232 III,443,127 58,733,617 71,739,186 130,472,803 19,029,676 1838, 95,560,880 9,417,690 104,978,570 43,112,889 52,857,399 95,970,288 9,008,282 1839, 101,625,533 10,626, 140 112,251,673 70,806,616 85,690,340 156,496,956 44,245,283 1840, III,660,561 12,008,371 123,668,932 48,313,391 49,945,315 98,258,706 25,410,226 1841, 103,636,236 8,181,235 III,817,471 61,031,098 61,926,446 122,957,544 II, 140,073 1842, 91,799,242 8,078,753 99,877,995 26,540,470 66,534,601 96,075,071 3,802,924 5,139,335 82,825,689 13,254,249 29,179,215 42,433,464 40,392,225 1844, 99,531,774 6,214,058 105,745,832 18,936,452 83,668,154 102,604,606 3,141,226 1845, 98,455,330 7,584,781 106,040, III 18,077,598 95,106,724 113,184,322 7,144,211 1846, 101,718,042 7,865,206 109,583,248 20,990,007 96,924,058 117,914,065 8,330,817 1847, 150,574,844 6,166,754 156,741,598 17,651,347 104,773,002 122,424,349 34,317,249 1848, 130,203,709 7,9 7,986,806 138,190,515 16,356,319 132,282,325 148,638,644 10,448, 129 1849, 131,710,081 8,641,091 140,351, 172 15,726,425 125,479,774 141,206, 199 855,027 1850, 134,900,233 9,475,493 144,375,/26 18,081,590 155,427,936 173,509,526 29,133,800 1851, 178,620, 138 10, 295, 121 188,915,259 19,653,084 191,118,345 210,771,429 1852, 154,931, 147 12,053,084 166,984,231 24,187,890 183,252,508 207,440,398 21,856,170 40,456, 166 1853, 189,869, 162 13,620, 120 203,489,282 27,182, 152 236,595,113 263,777,265 60,287,983 1854, 215,328,300 21,715,464 237,043,764 25,760,447 272,043,347 297,803,794 60,760,030 1855, 192,751,135 26,158,368 218,909,503 36,430,524 221.378, 184 257,808,708 38,899,205 1856, 266,438,051 14,781,372 281,219,423 52,748,074 257,684,236 310,432,310 29,212,887 1857, 278,906,713 14,917,047 293,823,760 54,267,507 294,160,835 348,428,342 54,604,582 1858, 251,351,033 20,660, 241 272,011,274 61,044,779 202,293,875 263.338,654 8,672,620 a Nine months. 1863, 186,003,912 17,960,535 203,964,447 35,241,924 208,093,891 243,335,815 39,371,368 348,859,522 158,837,988 41,126,332 275,320,951 316,447,283 157,609,295 238,745,580 72,716,277 434,812,066 15,190,781 342,245,659 357,436,440 1869, 275,166,697 10,951,000 286,117,697 21,646,692 395,859,687 417,506,379 1870, 376,616,473 16,155,295 392,771,768 20, 140,786 415,817,622 435,958,408 75,483,541 131,388,682 1871, 428,398,908 14,421,270 442,820,178 36,587,737 483,635,947 520,223,684 77,403,506 1872, 428,487,131 15,690,455 444,177,586 47,267,213 579,327,864 626,595,077 182,417.491 1873, 505,033,439 17,446,483 522,479,922 144,815,884 497,320,326 642,136,210 119,656,288 1874, 569,433,421 151,481,762 1875, 499,284, 100 1876, 525,582,247 1877, 589,670,224 1878, 680,709,268 1879. 698,340,790 665,964,529 823,946,353 11,692,305 1887, 703,022,923 16,849,619 586,283,040 19,562,725 460,741, 190 79,643,481 1888, 683,862, 104 1889, 730,282,609 12,092,403 695,954,507 12,118,766 742,401,375 1890, 845,293,828 12,534,856 857,828,684 1891, 872,270,283 12,210,527 884,480,810 1892, 1,015,732,011 14,546,137 1,030,278, 148 1893, 831,030,785 16,634,409 847,665,194 1894, 869,204,937 22,935,635 892,140,572 1895. 793,392,599 14,145,566 807,538,165 379,795.536 275,199,086 654,994,622 363,233.795 368,736,170 731,969,965 |