Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the ElementsOxford University Press, 2003 - 538 sivua What is the most common element in the universe? Can you name the noble gases? Everything we see around us is made of chemical elements, but most of us know little about them. Penned by award-winning science writer John Emsley, Nature's Building Blocks explains the what, why and wherefore of the chemical elements. Arranged alphabetically, from Actinium to Zirconium, it is a complete guide to all 115 of those that are currently known, with more extensive coverage of those elements we encounter in our everyday life. The entry on each element reveals where it came from, what role it may have in the human body, and the foods that contain it. There are also sections on its discovery, its part in human health or illness, the uses and misuses to which it is put, and its environmental role. Readers discover that the Earth consists of around 90 elements, some of which are abundant, such as the silicon and oxygen of rocks and soils, while some are so rare that they make gold seem cheap. Our own bodies contain about 30 elements, some in abundance, some in trace amounts; some vital to our health, and some that are positively harmful. A list of the main scientific data, and outline properties, are given for every element and each section ends with an "Element of Surprise," which highlights some unexpected way in which each element influences our everyday life. Both a reliable reference source and a high browsable account of the elements, Nature's Building Blocks offers a pleasurable tour of the very essence of our material world. |
Sisältö
Preface | |
Acknowledgements | |
Introduction | 1 |
The elements AZ | 17 |
The periodic table | 511 |
the discovery of the elements in chronological order | 529 |
Bibliography | 533 |
List of elements and atomic numbers | 537 |
The periodic table | |
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Yleiset termit ja lausekkeet
absorbed abundant element acid alloy aluminium amount in body antimony approx arsenic atmosphere Atomic number Atomic weight Boiling point cadmium caesium calcium carbon century cerium CHEMICAL ELEMENT CHEMICAL ELEMENT Data chemist chloride compounds contain copper cubic centimetre Data file Chemical Density Oxide dioxide discovered dysprosium ECONOMIC ELEMENT ELEMENT Data file ELEMENT OF HISTORY ELEMENT OF SURPRISE environment Earth's crust ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENT erbium europium extracted file Chemical symbol fluoride gold grams per cubic half-life heating helium human body Blood HUMAN ELEMENT hydrogen iodine ions iron isotope kilograms kilograms per litre known lanthanides lanthanum lithium lutetium magnesium manganese MEDICAL ELEMENT Melting point mercury metal milligrams million tonnes mineral neutrons nickel nitrogen nuclear oxide oxygen periodic table phosphate plants platinum plutonium potassium produced radioactive rare-earth elements salts samarium selenium silicon silver sodium Soils Sea water sulfide sulfur thallium thorium titanium toxic tungsten uranium vanadium ytterbium yttrium zinc zirconium
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