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Before terminating this account, I beg leave to present the following remarks:

First. It would not be just to institute a comparison between papers which at this time exist only in manuscript, and papers which have been printed by their authors; the latter being in all cases more complete and more elaborately worked out than the former.

Second. I trust that I am amply supported, by the documentary history which I have produced, in the view which I first took, namely, that the discovery of this new planet is the effect of a movement of the age. It is shown, not merely by the circumstance that different mathematicians have simultaneously but independently been carrying on the same investigations, and that different astronomers, acting without concert, have at the same time been looking for the planet in the same part of the heavens; but also by the circumstance that the minds of these philosophers, and of the persons about them, had long been influenced by the knowledge of what had been done by others, and of what had yet been left untried ; and that in all parts of the work the mathematician and the astronomer were supported by the ex

hortations and the sympathy of those whose opinions they valued most. I do not consider this as detracting in the smallest degree from the merits of the persons who have been actually engaged in these investigations.

Third. The history presents a remarkable instance of the importance, in doubtful cases, of using any received theory as far as it will go, even if that theory can claim no higher merit than that of being plausible. If the mathematicians, whose labours I have described, had not adopted B de's law of distances, (a law for which no physical theory of the rudest kind has ever been suggested,) they would never have arrived at the elements of the orbit. At the same time this assumption of the law is only an aid to calculation, and does not at all compel the computer to confine himself perpetually to the condition assigned by this law, as will have been remarked in the ultimate change of mean distance made by both the mathematicians, who have used Bode's law to give the first approximation to mean dis

tance.

Fourth. The history of this discovery shows that, in certain cases, it is advantageous for the progress of science that the publication of theories, when so far matured as to leave no doubt of their general accuracy, should not be delayed till they are worked to the highest imaginable perfection. It appears to be quite within probability, that a publication of the elements, obtained in October, 1845, might have led to the discovery of the planet in November, 1845.

472

PATENTS

From January, 1st, to December 23rd, 1846.

It is frequently difficult to make an abstract of the lengthy descriptions given by the patentees of their inventions, sufficiently short for the purpose of this list, and yet sufficiently accurate to indicate exactly the nature of the invention. It is hoped, however, that sufficient is given to afford to an inquirer the means of making more accurate researches in other authorities.

Adams, W. B., wheel carriages, Nov. 12
Adorns, J. N., cigars, Feb. 17
Adorns, J. N., cigars, Mar. 2
Ainslie, J., bricks, &c., Mar. 31
Aitkin, W., carriages, Aug. 15
Anderson, W., cotton spinning, Oct. 22
Allingham, J., steam engines, Ap. 7
Applegarth, A., printing, Dec. 21
Armstrong, W. G., crane, July 31
Anderson, Sir J. C., motive power,
June 29

Arney, G. A., gelatine, Jan. 20
Ashby, W., flour, Ap. 25

Ashe, W., cleansing drains, &c., Nov. 19
Aston, J., buttons, &c., May 28
Austen and Rammell, mosaic work,

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Bessemer, H., glass, July 30

Bessemer, H., railway engines, Aug. 26
Biches, F. H., distilling, July 23
Bielfield, C. F., moulds, July 14
Bigelow, E. B., carpet looms, Mar. 11
Benfield, J., railway signals, Mar. 11
Bingley, M., bookbinding, Dec. 15
Bishop, J., passengers' carriages, Aug. 25
Bishop, P., bayonets, Ap. 21
Bleasdale, H., rollers, Dec. 24
Blyth, J., bottle stoppers, May 28
Bonser, T., agriculture, July 15
Borelli, G., bridges, &c., Nov. 3
Borgoguon, J. M., basaltic lava, Aug. 11
Borrie, P., piers, &c., Dec. 21
Bovill, G. H., iron, Jan. 31
Bovill, G. H., flour, Aug. 18

Bovill and Griffith, railways, &c., Mar. 11
Bowman, J. W., animal charcoal, Sep. 17
Boydell, J., carriages, Aug. 29
Boyes, J., thrashing machine, July 23
Bozeh, J. R., railway wheels, Jan. 6
Braithwaite, J., ventilating, &c., Jan. 20
Bridges, H., railway wheels, Dec. 1
Britten, J., heating apparatus, Feb. 25
Brockedon, W., india-rubber articles,
Nov. 19
Brocklehurst, J., window sashes, Feb. 11
Brooman, R. A., railway, &c., carriages,

Jan. 20

Brown, F., stove ovens, Sep. 17
Brown, J., weaving, Jan. 29
Brown, J. H., envelopes, Feb. 25
Brown, J. H., envelopes, Mar. 2
Brown, Sir S., railways, &c., July 14
Brown, S., gas engines, &c., Feb. 3
Brown, W. S., sails, Jan. 6
Bryere, P., boots, Oct. 2

Buchanan, J., propellers, &c., Aug. 15
Budd, J. P., iron, Feb. 11
Budd, J. P., iron, Mar. 13
Bullock, J. L., quinine, May 12
Bullough, J., looms, Dec. 1
Bunnett, J., water closets, April 15
Burkee, W. H., waterproof fabrics,
Jan. 20
Burkinyoung, F. H., pianofortes, June 16
Burleigh, R. C., artificial light, Aug. 28
Calvert, F. C., jute, Mar. 11

Campin, F, W., motive power, Jan. 22
Campion, J., soldiers' belts, Dec. 15
Cantells, W. J., hatching eggs, &c.,
Feb. 26

Carmichael, P., heckling flax, May 5
Carpenter, W., threshing machines, Mar. 25
Carter, J., paddle wheels, May 5
Carter, J., lubricator, Dec. 14
Chance, J. T., glass, Ap. 28
Chesshire, E., railway guard, Feb. 3
Chinnock, C., expanding furniture,

Jan. 12

Chinnock, C., envelopes, Sep. 24
Chubb, J., locks, Dec. 14
Church, W., candlesticks, &c., May 5
Clark, C., steam generator, June 29
Clark, T., motive power, Feb. 11
Clark, W., weighing machines, June 30
Clark, W., lace, Jan. 17
Claussen, P., weaving, Feb. 20
Cottam, E., bedsteads, June 16
Clausen, P., propelling, &c., July 23
Clift, S., distilling tar, Dec. 8
Cochran, J. W., cutting wood, June 2
Coles, J., spinal distortions, Sep. 3
Collier, E. H., nails, Mar. 10
Condie, J., malleable iron, Oct. 15
Cooper, J., vegetable decomposition,

Jan. 22

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Cotton, W., knitting machine, June 22
Coulson, T. L., chairs, June 29
Cowan, C., paper, &c., Jan. 29
Cowper, E. A., railway chairs, May 26
Craddock, T., steam engines, Dec. 3
Crampton, T. R., locomotive engines,
Aug. 25

Crease, H., paints, July 23
Crofts, W., lace, Aug. 20
Croll, A. A., gas meters, May 12
Crosley, H., sugar, Ap. 1
Cunningham, Å. B., propellers, Oct. 1

Dacie, J., boots and shoes, Dec. 7
Davies, D., carriage steps, Sep. 17
Deacon, H., flattening kilns, Sep. 24
Deard, T. M., steam furnaces, Feb. 25
De Boissimon, J. H., corks, May 28

Defries, N., gas meters, May 27
De Fontainemoreau, P. A. L., cotton
wadding, Feb. 28

De Fontainemoreau, P. A. L., brick

De Fontainemoreau, P. A. L., harness,
Ap. 15
making, Sep. 3
De Fontainemoreau, P. A. L., corks,
Sep. 24
De La Fons, J. P., locks, July 6
Delain, A., musical instruments, Aug. 29
Delfosse, M. F. J., steam boilers, Aug. 25
Dell, E. C., lighting buildings, &c.,
Mar. 25
Desboissierres, N. F. C., fuel, Feb. 17
De Sussex, F. S., soda, June 29
Deubon, J., cotton spinning, Nov. 21
Dickinson, T. F., gas meters, Dec. 15
Dickson, J. H., saddles, July 23
Dircks, H., vegetable extracts, Mar. 4
Donkin, J., paper, Oct. 15
Douglas, J., casting patterns, Jan. 9
Douglas, J., yarn, &c., Ap. 30
Downing, G., pen holders, July 6
Dowse, C., paper, Aug. 11

Dreschke, T. A., musical instruments,
July 31
Duncan, G., confectionery, May 19
Durand, F., leather tubes, &c., Oct. 15
Durnerin, J. M., manufacturing fat,

Jan. 13

Eaton, W., motive power, Nov. 17
Eddy, G. W., cast metal wheels, Nov. 3
Ellins, G., salt machine, Dec. 1
Etienne, A., railways, &c., Jan. 31
Etievant, S., stoves, Feb. 17
Exall, W., wheels, &c., Nov. 3
Fairbairn, P., flax spinning, Oct. 2
Fairbairn, W., iron beams, Oct. 8
Farnsworth, J., bricks, Oct. 8
Farthing, W., glass, Oct. 8
Faucon, J. S., fulling, June 29
Ferant, M. L., oils, Oct. 8
Firchild, C. W., rotatory engine, July 23
Ford, C., earthenware, Dec. 14
Forder, A. T., motive power, &c., Jan. 29
Foster, W. A., machine belts, Aug. 29
Fothergill, B., cotton spinning, June 16
Fouillett, C. M., railways, Oct. 2
Fourdrinier, G. H., earthenware, &c.,
July 23
Fox, C., cutting, &c., metals, Sep. 24
Franklin, H., bricks, Sep. 17
Fuller, J., seed sowing, Mar. 5
Galloway, E., locomotive engines, Ap. 18
Galloway, E., rotatory engines, Dec. 14
Gandell and Brunton, moveable bridges,
Mar. 25

Garrett, S. T., cement, &c., June 22
George, J., building, June 22
Gibson, M., reaping, &c., Aug. 22

Gillard, J. P., producing heat, Feb. 11
Gillett, J., hay cutter, Ap. 18
Gillett, J., alarums, June 22
Gongy, P. F., cranes, &c., Dec. 23
Gonin, L. S., printing, Dec. 21
Gray, J., gas meters, Aug. 17
Greaves, H., railways, May 22
Green, W., boot hooks, Mar. 11
Greener, W., illumination, &c., Feb. 7
Greenhow, C. H., railways, &c., Jan. 6
Greenwood, J., dyeing, Jan. 29
Griffiths, T. F., stamping metals, Feb. 3
Gripenberg, O., agriculture, July 14
Grout, P., plaister of Paris, &c., Mar. 11
Guichard, E. A. D., calico printing,
Feb. 17

Gustafsson, G. F., steam engines, July 14
Hague, C., cotton spinning, Mar. 9
Hall, J. L., drainage, &c., Oct. 22
Hall, G. F., pawnbrokers' duplicates, &c.,
Jan. 29

Hall, W. M., lamps, &c., June 22
Hamilton, S. H., dredging, &c., Aug. 20
Hancock, C., gutta percha, Jan. 12
Hancock, C., gutta percha, May 15
Hancock, T., caoutchouc, Mar. 18
Hasluck, D. S., harness, Aug. 13
Hastings, J., bricks, June 30
Harvey, N., filters, Sep. 3

Haycraft, W. T., steam engines, Ap. 15
Healy, J., woven fabric, Nov. 17
Heath, R., wheels, July 27
Heuson, H., railways, Aug. 31
Heuson, H., goods wrappers, &c., Nov. 5
Heseltine, S., jun., oil lamps, Oct. 8
Higgs, W., sewer manure, Ap. 28
Highton, H., electric telegraphs, Feb. 3
Hill, L., jun., ship-building iron, July 14
Hillary, A. W., gas, July 23
Hillmann, J., cotton, &c., Feb. 25
Holdsworth, A. H., buoys, Aug. 29
Holdsworth, S., railway break, Oct. 8
Howard, T., steam engine condensers,

Howell, G., plating, Jan. 29
Hunt, J., soda, Ap. 9
Hutton, J., chronometers, Oct. 22
Hyde, J., looms, May 28
Hyde, S., refrigerators, Ap. 15
Пles, C., carding, Mar. 25

Mar. 25

Iles, C., dress fastenings, Aug. 11
Jacob, G. W., embossing, &c, Nov. 12
Jeffreys, J., propellers, &c., May 16
Jennings, H. C., evaporator, Aug. 11
Jennings, J., threshing, Dec. 21
Johnson, A. R., hats, &c., June 18
Johnson, W., cranes, Dec. 1
Johnson, W., propellers, Dec. 2
Jones, R. L., charcoal, &c., Mar. 5
Jones, T., cotton spinning, June 22
Jullion, J. T., chemical acids, Oct. 22

Keating, J., cement, Feb. 11
Keeley, J., lace, Dec. 14

Kenrick, T., enamelling iron, May 26
King, A. E., magnetic electricity, Ap. 30
Kite, W., engine chimneys, Oct. 15
Kloes, J., substitute for leather, Feb. 16
Knight, G., excavating, &c., July 14
Krupp, A., spoons, &c., Aug. 26
Kurtz, A., sulphuric acid, Jan. 20
Lamb, J., clogs, Sep. 24
Lambert, T., taps, Ap. 30

Leahy, E., steam road-carriages, Jan. 15
Leahy, M., steam engines, Nov. 5
Lewis, G., shutters, &c., Ap. 7
Lister, S. C., wool combing, Dec. 1
Little, W., printing machine, May 12
Lodge, G., heating water, Aug. 10
Longbottom, J., oil cake, Mar. 18
Longmaid, W., alkali, Dec. 14
Longridge, R. B., locomotives, Jan. 13
Longshaw, W., cotton spinning, May 5
Lord, A., steam-boiler furnaces, June 24
Love, R., paving, Dec. 1
Lowe, G., gas, June 4
Lowe, G., fuel, &c., Oct. 8
Lucas, T., confectionery, July 29

Lutwyche, C. T., porcelain buttons,

May 22
Maberly, F. H., motive power, Nov. 5
M'Bride, J., weaving, Nov. 12
M'Gary, W., lamps, July 6
M'Sweeny, T. J., steering ships, Mar. 25
Mac Carthy, J. J. A., anchors, Oct.

22

Maccand, E. A., gas burners, Oct. 22
Maddock, J., potters' ovens, Feb. 25
Malins, W., building, Jan. 20
Mallett, R., railway carriages, July 30
Mapple, H., electric telegraphs, Oct. 27
Markwich, A., epithems, May 20
Marvin, R., area gratings, May 28
Masters, T., liquid coolers, Nov. 17
Mather, W., metallic pistons, Ap. 28
Maudslay, J., propellers, Jan. 13
May, C., riveting, Ap. 15

Mayer, A. J., wood cutting, Feb. 25
Mayn, W., aerated liquors, May 26
Mayo, W., aerated liquors, Dec. 1
Meade, H. M., food for cattle, Ap. 15
Melling, T., steam engines, May 7
Mercer, J., scouring wool, &c., May 2
Mercer, J., dyeing, June 22
Middlemore, W., saddles, July 13
Mill, W., inkstands, &c., June 29
Milligan, W., power loom, Feb. 4
Millward, A., embossing, Oct. 15
Milon, M. J., roads, Oct. 8
Moggridge, W. H., artificial gums, Mar.
31
Montgomery, J., steam engines, &c., May

26

Pilbrow, J., propellers, Jan. 31
Pinel, J. F., grinding wheat, Dec. 1
Plaget, L. H., metallic ornaments, Nov.
12

Moreland, J., setting coppers, &c., June

29
Moreweod, E., cleaning fibrous substances,
Oct. 2
Morewood, E., iron, Dec. 7.
Mott, J. H. R., musical instruments, Ap.
28

Muntz, G. F., metal plates, Oct. 15
Nurdock, J., painting, Feb. 11
Nairne, W., propellers, March 2
Nairne, W., propellers, March 11
Nalder, F., glass, Oct. 8
Napier, J., smelting, July 20
Nasmyth, J., motive power, Feb. 16
Nerot, E., paper, Sep, 24
Nesham, W. T, cranes, June 22
Newton, A. V., grinding grain, &c., Feb.
11

Newton, A. V., screw machines, May 5
Newton, A. V., sugar, July 23
Newton, A. V., tempering metal, Sep. 24
Newton, A. V., driving bands, Nov. 3
Newton, W., piled fabrics, Jan. 20
Newton, W. E., speed regulator, Feb. 11
Newton, W. E., thread, Feb. 16
Newton, W. E., thread, March 11
Newton, W. E., clocks, &c., April 28
Newton, W. E., fruit preserving, Sep.
17

Nicholson, W., glass, March 5
Nisbet, R., locomotives, Feb. 19
Nott, J., telegraph, Jan. 20
Osborn, J. T., agriculture, July 23
Osborne, R. B., bridges, &c., Dec. 21
Palliser, G., carriage seats, May 5
Palmer, J., lamps, &c., Sep. 17
Palmer, W., packing tallow, Oct. 15
Paret, N. A. E., silk, &c., Nov. 2
Parish, H. H., purifying water, Nov. 2
Parkes, A., animal substances, March 25
Parkes, A., candles, Aug. 25
Parkes, Z. M., coffins, May 22
Parkin, T., propellers, June 29
Parry, H., hats, Aug. 20

Pattinson, W. W., chlorine, July 14
Payne, C., preserving, June 29
Payne, T., metal rolls, Aug. 4
Pemberton, T., jun., carving furniture,

Feb. 25

Perceval, P. A., telegraphs, April 23
Percy, W. C. S., bricks, &c., June 2
Perkins, J. P., paper cutting, March 11
Perpigna, A., regulators, June 29
Perpigna, J., plaiting, Dec. 21
Perry, J., wool combing, Dec. 21
Perry, S., straps, &c., May 19
Philcox, G., chronometers, Apr. 25
Phillips, G., flower stand, Aug, 17
Pickford, S., ale casks, April 28
Pidding, W., coffee preserving, May 5
Pidding, W., carriages, Nov. 21

Platt, J., cotton spinning, Feb. 25
Poole, M., cleaning, &c., grain, Feb. 25
Poole, M., fibrous fabrics, June 2
Poole, M., steam regulators, June 29
Poole, M., terry, Aug. 17
Poole, M., vegetable fibres, Sep. 10
Poole, M., electric telegraphs, Dec, 14
Poole, M., steam engines, Dec. 21
Poole, M., surgical instruments, Dec. 21
Pope, T., propellers, March 25
Potter, H., paper staining, April 1
Price, A. W, anchors, Jan. 17
Prideaux, T. S. excavating, July 15
Ramsbotham, H. R., wool combing, Nov.

Ransom, F., bricks, &c., July 6
Rayser, W., looking glass, Aug. 11
Reade, J. B., inks, Dec. 3
Reid, J. P., looms, Oct. 22
Reid, W., wire, Oct. 29

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