occupying a space of over 400 acres.

The tidal harb. entrance has

been formed to the left of the old harb., and the floating docks lead out of the tidal harbours, and, passing by canals under the bridge leading from Calais to Saint Pierre, extend to the old works on the W. side of the town. The tidal harb. has an area of 18 acres and a minimum depth of 13ft LWST., and 29ft HWST. The W. side of the tidal basin is used for merchant vessels. There are magnificent quays and warehouses. The works will be completed in about two years. There is a careening slip in the harb. for vessels up to 500 tons. Charges. On vessel of 100 tons £4 155, ballast 8d to Is ton. Dues on a vessel of 1,222 reg. tons coming from India, America, &c., full cargo, dft. 20ft, about £12. Pilotage. 2d reg. ton for loaded vessels; half for ships in ballast. Inwards from the roads on a vessel of 222 reg. tons 21d reg. ton. Extra pilotage at sea, if taken further than 8m one-fifth. Outwards £6 4s 6d. In ballast 1d ton. Steamers pay for pilotage, loaded or in ballast 1d reg. ton. Towage. On vessel of 1,222 reg. tons coming from India, America, &c., with full cargo and drawing 20ft : - inwards, about 4d reg. ton £19 7s (Im about 4d; Im to 3m about ód; 3m to 6m about 7d); outwards £7 6s 6d (if a steamer up to 1,000 reg. tons about £3). Eng. Brokers. A. Duniagou, G. Foissey, A. Henry, A. Hobacq.

CALCUTTA, India. Lat. 22° 33' N ; long. 88° 20' E. Pop. 683,458. Tr.-I. Salt, coal, iron, piece goods, cotton yarn, wearing apparel, stationery, hardware, machinery, malt liquors, wine and other spirits, petroleum, flour, tobacco, &c.; E. Cotton, rice, dye stuffs, oils, seeds, shawls, hides, spices, cutch, gunny cloths, hemp, indiarubber, jute, opium, safflower. Accn. Ships of 5,500 tons can ascend to city, where there is jetty and mooring accommodation. The pilots practically take vessels of any dft. up and down the river, but the maximum dft. may be calied 25ft. Below Saugor it is left to the pilot's discretion whether be will pilot a vessel drawing more than 22ft of water. There are nine graving docks, running from 180ft to 352ft in length, and three dry docks of from 174ft to 192ft in length. Charges. Tonnage dues 6d ton. Harb. master's fees vary according to the work required of him. Hospital dues id. Light dues id ton. Stevedore 7d ton. Pilotage. Outwards from within the port to below Fort Gloucester 1-12th; Hog River Obelisk 2-12ths; the Anchoring Creek 3-12ths; Diamond Harb. Telegraph Station 4-12ths; Rangafulla Obelisk (SE.) 5-12ths; Mud Point Telegraph Station (ESE.) 6-12ths; the Fairway Buoy of Bedfords or the lowermost buoy of the Auckland, if in that channel 7-12ths; the Apex Buoy of Bedfords or the A Buoy of the Western Channel, according to the channel used, 8-12ths; a line E. or W. of Saugor anchoring buoy or of the H Buoy for the western channel, 9-12ths; a line ENE. or WSW. of the lower Gaspar light-vessel for the eastern channel or WSW. of the lower eastern reef head passage buoy for the south channel, 10-12ths; a line ENE. of the Spit Buoy for the eastern channel or WSW. of the south channel reef buoy for the south channel, 11-12ths; a line drawn E. and W. of the lower reef buoy or the pilot station, full. Inwards, to within the port, exactly the same rates as above, and with the same divisions. In place of reading "To below," read "From below." Intermediate or broken pilotage is calculated by simple subtraction of the proportion leviable for the shorter distance from that chargeable to the

96 5 0

8 12ths.

9-12ths. 10-12ths.. 11-12ths.

Full

9 3 4

10 O O

The pilotage is divided into twelfths for the convenience of charging intermediate or broken pilotage-viz., from sea to places short of Calcutta and from and to intermediate places, as also for the purpose of the proportionate reduction (one-fourth) being made when vessels are tugged by steam any portion of the distance. Towage. No tariff. A written agreement is always drawn up. A vessel of 1,362 tons paid for towage from Saugor Light to town £120, and to moorings 15; towage from moorings to sea £170, which may be taken as a fair average of the usual charges.

CALDERA, Chili. Lat. 27° 5' 20" S; long. 70° 52′ 45′′ W. Pop. 3,000. Tr.-I. Coals, iron, bricks, and . machinery; E. Copper and silver ores, bar silver, copper, and regulus. Accn. Vessels of 20ft dft. can lie alongside the wharf. Charges. For doing ship's business in custom-house about £14 Is 8d. Pilotage. From £1 9s 2d for vessels of 100 to 200 reg. tons, to £4 15s 1od for vessels of 1,000 to 2,000 reg. tons, and £5 45 2d for vessels over 2,000 reg. tons. Towage. No tug. boats here, but when necessary vessels can employ whaleboats at a cost of £1 or a little more.

CALLAO, Peru. Lat. 12° 4' S; long. 77° 13' W. Pop. About 32,000. Tr.-I. Almost every article of necessity; E. Guano, nitrate of soda, chemicals, sugar, salt, wool, cochineal, coffee, tobacco, rice, &c. Accn. A good mole has been erected, but it is too small for the increased demand for space by shipping. There is also a dock and a floating dry dock for the largest vessels. Charges. Discharging: foreign merchandise 5/10 per metric ton, coal 4/4, lumber of all descriptions 4/4; loading: all kinds of merchandise 2/11 per m.t. Dock charge 12 cents silver per reg. ton.

CALMAR, Sweden. Lat. 56° 39′ 15′′ N ; long. 16° 22′ 20′′ E. Pop. About 12,000. Tr.-I. Coals, salt, colonial produce, herrings, seeds, ivory, pig-iron, and lead; E. Deals, timber, paper, limestone, flour, and cattle. Accn. Inside harb. close to pier 13ft. There is a patent slip for vessels up to 300 tons. Pilotage. 3/2 for 6ft dft. per four English miles, 1/7 for every additional foot. On a vessel of 100 reg. tons, with cargo in and out, 1oft dft. 12/24.

CANDIA, Turkey. Lat. 35° 21' N ; long. 24° or' E. Pop. 20,000. Tr.-I. Calico, cotton twist, flour, leather, sugar, rice, barley, &c.; E. Olive oil, soap, wine, raisins, &c. Accn. Harb. very narrow, 11 and 12ft inside where it is quite safe.

Pilotage. 10 on entering and 10/ on clearing. Mooring expenses about 15s. CANEA, Turkey. Pop. 14,000. Tr.-I. Calico, cotton twist, flour, leather, sugar, rice, barley, tobacco, timber, coffee, woollens, rum and spirits, iron, soda ash, codfish, herrings, jute, sacks, coals, &c.; E. Olive oil, soap, wine, carobs, raisins, oranges, valonia, cheese, &c. Accn. Harb. has 15ft at entrance, but 12ft only where ships moor. Charges, Mooring 25/.

Pilotage. S to 12/ in or out.

CANNES, France. Lat. 48° 48' N ; long. 9° 11' E. Pop. about 14,000. Tr.-E. Perfumery, oil, and soap. Accn. There is 15ft of water in the harb., which is protected by a mole, and has a fine quay. Eng. Broker. Janot.

CANTON, China. Lat. 23° 7' 10" N; long. 113° 14' 3" E. Pop. Estimated 1,600,000. Tr.-I. Opium, cotton and woollen piece goods, and native imports, such as silk, tea, and cotton goods; E. Tea, silk, matting, preserves, &c. Accn. 13 to 17ft on the bar. Vessels of 1,000 tons can ascend as far as Canton. Almost all steamers lighten at Whampoa, about 14 miles below Canton, and all sailing vessels anchor there. Charges. Tonnage dues 2/ reg. ton, which include harb. light, mooring dues, &c. Pilotage. Whampoa to Hong Kong, or vice versa, 6 to 9ft dit. £2 12s 1d; 10 to 18ft dft. £5 4s 2d; 19ft dft. £6 5s; 20 to 22ft dft. 8 6s 8d. Canton to Whampoa, or vice versa, any dft. £2 1s 8d. Towage. Included in pilotage.

CAPE HAYTIEN, Hayti. Lat. 19° 46' 40" N; long. 72° 10' 42" W. Pop. About 9,000. Tr.-I. Lumber, provisions, fish, hardware, tobacco, and naval stores; E. Coffee, cocoa, logwood, honey, and hides. Accn. Vessels of 18ft dft. can approach to within three cable lengths of the town, and there is an excellent quay at which vessels drawing 15ft can dis. charge and load. Charges. On a 400 ton vessel, ballast in, cargo out £291 135 48. Pilotage. On a vessel of 400 tons, ballast in and cargo out, in and out and signal £2 18s 4d; to the Government £2 14s 2d and 20 per cent additional; to ballast ground £1 5s.

CAPE TOWN, Africa. Lat. 33° 56′ 3′′ S; long 18° 28′ 45′′ E. Pop. 30,000. Tr.-I. Woollens, cottons, hardware, furniture, haberdashery, paper, books, tea, sugar, teak, &c. ; E. Corn, wool, wine, hides, skins, horns, aloes, butter, beef, ivory, argol, dried fish, whale and seal oil, copper ore, diamonds, &c. Accn. Two docks or basins (inner and outer), inner entrance 100ft wide, outer entrance 200ft wide. Inner basin or dock about 10 acres, outer basin 6 acres. Inner basin 24ft at the north end, and 20ft at the south. Outer basin 20ft for large vessels, and Ioft for small. There are two jetties or piers to protect the entrance to the basins. South jetty 240ft long, 20ft broad. The other, a breakwater, is carried out to 1,860ft at HWM., with a lighthouse on the sea head. There is a dry dock 530ft in length, and a patent slip for vessels up to 1,500 tons. Charges. Dock dues 6d reg. ton for 21 days, and 3d ton per week afterwards, no harb. nor light dues. 4 ton for goods landed; 2/ ton if transhipped. Coals landed 2/ ton.

CARLSHAMN, Sweden. Lat. 56° 11′ N; long. 14° 52′ E. Pop. About 8 000. Tr.-I. Tobacco, cotton, &c.; E. Iron, timber, potash, pitch, and tar. Accn. Small but safe harb., can receive vessels of 13ft dft. at the loading bridge.

Charges. Tonnage dues, vessels of 50 tons and upwards 1/6 ton. Pilotage. See Carlskrona.

CARLSKRONA, Sweden. Lat. 56° 9' N; long. 14° 35' E. Pop. About 19,500. Tr.-I. Colonial produce, salt, &c. ; E. Wood, deals, sails, iron, steel, copper, pitch, granite, tar, &c. Accn. Has a large, good, and deep harb., 16ft to 20ft deep inside; vessels of 14ft dft. can unload direct into mer. chants' wharves. There are six graving docks owned by the Government, which can accommodate the largest ships. Charges. On vessel of 200 tons, with cargo in and out, about £15 10s. Pilotage. On a vessel of 12ft dft., cargo in and out, both ways I 19s. Towage. Steamtug can always be obtained.

CARRIZAL, Chili. Lat. 28° 05' S; long. 71°W. Pop. 2,000. Tr.-I. Coals, bricks, merchandise, &c.; E. Copper, regulus, lead in bars, and ores. Accn. Affords shelter for only about 6 or 8 vessels from a southerly wind. Charges. Hospital dues 5d per reg. ton. Pilotage. From £1 os 10d for vessels under 100 reg. tons to £3 2s 6d for vessels of 500 to 600, and so in proportion.

CARTHAGENA, Spain. Lat. 37° 36′ N; long. o° 58′ 42′′ W. Pop. About 38,000. Tr.-I. Coal, coke, wood, grain, and flour; E. Silver, lead, zinc and iron ores, and esparto grass. Accn. There is sufficient water for the largest ships. A floating dry dock for the biggest vessels. Pilotage. For a moderate-sized vessel 14/6 inward and outward; large vessels in proportion.

CARTHAGENA, U.S. Columbia. Lat. 10° 18′ 58′′ N ; long. 75° 35' 19′ W. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-I. Flour, codfish, hams, butter, cheese, glassware, earthenware, ironmongery, pitch, tar, rosin, cordage, and copper; E. Gold, tobacco, cocoa, balsam, indiarubber, vegetable ivory, cedar, mahogany, hides, sugar, &c. Accn. Vessels of large dft. anchor in 6 fms off Pastelileo Fort. Small craft drawing 6ft lie alongside the walls of the city. Charges. Tonnage dues, about 3 for every ton of cargo delivered. Light dues, 15/ for the first 100 reg. tons, and about d for each additional ton. Stamp charges heavy. Clearance 12 for any-sized vessel. Sand ballast 1/6 per ton. Pilotage. There are very good pilots in the city and at the entrance of the port (called Bocachica). The dues are as follows, in case the vessel is taken outside Bocachica :-Steamers £2 1s 8d, barques £1 135 4d, brigs £1 5s, schooners 16/8. When the vessel is taken at Bocachica these dues are reduced half.

CATANIA, Italy. Sicily. Lat. 37° 28′ N ; long. 15° 5' E. Pop. About 106,000. Tr.-I. Manufactures on a large scale. Colonial: Iron, coal, machinery; E. Sulphur, wheat, barley, rice, beans, maize, linseed, hempseed, oranges, lemons, almonds, shumac, and a large variety of other produce. Accn. A large harb., capable of accommodating, with facility and safety, the largest ships. Charges. Port charges for a vessel of 317 tons £15 6s 4d. Pilotage. Inwards: to 50 reg. tons 11/10; 51 to 100, 19/9; 101 to 150, £1 38 9d; 151 to 200, 17s 8d; 201 to 250, £1 12s 5d; 251 to 300, £1 185; 301 and upwards, £2 3s 6d. Outwards: Half of above according to tonnage by applying to the head pilot at the Health Office. In above charges, mooring and unmooring the ship is also included.

CAUDEBEC, France.

Renault.

River Seine. Eng. Broker.

CEARA, Brazil. Lat. 3° 42′ 5′′ S; long. 38° 27′ 31" W. Pop. 35,000. Tr.-I. Breadstuffs, general merchandise, manufactured goods, metals, leather, wine, and machinery; E. Cotton, hides, indiarubber, sugar, &c. Accn. Anchorage in 4 to 5 fms. Harb. formed by a reef of rocks running parallel with the beach, and about 400yds distant. Charges. On a vessel of 383 tons arriving in ballast and loading cargo of cotton and indiarubber £258 5s 10d. Pilotage. On vessel of 383 reg. tons arriving in ballast, and loading a cargo of cotton and india-rubber, inward £2 14s, outward £2 5s.

CETTE, France. Lat. 43° 24' N; long. 3° 42' E. Pop. 37,000. Tr.-I. Principally coal tar, pitch, staves, wheat, oats, beans, coal, tallow, petroleum, oranges, citrons, wood, iron ore, and also large quantities of Italian, Spanish, Dalmatian, and Greek wines; E. Salt, wine, spirits, fruits, brandy, and French coal from the mining districts of the departments of Hirault, Gard, and the Centre. Accn. Three basins, the Old Port, the New Port, and the basin of the S. W. Ry. Co. The harbour is protected by a breakwater running E. to W., forming two entrances. Vessels drawing 21ft can enter. The old basin or port admits vessels drawing 18ft; the New Port and S. W. Ry. Co.'s basin, vessels of 17ft. There are five pontoons for heaving down vessels of 1,200 tons. Charges. On a vessel of 250 reg. tons about £33. Pilotage. 1st Line :-Six miles distance from entrance during the day, and three miles distance during the night, 3d reg. ton. 2nd Line :-Three miles distance from the entrance during the day only, or if the vessel is taken between the first and second line by the pilot 2d reg. ton. 3rd Line:-If the vessel is taken by the pilot between the second line and the entrance, 14d reg. ton. 4th Line :-If the vessel takes a pilot on the entrance 1d reg. ton. Except during bad weather when the small pilot boat directs the ships by signals from the entrance, 14d reg. ton. For every change of position 3/2 to the pilot who superintends, and the same amount in getting out of the basin. On a vessel of 254 reg. ton. from Carnarvon, with pitch, leaving for Huelva in ballast, in and out £4 195 10d; shifting and boat hire 11/10. Towage. On the same vessel, in £1 75 8d, out 11/10. Eng. Brokers. H. Doumet, G. Frisch.

CHANAK KALEH, or DARDANELLES. Lat. 40° 04' N ; long. 26° 14′ E. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-E. Timber, wine, pottery. Charges. Light dues 44d. on every ton up to 800 and half that on every additional ton. Pilotage to Sea of Azof from £8 to £12. Towage from Tenedos Island to Sestos Bay 10; to Gallipoli 12; from Cape Hellas to Sestos Bay £9; to Gallipoli 18; from White Cliffs to Sestos £6; to Gallipoli 15; from Dardanelles to Constantinople £100. CHARLESTON, U.S. Lat. 32° 41' N; long. 79° 52′ W. Pop. About 52,000. Tr.-I. Cottons and woollens, linens and silk, hardware, iron and steel, sugar, tea, wine, spices, salt, slate, ale, fruit from W. I., and crockery; E. Cotton, rice, hams, bacon, phosphate, rock, and naval stores. Accn. After passing the bar there is deep water up to wharves. Vessels of 16ft can cross the bar at high water OST., and 15ft at high water NT. Charges. On steamer of 455 tons reg., loading 827 tons of phosphate rock, about £100. Pilotage. Not ex. 12ft dft. £89s 2d;