Towage. For coast steamers the rate is fixed by arrangement, but there is a minimum rate of £83 6s 64 for towing from Pagoda anchorage to sea. Of course if the vessel is a large one the rate is higher.

FORT DAUPHIN, Hayti. Accn. The harb. is 3 miles long E. and W., and a mile broad; has a depth of water sufficient for largest vessels. Pilotage. To Fort Liberté and back £2 18s 4d; pilotage and signalling, double £2 18s 4d. FREDERICIA, Denmark. Little Belt. Lat. 55° 35' N ; long. 9° 45′ E. Tr.-E. Corn, cattle, butter, eggs. Accn. Vessels of 15ft dft. can enter the harb. Charges. Harb., ballast, and tonnage dues same as at Horsens. Pilotage. From sea to harb., summer 9d, winter 1/ foot.

FREDERIKSHALD, Norway. Lat. 59° 7' N; long. 11° 24' E. Pop. About 12,000. Tr.-I. Coal and grain; E. Planed and sawn woods, timber, joinery works, iron, ice, and granite. Accn. An inner and outer harb., with sufficient water for a vessel of any size in outer harb. Entrance to inner harb. 14ft wide. Charges. Tonnage and light dues about 10ld ton. Total for a ship 300 reg. tons, with cargo in and out, about £45. Pilotage. According to tonnage and dft. of water combined. Winter rates, Oct. 1 to March 31, about 25 per cent. higher than summer rates. On vessel of 300 reg. tons, cargo in and out :-In, 14ft to 15ft £3; out £2 25. Towage. As per agreement. On vessel of 300 reg. tons, cargo in and out, both ways, about £3 5s.

FREDERIKSHAVN, Denmark. Lat. 57° 27′ 3′′ N; long. 10° 33′ 15′′ E. Pop. 2,500. Tr.-I. Coals, wood, iron, and salt; E. Grain, butter, beef, cattle, and pork. Accn. An average depth of 14ft to 15ft close to the quays, The harb. is protected by two stone piers, in which are fixed mooring-rings and posts. When the new stone quays are finished vessels of 18ft can enter at any time. Charges. Port charges 1/1 for 2 tons of goods, discharged or taken in. Harb. dues for vessel loading or discharging 3d ton, in and out. Charges on a vessel of 173 tons 11 5S. Expenses on steamers same as sailing vessels. Pilotage. Summer, April 1 to Sept. 30; winter, Oct. 1 to March 31. From the Roads, summer 44d, winter 54d; from the sea, summer 81d, winter 11d; from Hirtsholmen or within a mile of, summer 9d, winter 1/3; to the Roads, summer 34d, winter 44d; to the sea, summer 6d, winter 8d; to the Roads from Hirtsholmen or the same distance, summer 74d, winter 94d foot. 3d has also to be paid to the pilot-master by each vessel. Towage. There is no regular steamtug, but a Copenhagen salvage steamboat is stationed here, which tows in and out when required, and charges from 3d to 4d reg, ton in ordinary circumstances.

FREDERIKSTADT, Norway. Lat. 59° 12' N ; long. 10° 58' E. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-I. Coals; E. All sorts of planed and sawn wood and timber, and granite. Accn. River runs out into two arms, forming two ports; sufficient water in both ports for any-sized vessel. Charges. Tonnage and light dues 11d per ton. Cargo in and out 1/10 per ton. Pilotage. According to tonnage and dft. of water combined. Winter rates, October I to March 31, about 25% higher than summer rates. On vessel of 399 reg. tons, ballast in, cargo out, in, 1oft to 11ft (summer tariff) 2 8s 9d; out, 15ft to 16ft (summer tariff) £2; harbour pilot 13'.

Towage. As per agreement. On vessel of 399 reg. ton, ballast in, cargo out, in and out £7 125,

GAGE ROAD.-See Swan River.

GALATZ, Roumania. Lat. 45° 24' N; long. 28° 24' E. Pop. 46,000. Tr.-I. British manufactures, sugar, raisins, oil, coal, figs, iron, manufactured goods and tobacco; E. Corn, tallow, wool, masts and spars, hides, bristles, bones, maize, rye, linseed, barilla, and rape seed. 15ft over the shoals has been attained. Charges. On vessel of Accn. A minimum depth of 900 tons about £200. Pilotage. On a steamer going up with less than one-third cargo, and down with full cargo of 4,000 quarters of Indian corn, drawing 16ft up and down £12.

GALLIPOLI, Italy. Lat. 40° 6' N; long. 17° 35′ E. Pop. About 10,000. Tr.-E. Olive oil, wine, empty casks, dried figs, and olive husks. Accn. Vessels lie in 16 to 26ft of water behind a mole, which runs from W. to E. Pilotage. I and upwards, according to size of vessel.

;

GALVESTON, U.S. Lat. 29° 16' 37" N; long. 94° 49′ 41′′ W. Pop. 30,000. Tr.-I. Coal, salt, coffee, ale, earthenware, iron, lumber, and other general merchandise the foreign E. are almost entirely cotton, with some cotton seed, oak and black walnut; timber, hides, wool, tallow, bones, &c., being also exported to a large extent, but altogether coast wise. Accn. Depth of water 15 to 16ft on the bar, 24ft on the inner bar. Jetties are being constructed, and there will be deeper water shortly. Charges. There are no port charges nor wharfage on vessel. 1/3 per ton. Total expenses are about 1 125 6d reg. ton. PilotCustoms duty age. 16/11 foot, in and out. Pilotage is usually paid inwards only, by vessels loading outside. Pilotage compulsory; if spoken, must pay half. Towage. 10 IIS 51d and £15 17s 21d.

GASPE, Canada. Lat. 48° 51' N; long. 64° 12′ W. Pop. 400. Tr.-I. All kinds of general merchandise; E. Lumber, fish, and oil. Accn. Vessels drawing 28ft can safely enter. An anchorage in 6 to 7 fms. One of the safest harbs. in the Dominion of Canada. Charges. Harb. master's fees about 2/ for 50 reg. tons. Wharfage for vessel 300 tons 8/4 day. Pilotage. 4/2 foot, or according to agreement.

Pop. about 23,000.

GEELONG, Victoria. Lat. 38° 8' 52" S; long. 144° 21' 47" E. of all descriptions, machinery, railway materials, liquors, wine and Tr.-I. Manufactured goods spirits, coal, iron, and lumber; E. Gold, live stock, hides, tallow, butter, grain, preserved meats, and wool. Accn. The new channel across the bar and up to the wharves will admit vessels drawing 18ft; by choosing a proper time of tide those drawing 20ft can pass through. Geelong is about 48 miles SW. of Melbourne. Charges. Light dues 6d ton; ballast 3/3 ton; expenses of a vessel 560 tons £20.

GEFLE, Sweden. (Gulf of Bothnia.) Lat. 60° 40' N ; long. 17° 7' E. Pop. About 20,000. coal, &c.; E. Planks and iron. Accn. The outer harb. (5 miles Tr.-I. Salt, grain, from the town) will admit vessels drawing 19 to 20ft, the inner harb. vessels of 13ft. Vessels above 20ft have to anchor at Bonan, about 8 miles from Gefle. A patent slip nearly 900ft in length. Charges. On a vessel of 250 tons 17. Pilotage. On a vessel of 250 reg. tons, from a foreign port in ballast, and bound

to a foreign port with cargo, from sea, 12ft 1 45 24d; to sea, 15ft 1 10s 4d; on the river, mooring vessel 3/21.

GEMLIK, Turkey. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-I. Coals, salt, &c. ; E. Olive oil, olives, chromate ore, wheat, antimony, ore, barley, salted fish barrels, sardines, &c. Accn. Harb. has about 15ft water alongside wharf Gemlik is the regular port of

Brussa.

GENOA, Italy. Lat. 42° 24′ 18′′ N ; long. 8° 54′ 24′′ E. Pop. 180,000. Tr.-I. Cotton and woollen goods, machinery, cochineal, indigo, grain, hides, sugar, coal and coke, wines, spirits, coffee, and iron; E. Olive oil, hemp, flax, rice, fruits, vermicelli, cheese, steel, velvets, silk damask, gloves, flowers, paper, soap, marble, and jewellery in silver and coral. Accn. Genoa is the chief commercial seaport of Italy, and the largest vessel can enter harb.; there are two piers. There is a graving dock 285ft long, a floating dry dock 320ft long, and a slip 246ft in length, for vessels up to 1,200 tons. Charges. Anchorage dues Ifr per ton on steamers, 80 centimes per ton on sailing vessels. Other disbursements light. Pilotage. Ships drawing 9ft and under LI 5s 4d, more than 9ft per 3ft 10/9. Outward, half above rates. Vessels with their dft. of water painted on the bows or stem pay for the highest mark, and not for what they may actually draw. Towage. As per agreement.

GEORGETOWN, Demerara. Lat. 6° 50' N ; long. 58° 12' W. Pop. 35,000. Tr.-I. Breadstuffs, provisions, lumber, shingles, shooks, slates, rice, tobacco, liquors, manufactured goods, and coal; E. sugar, rum, molasses, hardwood, timber, greenheart, old iron and copper, Wallaba shingles. Accn. Only 1oft on the bar at LW., but vessels drawing 17ft can cross it at HW. The river is navigable at HW. for vessels drawing 12ft as far as Leekie, 65 miles from the entrance. Dry dock 230ft. Charges. Tonnage dues, &c. : Vessels above 70 tons 74d ton. Harb. master's fee råd ton. Expenses of a vessel of 353 tons about £45. Pilotage. From £2 10s for 10ft or under to £15 8s 4d for 20ft or under. For vessels shifting moorings in the river 12/6. Vessels arriving to try the market and not coming to an entry are exempted, unless they take a pilot. Towage. 500 tons: 16ft 20 16s 8d; 17ft £25; 17ft £29 3s 4d, with £4 35 4d additional for every 100 tons up to 1,000 in each case; 18ft £33 6s 8d, with £6 5s additional for every 100 tons up to 1,000; 18ft £33 10s, with £8 6s 8d additional for every 100 tons up to 1,000. Vessels drawing 174ft or less, or not exceeding 600 reg. tons, will only be towed as far as the chequered buoy on the outer edge of the bar. Use of steamer's warp £2 1s 8d, provided it is engaged previously to the vessel leaving.

GEORGETOWN, P.E.I. Lat. 46° 8' 47" N; long. 62° 27' 40" W. Tr.-I. All kinds of general merchan. dise; E. Timber, barley, oats, potatoes, fish, &c. Accn. The harb. has 17ft to 28ft about half a mile from town, 6ft at pier-end at LW.; Sp. rise 8ft, N. 5ft.; well protected from winds and has safe anchorage for 500 ships. Pilotage. Inwards 2,6 foot, outwards 1/3 foot; not compulsory.

GHENT, Belgium. Lat. 51° 3' N; long. 3° 44' E. Pop. About 130,000. Tr.-I. Cotton, colonial produce, tin, machinery, manufactured goods, pig-iron, copper, rape seed, guano, coals, salt; E. Flax, tow, fruit, hops, marble, white lead,

refined sugar, chicory, rags, rape oil, linseed and rapeseed cake, grain, shoddy, potatoes, bark, linen, butter, flax-waste, &c. Accn. Bridges and sluices of the canal have a width of 40ft. Can receive into its docks vessels drawing 16ft. Charges, On vessel drawing 11ft, cargo in and ballast out, £21 18s. Pilotage. On vessel of 200 reg. tons, 11ft dft.; from sea to Terneusen (winter £4 15s) £4. Harb. pilotage to Terneusen 6/11; Terneusen to Ghent 1 os 4d; Terneusen to sea, 8ft (winter £1 12s) £1 8s 6d. Towage. On vessel of 200 reg. tons, 11ft dft., from Ghent to Zelzaete 77; into Ghent dock 4/6. Brokers. Castellminné, De Ceunyk. GIBRALTAR. The new Mole Head is in lat. 36° 07′ 17′′ N ; long. 5° 20′ 49" W. Pop. About 20,000. THW. 1h 47m; Sp. rise 4ft; N. rise 24ft. Tr.-I. Cotton, linen, woollens, hardware, coal, iron, silk, tea, tobacco, staves, coffee, grain, flour, petroleum, timber, &c.; E. Wools, lead, copper. Accn. Vessels of any size can anchor in the bay in 33 to 25 fms, the only danger in entering being the Pearl Rock with 1oft water on it. Charges. Under 600 tons 10 c. per ton, 700 tons £2 115 each vessel, 800 tons £2 15s, 1,000 tons £3 35, 1,500 tons £4 35, 1,800 tons and upwards £5.

GIJON, Spain. Lat. 43° 35' N; long. 5° 57' W. Pop. 7,000. Tr.-I. Hardware, pig-iron, &c.; E. Nuts, coals, butter, and ores. Accn. Vessels drawing 11ft can lie alongside the quay of inner port. Tidal harb. dry at LW. Charges. Town dues rod ton. Pilotage. Every vessel above 50 tons is compelled to take a pilot and a boat with a crew of nine men, for which the following charges are made :-From 50 to 150 tons, pilot and boat, summer 1 os rod, winter 15s; above 150 tons, summer 1 5s, winter 1 95 2d. The pilot is compelled under a penalty to moor the vessel well and efficiently. Vessels taking coast pilots ought not to accept their services to bring the vessel to the bar before making an economical agreement, in writing, if possible, to save disputes. Towage. For a boat towing 3 miles, or part of that distance, in or out, from or to the bar 74d man.

GIRGENTI, Sicily. Lat. 37° 16′ 55′′ N; long. 13° 32′ 27′′ E. Pop. 22,000. Tr.-I. Coals, iron, timber, sugar, coffee, spirits, rice, and petroleum; E. Sulphur in great quantities, almonds, salt, shumac, and locust beans. Accn. A good harbour, depth 3 to 4 fms. Pilotage. I to 80 reg. tons 6/4; 81 to 100, 11/10; 101 to 200, 15/10; 201 to 400, 19/8; 401 and upwards Li3s 9d. If the vessel requires to be anchored outside, or to come into the harb., it has to pay full charges. If the vessel has anchored outside without a pilot, and requires the assistance of one of them to come in the harb., the full charge has to be paid. If a vessel has been anchored outside by a pilot, and afterwards comes into the harb. with the pilot's assistance, the master has to pay full charges for the anchorage, and half the charges for the assistance of coming in. If the vessel has employed a pilot in anchoring outside the roads, or coming into the harb.-going out with the pilot's assistance-only half charges have to be paid. If no pilot has been employed, and one is required, full charges have to be paid. Steamers which like to be anchored by a pilot pay 1-5th less than sailing vessels. Towage. From 7/11 to 19/9. GLÜCKSTADT, Germany. (Near the mouth of the Elbe.) Lat. 53° 51' N; long. 9° 20' E. Pop. 6,000. Tr.-E. Oil-cake, &c. Accn. 18ft of water in outer and from

SHIPPING WORLD

14ft to 18ft in inner harb. at HT.

between here and Hamburg 2/ ton.

Charges. Cost of lighterage Pilotage. 11d foot. In and

out by agreement, 20/ for a vessel of 67 reg. tons.

GONAIVES, Hayti. Lat. 19° 25′ 42′′ N; long. 72° 42′ 52" W. Pop. About 8,000. Tr.-E. Mahogany, coffee, cotton, lignum vitæ. Accn. A fine harb. Anchorage about a quarter of a mile off the shore in 3 fms. Pilotage. About 20 in or out.

GOREE, Africa. Lat. 14° 39′ 55′′ N; long. 17° 24′ 20′′ W. Pop. 5,000. Tr.-I. Perfumes, soaps, wines, earthen and glass ware, paper, &c. ; E. Skins, gold dust, ivory, wax, gums, palm oil, &c. Accn. A small harb. Can receive vessels of about Ioft dft. Pilotage. 94d reg. ton.

GOTHENBURG, Sweden. Lat. 57° 42′ 4′′ N ; long. 11° 57' 45" E. Pop. About 90,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, bacon, manufactures of silk, linen, and cotton, petroleum, machinery and implements, salt, and colonial produce, &c. ; E. Iron and steel ores, wood, grain, dairy produce, cattle, paper, matches, soap, &c. Accn. Has two shipbuilding yards for sailing vessels, and three for steamers, two of which have patent slips, and one a dry dock. Vessels not drawing more than 163ft go up along. side quays. Charges. On a vessel of 162 reg. tons about £22. Pilotage. When entering to Gothenburg by Winga, and vice versa, for vessels of 8ft dft., from 12/2 in summer, May 1 to Sept. 30, and 15/3 in winter, Oct. 1 to April 30, to £2 2s 10d and £2 135 5d respectively for vessels of 22ft dft. Towage. No tariff, according to agreement.

GRANVILLE, France. Lat. 48° 50' 7" N; long. 1° 35′ 57′′" W. Pop. About 20,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, lumber, hemp, tar, &c. ; E. Eggs, salt fish, oysters, &c. Accn. A floating basin; Sp. rise 37ft; N. rise 274ft; mean NT. range 17ft; the floating basin can receive vessels of the largest tonnage. The approaches to this port are very dangerous at LW. Repairs of every kind can be effected, and shipbuilding is extensively carried on. Charges. Brokerage 5d ton. Dues and charges on a vessel of 151 tons of 13ft dft. 17 10s. Pilotage. On vessel of 151 reg. tons, coals in and ballast out, drawing 13ft, loaded, in and out £2 Is 6d. Eng. Brokers. C. Guillebot, J. Lemaniché.

GRAVELINES, France. Lat. 51° 0' N; long. 2° 6' E; about 12 miles SW. of Dunkirk. Pop. 6,000. Tr.I. Coals, &c.; E. Liqueurs, timber, salt fish, &c. Accn. A small tidal harb., accessible to vessels of 14ft to 16ft dft.; a dock that will accommodate vessels drawing 16ft, and 33ft broad. 14ft to 16ft HWST.; 11ft LWST. Shipbuilding is carried on, and there is a gridiron for vessels up to 250 tons. Charges. Harb. dues Id ton. Pilotage. On a brig of 216 reg. tons, cargo in and ballast out, drawing 14ft 7in, loaded, in and out £3 17s. If the pilot be detained on board, he is paid 2/44d day, with victuals. Towage. On a brig of 216 reg. tons, cargo in and ballast out, drawing 14ft 7in, loaded, three horses towing, 12/3. Eng. Broker. Parisis.

GREENSPOND, Newfoundland. Lat. 49° 4' N; long. 53° 33′ W. Tr.-I. Salt provisions and general merchandise; E. Salted fish and seal oils. Accn. The harb., on SE. side of island, is small, and only capable of receiving vessels under 14ft dft., and rather dangerous. With