favourable weather vessels drawing 16ft may enter. Charges. Light dues 1/ ton. Charges for dunnage wood, labour, &c., moderate. Pilotage. As per agreement.

GREIFSWALD, Germany. (On the Rick, 2 miles from the Baltic.) Lat. 54° 5' N; long. 13° 21′ E. Pop. 18,000. Tr.-E. Wheat, &c. Accn. Vessels drawing 11ft to 12ft can reach the harb. A slip for vessels up to 650 tons. Charges. Expenses on a vessel of 134 tons drawing 12ft, about 10 5s. Pilotage. On vessel of 134 reg. tons, ballast in, and cargo out, 12ft dft., in 30; river pilot and two horses, in 11/3, ditto 9/; to sea 30/.

GRONINGEN, Holland. Lat. 53° 13' N; long. 6° 34' E. Pop. 50,000. Tr.-I. Coal, wood; E. Corn, cattle. Accn. Tidal harb. with depth of water on bar about 2 fms at LW., and 3 to 4 fms at HW. Vessels drawing 14ft can reach the port via Delfsyl. Charges. Harb. dues nearly id per reg. ton. ballast 1/6 for two tons alongside. Brokerage outward 1%, inward 1%. Chartering commission 3%. Pilotage. For vessel drawing 1oft in summer 1 16s 8d, winter £2 8s 4d. Towage. 7d Dutch

ton.

Sand

GUAYAQUIL, Ecuador. Lat. 2° 11′ 21′′ S; long. 79° 43′ W. Pop. About 34,000. Tr.-I. Cottons, woollens, wines, spirits, liqueurs, groceries, soap, flour, lard, metals, ironware, earthenware, linens, and stationery; E. Cocoa, cotton, coffee, straw hats, timber, bark, hides, tobacco (annual value £1,250,000), ivory, nuts, canes, sarsaparilla, and indiarubber. Accn. Vessels drawing 22ft can reach the city. Charges. Wharfage vessels of 100 tons, £1 13s 4d per day; 8/4 extra upon every 100 tons up to 400 tons, and 12/6 for every 100 tons above 400. Pilotage. From Puna 8/4 foot; out to Punta Arenas

:

10/5 foot. HALIFAX, N.S. Lat. 44° 39′ 38" N; long. 63° 35' 10" W Pop. 40,000. Tr.-I. Colonial produce, manufactured goods, &c.; E. Dried and pickled fish, lumber, coals, flour, butter, oats, potatoes, gypsum, deals, oils, furs, &c. Accn. Harb. is one of the finest in America, can be entered by the largest vessels, and is seldom closed by ice. There are numerous wharves alongside which vessels load and discharge their cargoes in from 10 to 15 fms. Tides rise Sp. 8ft; N. 6ft. 7d to 1od per hour. Stone ballast 1/8 ton. Commission on disbursements and freights 2. 200 tons in, I 13s 4d, out, £1 Os 10d; 200 to 300 in, 2 5s 10d, out, 1 9s 2d; 300 to 400 in, £2 18s 4d, out, 1 17s 6d; 400 to 500 in, £3 6s Sd, out, £2 Is 8d; 500 to 600 in, £3 15s, out, £2 5s rod; over 600 tons 2/1 inwards, and 1/6 outwards additional for every 100 tons. Outward_pilotage for all vessels of 200 tons and upwards is compulsory. Towage. From Chibucto Head, £4 5s 4d to £8 1os 8d, as agreed upon, or £2 Is 8d hour.

Charges. Labour Water d per gall. Pilotage. Under

HAMBURG, Germany. (On the Elbe.) Lat. 58° 32′ N; long. 9° 58' E. Pop. About 520,000. THW. 6h. Tr.-I. Coffee, cocoa, rice, sugar, coals, cotton, wool, manufactured goods, machinery, guano, saltpetre, &c.; E. Manufactured goods, salt, sugar, cattle, dairy produce, wines, spirits, &c. Accn. Depth varies. Vessels of 20ft dft. can ascend at HW. Now that the new harbour works, costing £6,000,000, are completed, the dredgers employed at the works will be released

to further deepen the bar at Blankenese, and Hamburg will then be the greatest harbour on the Continent. Charges, Iopf (about 5 farthings) per cubic metre. Pilotage. In winter, from Oct. 1 to Mar. 31, from sea to Gluckstadt or Bosch 11/4 per H.ft. From April to Sept. 30, 7/4 Vessels remaining at Cuxhaven, the charges are 9/5 and 6/31 respectively per foot. Towage. Per agreement. Vessels of 1,000 tons are usually charged 25 to 30 from the lightship to Hamburg, and from Gluckstadt to Hamburg about £10.

HANGO, Russia. (Gulf of Finland.) Lat. 59° 46' N ; long. 22° 58' 8" E. Accn, Harb. has 40ft to 50ft of water, 40ft alongside mole, which runs 150yds into the harb., which the largest ships can enter. There are sheds and other conveniences for handling cargo. No port charges.

HANKOW, China. Lat. 30° 50' N; long. 114° o' E. Pop. Estimated at 600,000. Tr.-I. Piece goods, opium, lead, quicksilver, tin, silk piece goods, medicines, cuttle-fish, sugar, cotton; E. Tea, oil, raw silk, cotton, rhubarb, tobacco, paper, tallow, varnish, coal, charcoal, fungus, gypsum, hemp, lotus seeds, nankeens, planks, timber, opium, safflower. Accn. In winter it is not accessible to vessels drawing over 12ft; not always to those drawing over 9ft; but in the summer the largest vessels come here. Hankow is 600 miles from the sea. Charges. About the same as Canton.

HARLINGEN, Holland. (On the Zuyder Zee.) Lat. 53° 11' N ; long. 5° 25' E. Pop. 10,500. Tr.-Principal I are salt, coals, raisins, soda, &c., from England, timber from Norway, wheat, linseed, hemp, tar, potash, from the Baltic, buck. wheat from France; E. Butter, cheese, flax, cattle, grain, and chicory -all to England. Accn. Ships drawing 14 to 15ft may cross the bar at HT in ordinary circumstances. Charges. On a vessel of 136 tons, 17 Is. Pilotage. Inwards from sea to Harlingen, minimum 5ft, summer 9, winter 11/3d maximum 15ft, summer.3 3s 4d, winter £4 6s 3d. Outwards from Harlingen to sea, minimum 5ft, summer, 7, winter 8/3; maximum 15ft, summer £2, winter £2 45. On vessels of 200 reg. tons, with cargo 11ft dft, entering the Vlie in summer £375 4d, winter £4 4s 3d; entering the Texel in summer £3 175, winter £9 16s 6d. Towage. Harlingen to Blaauwe Sleuk 1d, ditto Vlie 24d, ditto to Uiterton Storte Melk 3d, sea to Harlingen 4d ton.

HAVANA, Cuba, W.I. Lat. 23° 8′ 15′′ N; long. 82° 22′ 45′′ W. Pop. 202,000. Tr.-I. Breadstuffs, provisions, petroleum, and cooperage stock; E. Sugar, molasses, tobacco, coffee. Accn. Vessels of largest dft. can lie close to the quays, bow on. Charges. On a ship 353 tons, with sugar home £307. Pilotage. On a vessel of 353 reg. tons from Liverpool with piece goods, and outwards for Falmouth with 2,200 boxes of sugar, £10 8s 4d.

HAVRE, France. (Mouth of the Seine.) Lat. 49° 29' N ; long, o° 6' E. Pop. About 112,000. THW. 9h 18m. Sp. rise 22ft; N. rise 18ft. Tr.-I. Chiefly cotton, wool, silk, coffee, rice, sugar, tobacco, flour, grain, petroleum, hemp, hides and skins, tea, indigo, coals, iron, ashes, tallow, saltpetre, seeds, timber, and provisions; E. Principally silk, cotton, and woollen manufactures, laces, gloves, cordials, wines, brandies, drugs, dyes, perfumery, leather, preserved fruit, glassware, trinkets, and all the fancy articles

manufactured in and around the French capital. Accn. A basin or outer harb., 5 outer docks, including a small half-tide basin, communicating with the former by tidal gates, and 4 inner docks; the largest tidal gate has a uniform width of 100ft; the depth of water in the basin is 32ft 2in at ST., and 25ft 7in at NT. The 9th dock, or Bassin Bellot, is now in use. The canal to Tancarville, with a depth of 11ft 4in, was opened in June, 1887. Havre is the largest of the French ports in the English Channel. Charges. On a vessel of 500 tons with coals from England £28 4s Iod. Pilotage. Inwards -Ist, ordinary pilotage (1 os 9d 100 reg. tons) within 20 miles of Cape La Heve; 2nd one-third more beyond 20 miles and within 40 miles; 3rd, one-half more beyond 40 miles; 4th, one-half of ordinary pilotage from the small roads; and 5th, one-third of same inside the north pier. In ballast onehalf of ordinary rates. Windbound vessels, either in ballast or loaded, one-half of ordinary rates. Steamers are always considered as loaded vessels, but they pay only one-half of the rates stipulated for sailing vessels of same reg. tonnage. Vessels under 80 tons are exempt from pilotage unless they ask for a pilot. Outwards :-Ist, one-half of the inward pilotage, if the vessel is fully or partly loaded; and 2nd, one-third of same if she is in ballast or windbound. Should the pilots be required to go as far as the outlying banks, they receive an additional sum of 2/41, and should they consent to take vessels further, their fees are to be fixed by mutual agreement. An allowance of 1 per cent. is charged upon all pilotage rates, in behalf of the head pilot. Eng. Brokers. E. Billard, A. Farcis, V. Franque, M. Taconet. F. Bernal, Eng. ConsulGeneral.

HELSINGBORG, Sweden. (On the Sound.) Lat. 56° 4' N ; long. 12° 49' E. Pop. 16,500. Tr.-I. Colonial produce, iron, coals, manures, &c.; E. Oats, barley, wheat, oxen, pigs, sheep, butter, cheese, meat, and timber. Accn. Excellent harb. with 19ft of water, containing dry dock (276 x 44 x 16), shipbuilding yard, &c. On the north of the present harb. a new one with 22ft of water will be opened in 1890. Charges. On steamer of 500 reg. tons, cargo in and out, £35, which does not include stevedore's fee. Pilotage. On a brig of 129 reg. tons, 11ft dft., cargo in and out 1 48 51d; on a vessel of 200 reg. tons, with cargo in and out, in, about 1 75 1d.

HELSINGFORS, Russia. (Finland.) Lat. 60° 9′ 42′′ N ; long. 24° 57' 47' E. Pop. 33,000. Tr.-I. Salt, colonial produce, &c. ; E. Corn, fish, logs, deals, &c. Accn. The largest ships can enter the harb. Vessels drawing 14ft lie alongside quays. Repairing yards. Pilotage. Grahara to the roads and vice versa (summer), from 1 13s 4d for vessels of 9ft to £3 8s 7d for vessels of 18ft dft. Porkkala to the roads and vice versa (summer) from £3 9s 7d for vessels of 9ft to £7 16s 7d for vessels of 18ft dft. Winter rates 25 per cent. higher, commencing September 15 and ending May 15. Towage. Moderate, and boats always obtainable; ships find cables and ropes when being towed.

HEPPENS, Germany. Accn. 7ft at NT., and 1oft at ST. Harb. only suitable for small vessels. A dock is in course of construction, which will be capable of receiving vessels of much larger dft. Pilotage. On vessel of 171 reg. tons, coals in, 13ft dft., out in ballast; in and out of harb. 7/6.

HERNOSAND, Sweden. (Gulf of Bothnia.) Lat. 62° 36′ N; long. 17° 20' E. Pop. 5,600. Tr.-1. Colonial produce, salt, brandy, coals, coke, iron, wine, canvas, cordage, &c.; E. Timber, deals, battens, boards, ore, spars, iron, and tar. Accn. Vessels of any size can enter the harb., which is one of the best in North Sweden. Charges. On a vessel 278 tons loading lumber £19 13s 10 d. Pilotage. On a vessel of 425 tons, ballast in and cargo out, 14ft in and 18ft out, in, Herno to Hernosand 19/01; out, Hernosand to Herno 24/4. Towage. On a vessel of 425 tons, ballast in and cargo out, 14ft in and 18ft out, in, £2 25 6d; out, I IIS Iold, as per agreement.

HIOGO, Japan. Lat. 34° 40′ N; long. 135° 14' E. Pop. 40,000. Tr.-I. Manufactured goods, coals, and metals; E. Tea, rice, timber, tobacco. Accn. Very safe harbour, depth from 4 to 10 fms; two graving docks for vessels of 500 tons. Charges. Only customs fee £4 38 4d. Disbursement of vessel of 1,100 tons 127 Is 8d. Pilotage. 12/6 in and 6/3 out.

HOBART TOWN, Tasmania. Lat. 42° 53′32′′ S; long. 147° 22' 24" E. Pop. 20,000. Tr.-I. Manufactured goods, tools, tea, sugar, stores, &c.; E. Wool, grain, hops, sperm oil, timber, vegetables and fruits. Accn. The anchorage is good anywhere off the town in 9 to 12 fms. Patent slip. Charges. Discharging general cargo 1/ ton; ballast 1/6 ton; water 2/ ton; harb. master's fees Id ton; light dues 6d ton. Port charges on a barque 321 reg. tons, cargo in and ballast out £22 38 3d. Pilotage. Sailing vessels 9d reg. ton. The payment of pilotage inwards is compulsory, but vessels can leave without a pilot; steamers 6d ton. Pilots detained on board vessels in quarantine or otherwise delayed, 15/ per day in addition to the usual charges. The rate now shall be reduced one-half, whenever it can be proved to the Marine Board that no pilot offered himself to the vessel entering the port until such vessel had reached a line drawn from the S. point of Half-Moon Bay to Pearson's Point.

HONFLEUR, France. (At S. side of Estuary of River Seine.) Lat. 49° 26' N; long. 0° 12' E. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-I. Wood from Norway, Sweden, Canada, and Germany, coals, pig-iron, cement, hemp, oats, seeds, and marble; E. Flour, barley, wheat, rye-grass, butter, eggs, oilcake, rape seed oil, acids, cattle, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. Accn. Four floating basins and one tidal harb. The entrance of the port is formed by a long wooden pier added to an old stone pier on the west, and the side of the sluice dock on the east. The harb. is supplied with powerful flood machinery, which has secured a channel deep and easy of access. Facilities for heaving down vessels, and spacious building-yards. Charges. Port dues 1/6 ton. Pilotage. Main roads to Honfleur or to the Hoe 26 fr per 100 tons reg. Outwards, two-thirds of that sum with cargo, one-half in ballast.--Frank Lethbridge, Eng. V.C. H. Hardy, American Consular Agent. Eng. Brokers.-A. Bicheray, A. Blavit, Bunout, G. Ollivier.

HONG KONG, China. Lat. 22° 16′ 27′′ N ; long. 114° 10'48"E. Pop. 120,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, hardware, cotton and woollen goods, liquors, petroleum, opium, sulphur, and dye woods, &c.; E. Tea, rice, camphor, silks, cassia, lignea, and other Chinese produce. Accn. The inner anchorage in Victoria Bay is 6 to 7 fms deep, and about half a mile off the shore. Victoria Town is considered the capital of the island. Six graving docks

and two slips. Charges. On a vessel of 1,396 tons, cargo in and out £230 10s 10d. Pilotage. £3 2s 6d in, and same out, irrespective of size of vessel or dft. Towage. On vessel of 1,396 reg. tons, in and out, from inside limits to Wanchu £8 6s 8d.

HONOLULU, Sandwich Islands. Lat. 21° 17′ N; long. 157° 55′ W. Pop. 25,000. Tr.-I. Coal, manufactured goods, &c. ; E. Sugar, wool, cotton, coffee, oranges, rice, hides, tallow, molasses, &c. Accn. Harb. has 22ft water on the bar at LT.; the principal port of the island of Oahu. There is a marine railway for vessels up to 1,700 tons. Charges. Lighthouse dues 12/6. Harb. master's fees for mooring 12/6. Wharfage id ton per day. Clearance 4/2. Pilotage. Anchoring outside harbour, £3 2s 6d; do. without aid of pilot, £1 os 10d. Towage. Barques and ships under 500 tons, £8 6s 8d; and additional 1 Os 10d for every additional 500 tons. HORSENS, Denmark. (On the Cattegat.) Lat. 55° 52′ N ; long. 9° 50' E. Pop. 13,000. Tr.-E. Corn, tallow, bones, butter, eggs, and cattle. Accn. 13ft in the harb. Charges. Harb. dues 1d ton, in and out. Tonnage dues 63d reg. ton. Brokerage as per agreement. Charges on a vessel of 132 tons of 12ft dft. II. Pilotage. From Hiorno, summer 1/2, winter 1/7 foot; double from Endilave. Towage. To and from the roads 34d reg. ton. HORTA, Azores. Lat. 38° 31′ 45′′ N; long. 26° 36' 24" W. Tr.-I. Lumber, stores, coals, manufactured goods, and oil; E. Fruit and wine. Accn. Anchorage in 14 to 20 fms. A breakwater has been constructed. Horta Bay is at the SE. end of the island of Fayal.

HUELVA, Spain. Lat. 37° 18' N; long. 6° 52′ W. Pop. 16,000. Tr.-I. Coal and coke, iron, &c. ; E. Ore, wine, cork, &c. Accn. Vessels drawing 17ft can cross the bar; 16 to 20ft at LW. near the town. Charges. On steamer of 1,000 tons burthen, coal in, ore out, £123_19s 8d; on sailing vessel of 300 tons burthen, ditto, £34 9s 8d. Pilotage. Sea to anchorage, 1 mast 1 8s Id; 2 masts £1 14s 4d; 3 masts £2 os 8d; moving to and from any part in the harb., I mast 14/0; 2 masts 17/2; 3 masts 1 os 4d. Anchorage to sea same rates.

IQUIQUE, Peru. Lat. 20° 13' S; long. 70° 13′ W. Pop. 14,500. Tr.-I. Railway material, machinery, and manufactured goods; E. Nitrate of soda, copper ore, and borax. Accn. There is good anchorage in 11 fms, but landing is dangerous. The shipping and discharging of cargoes are performed by launches. Facilities for coaling are good. No resources for repairing vessels at this port. Charges. Tonnage dues 1/0 ton. Anchorage dues 33/4 per vessel, but if to finish cargo at another port 25/. Captain of the port £6 6s. Lighterage 4/2 ton. Towage £4. Mooring £3 to 4. Pilotage. There are no regular pilots. The Captain of the Port (who receives £6 6s) should be the first on board to direct the ship to her anchorage.

JAFFA, Syria. Lat. 32° 3′ 14′′ N. ; long. 34° 44′ 45′′ E. Pop. 22,000. Tr.-I. Cotton goods, dry goods, and hardware. E. Wheat, barley, wool, and fruit. Accn. Anchorage in 8 fms summer, and 10 or II fms in winter. Unsafe in winter. Charges. Light dues about 2‡d per ton under 800 tons, half for every ton in excess. Labourage from 2/ to 2/6 per day. Disbursements of a steamer of 750 tons with cargo of grain to Marseilles 16 38 6d. No pilotage.