the largest size can safely enter, as the least depth of water on the bar is 4 fms. A graving dock 416 by 90 by 24ft, three dry docks 210 by 84 by 20ft, 150 by 50 by 12ft, and 430 by 65 by 20ft, and a patent slip railway for vessels up to 800 tons. Charges. Tonnage dues 3d ton. Medical assistance in port, any length of time, £6 to £8. Pilotage. Under 500 tons 5 dols. per foot dft. ; over 500 tons 5 dols. per foot and 4 cents per reg. ton. Towage. According to distance and tonnage, from £3 38 54d for 600 tons to £38 is 3d for 2,500 tons.

SAN JUAN, W.I. Lat. 18° 22' N ; long. 60° 7′ 15′′ W. Pop. 25,000. Tr.-I. Salt fish and meat, timber, butter, and machinery; E. Sugar, molasses, rum, and coffee. Accn. 38ft at the entrance, and 24ft alongside the coal wharf. Charges. On a vessel of 377 reg. tons about 10. Pilotage. On a barque 377 reg. tons, pilotage and weighing anchor £4 15s 10d. SAN SEBASTIAN, Spain. Lat. 43° 19' 30" N; long. 2° 0' 6" W. Pop. 20,000. Tr.-E. Iron, wool, &c. Accn. San Sebastian has a dock to contain 32 vessels of 200 tons each. At the entrance of the harb. and dock during ST. and NT. 18 and 11ft respectively. A vessel drawing 12ft car nearly always enter both harb. and dock. Charges, Duty 6d ton on all merchandise imported. Pilotage. Compulsory for entrance but not for departure for all vessels above 50 tons. Vessels of 50 to 100 tons 15s; 100 to 200 tons I IIS 3d; above 200 £1 175 6d. SANTA CRUZ, Teneriffe. Lat. 28° 28' 30" N; long. 16° 15' 09" W. Pop. 20,000. Tr.-I. Hardware, carthenware, cotton and woollen goods, coals, stores, leather, and dry goods generally; E. Wine, cochineal, tobacco, paving stones, provisions, fruit, &c. Accn. There is good anchorage where the largest vessels can safely lie close to the shore. Harbour works are making considerable progress. Charges. This is a free port. Supplies are cheap, and excellent fresh water can be obtained. Pilotage (NP.) By day, 14/1; by night, 28/2.

SANTANDER, Spain. Lat. 43° 27' 52" N; long. 3° 47′ 7′′ W. Pop. About 40,000. Tr.-I. Sugar, textile fabrics, salted codfish, pitch, &c.; E. Iron and copper ore, quicksilver, wheat, flour, wool, wine, and cobalt. Accn. The largest vessels can enter the port as far as the anchorage opposite the town. Charges. On a ship of 500 tons reg., with cargo in and out, about £15. Pilotage. All vessels above 50 tons must take a pilot. On a brigantine of 108 tons reg., cargo of pitch in and ore out, in £1 11s 3d, out £1 11s 3d, gratuity to pilot 4/2. Towage. Towages in harb. of vessel of 500 tons about 40/.

SANTOS, Brazil. Lat. 24° 30' S; long, 46° 15° 30' W. Pop. About 11,000. Tr.-I. Flour, manufactured goods and wares, lumber, petroleum, machinery, &c.; E. Coffee, sugar, rum, tobacco, rice, cotton, hides, &c. Accn. The harb. is formed on the E. by the island of St. Amaro, and on the W. by the island of Eugua Guaçu. The bay has 4 to 10 fms water. On the E. side is the principal entrance to the harb. where vessels may lie in 30ft of water. Charges. On a vessel 200 tons £42 35. Discharg ing at Custom-house free. Pilotage. From 26/ to 32/ vessel. SARAWAK, Borneo. Lat. 1° 02' N; long. 110° 18' E. Pop. 20,000. Tr.-I. Cloth, brassware, salt, opium, tobacco, crockery-ware, rice, provisions, wines, beer, spirits, tea, ironware; E. Rice, timber, edible birds' nests, beeswax, pepper,

canes, camphor, fish, sago, flour, gutta percha, raw and pearl sago, paint, antimony, indiarubber. Accn. Deep water alongside wharf for vessels of 1,000 tons; and at Kuching there are two wharves. Lowest depth of water in the navigable channel 2 fms. Sp. rise 18ft, and N. rise 1oft. Charges. Buoy and light dues about d ton. Pilotage. 8/4 foot. Towage. As per agreement.

SARPSBORG, Norway. Tr.-E. timber, deals, ice, battens. Accn. Sarpsborg is about 6 miles above Frederikstadt, and vessels drawing 20ft can ascend as far as town and lie close alongside quay. Charges. On vessel of 320 tons about £36. Pilotage. On a vessel of 320tons, in and out £5 8s 4d. Towage. On a vessel of 320 tons, in 65/.

SATILLA RIVER, U.S. Lat. 30° 54' N; long. 81° 32′ W. Tr.-E. Deals and boards are principally shipped to the Plate. Accn. There are always 18ft of water on the bar. Vessels drawing more than 14ft complete loading at a land-locked harb. just below the flood shoals. Pilotage. A barque of 430 reg. tons entering with ballast and leaving with cargo, 14 ft dft., in and out £25 155 114d. Towage. A barque of 430 reg. tons, entering with ballast and leaving with cargo, from the Mills to Jekyl Island, about 16 miles, and below the shoals £11 13s 74d. SAVANA LA MAR, Jamaica. Tr.-E. Sugar, rum, coffee, hides; I. Manufactured goods, beer, spirits, provisions. Accn. Depth of 22ft inside reef. Charges. Light dues 3d. per ton, on sailing vessels only. Harbour dues: under 12ft 10/; over 12ft 20/. Pilotage. Inwards 30/6; out 25/, for 7ft, each additional foot 4/ in, 3/ out. Towage. A steam launch available.

SAVANNAH, U.S. Lat. 32° 1′ 21′′ N; long. 80° 50′ 33′′ W. Pop. About 35,000. Tr.-I. Pig-iron, &c.; E. Rice, cotton, and lumber. Accn. On Tybee bar 19ft at LW. Sp. rise 17ft. At ST. vessels of 18 to 19ft dft. can go up to town. Graving dock 340 by 80 ft, and slip railway for vessels of 1,200 tons. Charges. On a barque of 606 tons, cargo in and out £83 8s 8d. Pilotage. According to dft. and distance. Minimum 6ft, U.S. vessels, bar pilotage, and to Cockspur £2 10s 11d, foreign ditto £3 16s 9d; U.S. vessels from Cockspur to Savannah £1 IIs iad, foreign ditto £2 6s 6d; maximum 20ft, U.S. vessels bar pilotage and to Cockspur 17 11s 114d, foreign ditto £24 16s 81d, U.S. vessels from Cockspur to Savannah £9 18s 83d, foreign ditto £14 17s 11d. Detention of pilot per day 18/3. All vessels bound up or down river and detained one tide to alter the trim of the vessel pay the pilot a sum of £1 11s 84d, but no detention for that day. Towage. Vessels with cargo over 300 reg. tons, per ton City to Tybee, or direct to sea 74d; sea to City 74d; Venus Point to City 5d; Obstructions to City 34d; Venus Point to Tybee or direct to sea 5d; if anchored at Tybee £10 11s 5d extra to sea. Vessels in ballast over 300 reg. tons, sea buoy or Tybee or direct to City 6d; Venus Point to City 4d; Obstructions to City 24d; Long Island to City 5d; Tybee to sea £10 IIS 51d extra. Vessels under 300 reg. tons and over 200 each, City to Tybee, with cargo £8 9s 2d; to sea £2 25 31d; City to Tybee, in ballast £7 8s old; Long Island to City, with cargo £7 8s old; or to Obstructions £3 3s 54d; or to Venus Point 6 6s 10ld. When a boat goes to Venus Point, or to any intermediate point, to tow a vessel out or in, and vessel does not go, £8 9s 2d. When a boat goes below Venus Point, or to Tybee,

and vessel does not go, £10 11s 54d. When a vessel under weigh stops by getting aground or from any other cause £8 9s 2d for each tide per boat above Venus Point; below 10 11s 5d. For boats getting up steam by orders and vessel refusing to go £2 25 31d. SAVONA, Italy. Lat. 44° 18" 42' N ; long. 8° 9' 29" E. Pop. 29,000. Tr.-I. Coke, coal, old iron, pig-iron, grain, colonial goods, wine, clay, &c.; E. Staves, dry chestnuts, wooden hoops, oil, earthenware, &c. Depth of water 22 to 25ft inside mole; vessels drawing 22ft lie alongside quays. Charges. On vessel of 1,000 reg. tons coal in and ballast out, about £110. Anchorage dues increased d since 1886. Stevedore's charges 7d per ton of coal. Pilotage. For every vessel employing a pilot 11/10, besides 3d for each reg. ton of the vessel. Towage. By agreement. SETUBAL, Portugal. Lat. 38° 31' N; long. 8° 53′ W. Pop. About 25,000. Tr.-E. Oranges, lemons, grapes, corn, wine, salt, cork wood, and spirits; woven goods are not allowed to be imported into this port. Large quantities of sardines are now shipped from this port. Accn. In channel off bar at LW. there is 14ft at ST., NT. 15ft; at HW. 23ft to 28ft; tides rise from 8ft to 10ft. Pilotage. 1d ton measurement up to 150 tons, every ton above that d; maximum I IIS 3d, and minimum 8/4. Pilot receives for his services on board outside the harb. or inside the river Sado 4/2 the first day, and 34 day after.

SEVILLE, Spain. Lat. 37° 10' N ; long. 6° 10′ W. Pop. 134,000. Tr.-I. Hides, hemp, flax, iron, manufactured goods, and colonial produce; E. Manzanilla and Amontillado wines, lemons, oranges, wool, &c. Accn. The river as far as Seville is navigable for vessels drawing 13ft to 15ft, and ST. 15ft. Pilotage. In the Guadalquivir river from Bonanza to Seville, payable on ship's gross tonnage :-From £1 17s 6d for steamers and vessels under 60 tons towed and £2 Is 8d for vessels under 60 tons sailing, to £3 15s for steamers and vessels above 800 tons towed and £4 11s 8d for vessels above 800 tons sailing. Mooring tariff payable on ship's gross tonnage, from 2/6 to 7/6. Towage. As per agreement, from 48 6s Sd to £10 8s 4d, not drawing more than 14ft; above, from £12 10s to 14 11s 8d from San Lucar to Seville, and vice versa.

SHANGHAI, China. Lat. 31° 15′ N ; long. 121° 28′ E. Pop. about 400,000. Tr.-I. Cotton and woollen manufactures, and sugar; E. Tea, silk, cotton, gold, &c. Accn. Vessels of 24ft dft. can ascend as far as Shanghai at ST. There are five dry docks, 325ft, 330ft, 345ft, 380ft, and 450ft respectively. Charges. On a vessel of 740 reg. tons £5 4s 9d. Pilotage. Gutzlaff to Shanghai, sail. ves. about 25/, s.s. 20/. Lightship to Shanghai, sail. ves. about 22/6, s.s. 20. Wusung to Shanghai, sail. ves. about 10/, s s. 7/6. Sea to Wusung, sail. ves. about 17/6, s.s. 15. Same rates outward. Towage. On vessel of 1,199 reg. tons, coal in and ballast out, towing in and out, and from and to moorings £82 10s.

SHEDIAC, N.B. Lat. 46° 16' N; long. 66° 35′ W. Pop. 1,000. Tr.-E. Lumber. Accn. Port, easy of access, is recognised as a harb. of refuge. Vessels can now load to 14ft or more at the wharf before moving out into the stream. Ships from 800 to 1,000 tons load inside to 18ft. Charges. Tonnage

and light dues id ton.

Harb. master 16/8 to 20/10. Pilotage.

In 6/3 foot, out 3/9 foot. SHEET HARBOUR, N.S. Lat. 44° 47' 25" N; long. 62° 32′ 43′′ W. Tr.-E. Lumber. Accn. A perfectly safe and almost landlocked harb., and can receive vessels of any dft. Charges. Charges and dues on a barque of 600 tons £65 18s 9d. Pilotage. On a barque of 600 tons, in and

out £6.

SIERRA LEONE, Africa. Lat. 8° 29' 57" N; long. 13° 14′ 30′′ W. Tr.-I. Cotton goods, gunpowder, clothing, hardware, haberdashery, rum, and gin; E. Gold, ground nuts, copal, palm oil, palm nuts, ginger, hides, ivory, rice, tobacco, timber. Accn. Safe and commodious harb., with sufficient water for the largest vessels afloat. Ships of any size can lie in harb. Charges. Tonnage dues 1/, light dues 3d, harb. dues 2d reg. ton. A vessel of 230 tons d. w., drawing 11ft, cost £28 14s 9d. Pilotage. In 5/ foot, out 2/6 foot. Towage. By agree

ment.

SIERRA MORENA, W.I. Lat. 22° 58' N; long. 80° 30' W. Tr.-E. Molasses. Accn. Vessels of

11ft dft. can safely enter. SINGAPORE, Straits Settlements. Lat. 1° 17' N; long. 103° 51' E. Pop. 120,000. Tr.-E. Gambia, tin, sago, tapioca, white and black pepper, tortoiseshell, mother-ofpearl, gutta percha, nutmegs, mace, camphor, gum elastic, coffee, sapan wood, shellac, rattans. Accn. The new harb. possesses wharves and jetties. Vessels drawing 19ft to 24ft can discharge and load with ease and despatch alongside at all times. The new Albert Dock is 467ft long, 60ft wide at the entrance, and has a depth of 21ft. Four graving docks. Charges. Is a free port. No tonnage or harb. dues. Pilotage. Inwards :--From Cyrene Shoal to Patent Slip and Dock Co., per foot dft. 3/14d; from Cyrene Shoal to any part of the new harb., or passing through new harb. to eastward 4/2; from eastward to Tanjong Pagar 3/1; from any other part of new harb., or passing through new harb. as far as Cyrene Shoal, 4/2d. Outwards: From Tanjong Pagar to eastward 3/14; from any other part of new harb., or passing through new harb. to eastward, 4/2; from Patent Slip and Dock Co. to westward as far as Cyrene Shoal 3/1; from any other part of new harb., or passing through new harb. westward as far as Cyrene Shoal, 4/2. Between Cyrene Shoal and Sultan Shoal, to or from, half the above rates in addition, 3/11⁄2; from one part to another of new harb, South Channel, Penang, 3/1; passing through from South 4/2; ditto North 3/1; vessels entering from the North are liable only to a charge for berthing of 1 os 10d; mooring and unmooring vessels when no pilotage is charged, each Los rod.

SKUTSKAR, Sweden. Tr.-E. Wood goods. Accn. A safe and commodious harb. Vessels not drawing more than 24ft can load in harb. Charges. Port charges are reasonable. Pilotage. On a vessel of 222 tons reg. entering in ballast, leaving with a cargo of 107 standard deals, in 1 os 9d, out LI Ios 7ld. Towage. On a vessel of 222 reg. tons with a cargo of deals, to sea £2 2s 6d.

SLITO, Sweden. Tr.-I. Coal, imported chiefly for the use of steamers calling in; E. Timber and lime. Accn. One of the best harbs. in the Baltic, with 20 to 30ft. The inner

harb. can accommodate a few small vessels close to the pier in 12 to 16ft of water. Charges. On a brig 171 reg. tons £21 10S. Pilotage. On a brig of 171 tons reg. loading part of cargo at Wisby and finishing loading at Slito-at Wisby, inwards and gratuity £1; at Slito, in and out £1 Is 24d.

SMYRNA, Turkey. Lat. 38° 25' 40" N; long. 27° 9' 10" E. Tr.-I. Manufactured goods, furs, grain, coals, iron, tin, cotton, coffee, copper, earthenware, &c. ; E. Fruit, raw silk, valonia, madder, roots, liquorice, carpets, cotton, wool, sponges, opium, &c. Accn. The principal port in the Levant; vessels can lie alongside the quays in 24ft of water at end of railway pier, and 12ft alongside it. Charges. On a schooner of 140 tons £50 (cargo in and out). Pilotage. There are no regular pilots; they are generally engaged outside by masters to assist in navigating their vessels to the entrance of the gulf; the charge for this is about 1. Towage. 18/ each time.

SODERHAMN, Sweden. Lat. 61° 17′ N; long. 17° 5' E. Pop. 4,000. Tr.-E. İron and wood. Accn. Vessels can load 16ft 4in English. Charges. On vessel of 500 tons £32 95. Pilotage. On a steamer of 500 tons reg. coming from a foreign port in ballast, cargo out to a foreign port, in, 1oft, 16/9}; out, 17ft, £1 10s 64d; to Prestholm, 17ft, 17/2. On a sailing vessel 300 tons reg. from foreign port in ballast, cargo out to foreign port, in, 9 ft, 14/8; out, 17 ft, £1 10s 6d. Towage. On a steamer of 500 reg. tons coming from a foreign port in ballast, cargo out to foreign port, to Prestholm 2 2s 6d.

SOURABAYA, Java. Lat. 7° 13' 8" S; long. 112° 46′ E. Pop. 127,500. Tr.-I. Calicoes, canvas, glasswares, porcelain, paper, iron, petroleum, candles, &c.; E. Sugar, rice, coffee, hides, indigo, tobacco, pepper, &c. Accn. A basin capable of containing 20 vessels of from 100 to 800 tons. Has a dry dock 280ft long and a patent slip. One of the chief towns of Isle of Java. Charges. On ship of 803 tons, sugar cargo, about £35. Pilotage. (Not compulsory.) About £8 or £9.

SPALATO, Austria.-Lat. 43° 30' 11" N.; long. 16° 26' 10" E. Pop. about 20,000. Principal export, wine, which is carried to France by English steamers. Accn. The harbour is safe, and sheltered by a breakwater. The depth varies from 13 to 25ft. There is a rising trade here, owing to the new railway.

SPÉZZIA, Italy. Lat. 44° 4′ 29′′ N ; long. 9° 50' 30" E. Pop. About 35,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, timber, flour, and hides; E. Oil, manganese ore, pig-lead, silver, grain, wine, and sandstone for paving purposes. Accn. Depth of water 12ft at entrance of inner harb. There are two openings on land side, E. and W., latter 200 and former 400 yds wide. Vessels usually anchor off town, in 5 fms. A breakwater has been built 23 miles from town across gulf. Charges. Tonnage dues 54d ton. Sanitary dues d and sailing vessels 24d ton.

SPRANGSVIKEN, Sweden. Tr.-E. Deals and tar. Accn. Fine harb., where vessels can load to 20ft. Charges. On vessel of 600 tons, ballast in and cargo out £65. Pilotage. On a vessel of 506 tons reg., ballast in and cargo out drawing 18ft loaded, in £2 15 34d; out £2 13s 11d. Towage. On a vessel of 506 reg. tons, ballast in and cargo out, drawing 184ft loaded, from Hernosand to Sprangsviken £4 10s 34d.