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Boat declaration not required from British passenger steamers, but production of Passenger Certificate necessary.

Ships under Passengers' Act must in addition have a bond executed in duplicate before the Clearing Officer by master and owner or charterer. Outward Pilotage.-For foreign vessels going beyond Brest the receipt for outward pilotage must be produced.

Bills of Health are issued at the clearing seat when required.

Coasting Trade Defined.-All trade by sea from any one part of the United Kingdom to another shall be deemed to be coasting trade. Penalty for coasting ship deviating from coasting voyage unless forced by unavoidable circumstances. Goods brought coastwise may be entered outwards without landing if not liable to duty.

Cargo Books must be kept by masters in the coasting trade under penalty. Transire and duplicate containing the necessary particulars signed by the master shall, in the coasting trade, before departure of vessel be delivered to the collector, who retains the duplicate and returns the original duly signed by him. This account shall be the outward clearance of the ship and the transire or pass for the goods therein.

Transires of Foreign Vessels.—Before issue of transire the agent applying for same is to produce a declaration made by the master showing the vessel's nationality.

COMPARISON OF THE DRAUGHT OF FOREIGN VESSELS WITH THE EQUIVALENT DRAUGHT IN ENGLISH FEET.

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COMPARISON OF THE DRAUGHT OF FOREIGN VESSELS

WITH THE EQUIVALENT DRAUGHT IN ENGLISH FEET

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The Belgian Measure is similar to the French. Large Bremen and Russian Ships are usually marked in English feet; Dutch, Antwerp, and German with Rhineland Measure; Finland with Swedish; and Austrian with Italian Measure. Greek and Italian Lineal Measure are similar to the French.

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1 F, 2 F, 3 F, Lloyd's Register Class for foreign vessels not constructed according to Lloyd's rules, but surveyed by Lloyd's.

LLOYD'S REGister for Iron Ships and Steamers.

to survey every 4 years;

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every 3 years. The above class was formerly given, the following are now in use:-100 A, 95 A, 90 A, subject to survey every 4 years; 85 A, 80 A, 75 A, every 3 years,

LIVERPOOL IRON BOOK.-Iron ships and steamers are classed in red (for periods varying from 10 to 20 years) that have been inspected by the Liverpool Association Surveyor during construction. Vessels not surveyed as above are classed in black. Twenty years red, survey every 4 years, less than 20 years red, every 3 years; 20 years black, every 4 years, less than 20 years black, every 2 years.

LIGHTS.

Regulations as to Lights to be carried when ships are under way. SAILING-SHIP.-Green light starboard side; red light port side. STEAMSHIP.---Green light starboard side; red light port side; white light before foremast, not less than twenty feet, nor less than breadth of ship above hull.

SHIP BEING OVERTAKEN BY ANOTHER SHIP.-White light or flare up at stern.

STEAMER TOWING ANOTHER SHIP.-Green light starboard side; red light port side; two white lights vertically before fore

mast.

SAILING-SHIP BEING TOWED.-The same as another sailing

ship.

SHIP LAYING OR PICKING UP A TELEGRAPH CABLE.-Three vertical lights before foremast six feet apart, the highest and lowest red, the middle white.

SHIP NOT UNDER COMMAND.-Three vertical red lights before foremast, three feet apart.

PILOT VESSEL ON PILOTAGE DUTIES.-White light at masthead, and at intervals, not exceeding 15 minutes, a flare up light. PILOTAGE VESSEL WHEN NOT ON PILOTAGE DUTIES.-The same lights as other ships.

OPEN FISHING AND OTHER OPEN BOATS.-In lieu of sidelights, a lantern, showing green on one side and red on the other, to be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent a collision, They may also use a flare up in addition,

FISHING VESSELS EMPLOYED IN DRIFT NET FISHING OR TRAWLING.-Two white lights from any part of the vessel whence they can best be seen. Lower light to be forward not less than six nor more than ten feet from the higher light. They may also use a flare up in addition. All flare up lights exhibited when trawling, dredging, or fishing, shall be shown from the after part of the vessel, excepting that if the vessel is hanging by the stern to her trawl, dredge, or net, they shall be exhibited from the bow.

Lights ordered to be carried when at anchor.

ALL SHIPS, VESSELS, BOATS AND FISHING VESSELS.-A bright white light.

If a fishing vessel becomes stationary in consequence of her net fouling a rock or other obstruction, she shall show the light and make the fog signals for a vessel at anchor.

BRITISH SHIPS' PAPERS.

THE FOLLOWING ARE THe Papers genNERALLY FOUND ON BOARD A MERCHANT VESSEL (UNDER DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES THIS LIST MAY VARY):—

Every merchant vessel should carry on board some official voucher of her nationality, issued by the authorities of the country to which she belongs.

The official voucher of a vessel which belongs to a country possessing a register of its mercantile marine, is a certificate of her Registry in other cases its form varies, and is called "Passport," "Sea-brief," &c.

The Certificate of Registry is a document signed by the registrar of the port to which the vessel belongs, and usually specifies the name of the vessel and such port; her tonnage, &c.; the name of her master; particulars as to her origin; and names and description of her registered owners, &c.

The Passport purports to be a requisition on the part of a Sovereign Power or State to suffer the vessel to pass freely with her company, passengers, goods and merchandise without any hindrance, seizure, or molestation, as being owned by citizens or subjects of such State. It usually contains the name and residence of the master ; together with the name, description, and destination of the vessel.

The Sea-letter, or Sea-brief is issued by the civil authorities of the port where the vessel is fitted out; and it entitles the Master to sail under the flag and pass of the nation to which he belongs; and also specifies the nature and quantity of the cargo, by whom it is owned, and its destination.

The Charter-party is the written contract by which a vessel is let, in whole or in part; the person hiring being called the charterer. It is executed by the owner or master, and the charterer.

Amongst other things it usually specifies the name of the master, the name and description of the vessel, the port where she was lying at the time of the execution of the charter, the name and residence of the charterer, the character of the cargo to be put on board, the port of loading, the port of delivery, and the freight which is to be paid.

The Charter-party is almost invariably found on board a vessel which has been chartered.

The Official Log-book is the log-book which the master is compelled to keep in the form prescribed by the municipal law of the country to which the vessel belongs.

The Ship's Log is the log kept by the master or mate for the information of the owners of the vessel.

The Builder's Contract is found on board a vessel which has not changed hands since she was built. It sometimes serves, in the absence of the pass or sea-letter or certificate of registry, for verification of a vessel's nationality.

The Bill of Sale is the instrument by which a vessel is transferred to a purchaser. It should be required whenever a sale of a vessel is alleged to have been made either during the war or just previous to its commencement, and if there is any reason to suspect that the vessel is liable to detention, either as an enemy's vessel or as a British or allied vessel trading with the enemy.

Bills of Lading usually accompany each lot of goods.

A Bill of Lading on board a vessel is a duplicate of the document given by the master to the shipper of goods on the occasion of the shipment; it specifies the name of the shipper, the date and place of the shipment, the name and destination of the vessel, the description, quantity, and destination of the goods, and the freights which are to be paid.

The Invoices, which should always accompany the cargo, contain particulars of each parcel of goods, with the amount of the freight, duties, and other charges thereon, and specify the name and address of the shippers and consignees.

The Manifest is a list of the vessel's cargo, containing the mark and number of each separate package, the names of the shippers and consignees; a specification of the quantity of goods contained in each package, as rum, sugar, &c., and also an account of the freight corresponding with the bills of lading. In many cases packages are signed for "contents unknown."

The Manifest is usually signed by the ship-broker who clears the vessel out at the custom-house, and by the master.

The Clearance is the certificate of the custom-house authorities of the last port from where the vessel touched, to show that the custom duties have been paid. The clearance specifies the cargo

and its destination.

Shipping Articles are the agreements for hiring seamen. They should be signed by every seaman on board, and should describe accurately the voyage and the terms for which each seaman ships, and specify the provisions to be given.

Crew List and Shipping Articles.-Upon arriving in a foreign country the master of a vessel deposits these papers with the Consul representing the flag which covers the vessel, and takes a receipt therefor: these papers are returned to the master when clearing from his Consul.

The Bill of Health is a certificate that the vessel comes from a place where no contagious distemper prevails, and that none of her crew were infected at the time of her departure, and is endorsed if any sickness was prevalent,

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