aforesaid, subject only to such alterations therein as shall be just and proper, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Treasury, to conform to the transfers and changes aforesaid, ascertained by the assessors as aforesaid; and the said collectors shall, annually, in all respects, proceed in and conclude the collection of the said direct tax in the same manner and within the time hereinbefore provided and prescribed.

SEC. 46. And be it further enacted, That in case any State, territory or the District of Columbia, after notice given of its intention to assume and pay, or to levy, collect and pay said direct tax herein provided for and apportioned to said State, territory or district, shall, in any year after the taking effect of this act, fail to pay the amount of said direct tax, or any part thereof, as provided in this act, in such cases it shall be lawful for the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to appoint United States assessors, assistant assessors and collectors, as in this act provided, whose duty it shall be to proceed forthwith, under such regulations as the said Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, to collect all or any part of said direct tax the same as though said State, territory or district had not given notice, nor assumed to levy, collect and pay said taxes, or any part thereof.

SEC. 47. And be it further enacted, That any person who shall be convicted of wilfully taking a false oath or affirmation, in any of the cases in which an oath or affirmation is required to be taken by this act, shall be liable to the pains and penalties to which persons are liable for wilful and corrupt perjury, and shall, moreover, forfeit the sum of five hundred dollars.

SEC. 48. And be it further enacted, That there shall be allowed to the collectors appointed under this act, in full compensation for their services and that of their deputies in carrying this act into effect, a commission of four per centum upon the first hundred thousand dollars, one per centum upon the second one hundred thousand dollars, and one-half of one per centum upon all sums above two hundred thousand dollars; such commissions to be computed upon the amounts by them respectively paid over and accounted for under the instructions of the Treasury Department: Provided, That in no case shall such commissions exceed the sum of eight thousand dollars for a principal officer and two thousand dollars for an assistant. And there shall be further allowed to each collector their necessary and reasonable charges for stationery and blank books used in the performance of their official duties, which, after being duly examined and certified by the Commissioner of Taxes, shall be paid out of the Treasury.

SEC. 49. And be it further enacted, That, from and after the first day of January next, there shall be levied, collected and paid upon the annual income of every person residing in the United States, whether such income is derived from any kind of property, or from any profession, trade, employment or vocation carried on in the United States or elsewhere, or from any other source whatever, if such annual income exceeds the sum of eight hundred dollars, a tax of three per centum on the amount of such excess of such income above eight hundred dollars: Provided, That upon such portion of said income as shall be derived from interest upon treasury notes or other securities of the United States, there shall be levied, collected and paid a tax of one and one-half per centum. Upon the income, rents or dividends accruing upon any property, securities or stocks owned

in the United States by any citizen of the United States residing abroad, there shall be levied, collected and paid a tax of five per centum, excepting that portion of said income derived from interest on treasury notes and other securities of the government of the United States, which shall pay one and one-half per centum. The tax herein provided shall be assessed upon the annual income of the persons herein named for the year next preceding the time for assessing said tax, to wit, the year next preceding the first of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-two; and the said taxes, when so assessed and made public, shall become a lien on the property or other sources of said income for the amount of the same, with the interest and other expenses of collection until paid: Provided, That, in estimating said income, all national, State or local taxes assessed upon the property from which the income is derived shall be first deducted.

SEC. 50. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the President of the United States, and he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint one principal assessor and one principal collector in each of the States and territories of the United States and in the District of Columbia, to assess and collect the internal duties or income tax imposed by this act, with authority in each of said officers to appoint so many assistants as the public service may require, to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury; the said taxes to be assessed and collected under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. The said collectors herein authorized to be appointed shall give bonds, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury, in such sums as he may prescribe, for the faithful performance of their respective duties. And the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe such reasonable compensation for the assessment and collection of said internal duties or income tax as may appear to him just and proper; not, however, to exceed in any case the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars per annum for the principal officers herein referred to, and twelve hundred dollars per annum for an assistant. The assistant collectors herein provided shall give bonds, to the satisfaction of the principal collector, for the faithful performance of their duties. The Secretary of the Treasury is further authorized to select and appoint one or more depositaries in each State, for the deposit and safe-keeping of the moneys arising from the taxes herein imposed when collected, and the receipt of the proper officer of such depositary to the collector, for the moneys deposited by him, shall be the proper voucher for such collector in the settlement of his account at the Treasury Department. And he is further authorized and empowered to make such officer or depositary the disbursing agent of the Treasury, for the payment of all interest due to the citizens of such State upon the Treasury notes or other government securities issued by authority of law. And he shall also prescribe the forms of returns to be made to the department by all assessors and collectors appointed under the authority of this act. He shall also prescribe the form of oath or obligation to be taken by the several officers authorized or directed to be appointed and commissioned by the President under this act, before a competent magistrate, duly authorized to administer oaths, and the form of the return to be made thereon to the Treasury Department.

SEC. 51. And be it further enacted, That the tax herein imposed by the forty-ninth section of this act shall be due and payable on or before the thirtieth day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and

all sums due and unpaid at that day shall draw interest thereafter at the rate of six per centum per annum; and if any person or persons shall neglect or refuse to pay, after due notice, said tax assessed against him, her or them, for the space of more than thirty days after the same is due and payable, it shall be lawful for any collector or assistant collector, charged with the duty of collecting such tax, and they are hereby authorized to levy the same on the visible property of any such person, or so much thereof as may be sufficient to pay such tax, with the interest due thereon, and the expenses incident to such levy and sale, first giving thirty days' public notice of the time and place of the sale thereof; and in case of the failure of any person or persons, authorized to act as agent or agents for the collection of the rents or other income of any person residing abroad, shall neglect or refuse to pay the tax assessed thereon, (having had due notice,) for more than thirty days after the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, the collector or his assistant, for the district where such property is located, or rents or income is payable, shall be and hereby is authorized to levy upon the property itself, and to sell the same, or so much thereof as may be necessary to pay the tax assessed, together with the interest and expenses incident to such levy and sale, first giving thirty days' public notice of the time and place of sale. And in all cases of the sale of property herein authorized, the conveyance by the officer authorized to make the sale, duly executed, shall give a valid title to the purchaser, whether the property sold be real or personal. And the several collectors and assistants appointed under the authority of this act may, if they find no property to satisfy the taxes assessed upon any person by authority of the forty-ninth section of this act, and which such person neglects to pay as hereinbefore provided, shall have power, and it shall be their duty to examine under oath the person assessed under this act, or any other person, and may sell at public auction, after ten days' notice, any stocks, bonds or choses in action belonging to said person, or so much thereof as will pay such tax and the expenses of such sale; and in case he refuses to testify, the said several collectors and assistants shall have power to arrest such person and commit him to prison, to be held in custody until the same shall be paid, with interest thereon, at the rate of six per centum per annum, from the time when the same was payable as aforesaid, and all fees and charges of such commitment and custody. And the place of custody shall in all cases be the same provided by law for the custody of persons committed for any cause by the authority of the United States; and the warrant of the collector, stating the cause of commitment, shall be sufficient authority to the proper officer for receiving and keeping such person in custody until the amount of said tax and interest, and all fees and the expense of such custody, shall have been fully paid and discharged, which fees and expenses shall be the same as are chargeable under the laws of the United States in other cases of commitment and custody. And it shall be the duty of such collector to pay the expenses of such custody, and the same, with his fees, shall be allowed on settlement of his accounts. And the person so committed shall have the same right to be discharged from such custody as may be allowed by the laws of the State or territory, or the District of Columbia, where he is so held in custody, to persons committed under the laws of such State or territory, or District of Columbia, for the non-payment of taxes, and in the manner provided by such laws;

or he may be discharged at any time by order of the Secretary of the Treasury.

SEC. 52. And be it further enacted, That, should any of the people of any of the States or territories of the United States, or the District of Columbia, be in actual rebellion against the authority of the government of the United States at the time this act goes into operation, so that the laws of the United States cannot be executed therein, it shall be the duty of the President, and he is hereby authorized to proceed to execute the provisions of this act, within the limits of such State or territory, or District of Columbia, so soon as the authority of the United States therein is re-established, and to collect the sums which would have been due from the persons residing or holding property or stocks therein, with the interest due, at the rate of six per centum per annum thereon, until paid, in the manner and under the regulations prescribed in the foregoing sections of this act.

SEC. 53. And be it further enacted, That any State or territory, and the District of Columbia, may lawfully assume, assess, collect and pay into the Treasury of the United States the direct tax, or its quota thereof, imposed by this act upon the State, territory or the District of Columbia, in its own way and manner, by and through its own officers, assessors and collectors; that it shall be lawful to use for this purpose the last or any subsequent valuation list or appraisal made by State or territorial authority for the purpose of State or territorial taxation therein, next preceding the date when this act takes effect, to make any laws or regulations for these purposes, to fix or change the compensation to officers, assessors and collectors; and any such State, territory or district, which shall give notice by the Governor, or other proper officer thereof, to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, on or before the second Tuesday of February next, and in each succeeding year thereafter, of its intention to assume and pay, or to assess, collect and pay into the Treasury of the United States the direct tax imposed by this act, shall be entitled, in lieu of the compensation, pay per diem and per centage herein prescribed and allowed to assessors, assistant assessors and collectors of the United States. to a deduction of fifteen per centum on the quota of direct tax appor tioned to such State, territory or the District of Columbia levied and collected by the said State, territory and District of Columbia through its said officers: Provided, however, That the deduction shall only be made to apply to such part or parts of the same as shall have been actually paid into the Treasury of the United States on or before the last day of June in the year to which such payment relates, and a deduction of ten per centum to such part or parts of the same as shall have been actually paid into the Treasury of the United States on or before the last day of September in the year to which such payment relates, such year being regarded as commencing on the first day of April: And provided further, That whenever notice of the intention to make such payment by the State or territory and the District of Columbia shall have been given to the Secretary of the Treasury, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, no assessors, assistant assessors or collectors, in any State, territory or district, so giving notice, shall be appointed, unless said State or territory shall be in default: And provided, further, That the amount of direct tax apportioned to any State, territory or District of Columbia shall be liable to be paid and satisfied, in whole or in part, by the

release of such State, territory or district, duly executed to the United States, of any liquidated and determined claim of such State, territory or district of equal amount against the United States: Provided, That, in case of such release, such State, territory or district shall be allowed the same abatement of the amount of such tax as would be allowed in case of the payment of the same in money.

SEC. 54. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the collectors aforesaid in their respective districts, and they are hereby authorized to collect the duties imposed by this act, and to prosecute for the recovery of the same, and for the recovery of any sum or sums which may be forfeited by virtue of this act; and all fines, penalties and forfeitures which shall be incurred by force of this act, shall and may be sued for and recovered in the name of the United States, or of the collector within whose district any such fine, penalty or forfeiture shall have been incurred, by bill, plaint or information; one moiety thereof to the use of the United States, and the other moiety thereof to the use of such collector.

SEC. 55. And be it further enacted, That the amount of all debts due to the United States by any collector, under this act, whether secured by bond or otherwise, shall and are hereby declared to be a lien upon the lands and real estate of such collector, and of his sureties, if he shall have given bond, from the time when suit shall be instituted for recovering the same; and, for want of goods and chattels and other personal effects of such collector or his sureties to satisfy any judgment which shall or may be recovered against them, respectively, such lands and real estate may be sold at public auction, after being advertised for at least three weeks in not less than three public papers within the collection district, and in one newspaper printed in the county, if any there be, at least six weeks prior to the time of sale; and for all lands or real estate sold in pursuance of the authority aforesaid, the conveyances of the marshals or their deputies, executed in due form of law, shall give a valid title against all persons claiming under such collector or his sureties, respectively.

SEC. 56. And be it further enacted, That, for superintending the collection of the direct tax and internal duties or income tax laid by this act, an officer is hereby authorized in the Treasury Department, to be called "Commissioner of Taxes," who shall be charged, under the direction of the Secretary, with preparing all the forms necessary for the assessment and collection of the tax and duties aforesaid, with preparing, signing and distributing all such licenses as are required, and with the general superintendence of all the officers employed in assessing and collecting said tax and duties; said commissioner shall be appointed by the President, upon the nomination of the Secretary of the Treasury, and he shall receive an annual salary of three thousand dollars. The Secretary of the Treasury may assign the necessary clerks to the office of said commissioner, whose aggregate salaries shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum, and the amount required to pay the salaries of said commissioner and clerks is hereby appropriated.

SEC. 57. And be it further enacted, That in case of the sickness or temporary disability of a collector to discharge such of his duties as cannot, under existing laws, be discharged by a deputy, they may be devolved by him upon a deputy; Provided, Information thereof be immediately communicated to the Secretary of the Treasury, and shall not be