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MARINE LOSSES FOR JULY, 1861. (CONTINUED.)

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RAIL-ROAD AND TELEGRAPH STATISTICS.

I. THE TELEGRAPH FROM Moscow TO NEW-YORK. II. BRITISH RAILWAY STATISTICS. III. NEW ROUTE FROM EUROPE TO INDIA. IV. IMPORTANT TO RAILWAY COMPANIES. V. STEAM ON COMMON ROADS. VI. THE PACIFIC TELEGRAPH. VII. THE ATLANTIC CABLE.

THE RUSSIAN PACIFIC TELEGRAPH.

THE plan for establishing a telegraphic line connecting Europe through Siberia with the Pacific Ocean has, during four years, had time to take shape and form, so that, at the commencement of the present year, the supreme sanction was given to the project for constructing a telegraphic line in the counties bordering on the Amoor and Oussouri, from Nikolaiewsk by Kabarovka to the port of Novgorod, (1,900 versts,) the most important point of the possessions recently annexed to Russia on the sea of Japan. The establishment of this line is undertaken by the Ministry of Marine at its cost and under its direction; and at the same time the superior direction of the means of communication (Board of Works) has commenced the construction of a line starting from Kasan in the direction of Siberia, which proposes opening at the end of the present year a telegraphic communication from Kasan to Omsk, (1,900 versts,) and continue it afterwards to Irkutsk, a distance of 2,475 versts from Omsk. Thus, probably within two or three years, on the one side there will be telegraphic communication between Europe and Asia to Irkutsk, and, on the other hand, our new colonies on the Amoor and Oussouri will be connected with each other, and with our principal ports on the Japanese waters. Thus of the extent of 10,000 versts, which the Siberian telegraph will embrace, there only remains the central portion, that of Irkutsk by Kyachta to Kabarovka, about 3,500 versts, where as yet nothing has been settled; but it is beyond a doubt that as soon as the works actually projected shall have been successfully completed, this intermediate line will be constructed, and thus, within four or five years at the latest, the gigantic project of a telegraph from Europe to the distant lands on the shores of the Pacific Ocean will be realized. The year 1861 promises to be a memorable one, if we consider the great questions which will receive a solution. Among those questions we must place the commencement of a durable connection and the establishment of rapid communication between Siberia and civilized Europe, and the apparatus of the electric telegraph on the virgin shores of the Amoor and Sea of Japan. It seems needless to point out the importance and usefulness of so vast an extension of improved communication by the promoters of civilization and commerce.-St. Petersburgh Gazette.

Colonel ROMANOFF, of the imperial Russian engineers, was introduced to the members of the New-York Chamber of Commerce, October 11th, to lay before them the project of a telegraph line to run from St. Petersburgh to some point on the eastern shore of Siberia, and from thence to the Russian possessions on this continent.

The great overland telegraph to be erected will, when completed, form a direct chain of communication throughout the world. It was first started in accordance with an ukase from the Emperor of Russia, issued in 1858, since which time three thousand miles of it have been laid from St. Petersburgh to Omsk, in Eastern Siberia. Moscow, three thousand five hundred miles from that point, will be the principal station. The wires will go over Behring's Straits, a distance of forty miles, the currents of which depend on the winds, and are never beyond three miles. The widest gap in the Straits is eight miles. The line will cross from Omsk to Orkutsk, thence to Kyachta-the great entrepôt of commerce from Siberia to China; from that point it will be continued to the Altai Mountains to Cheta, and thence to Nicoleisk, at the mouth of the Amoor River. This will end the Russian project which has been guaranteed by the government. The propriety of continuing the line to the United States is now under advisement, and the project is considered easily practicable, involving only an additional outlay of $1,000,000 or $3,000,000, according to the route taken. The following table shows the number of miles to be embraced by the whole line:

St. Louis to San Francisco, (1,800 miles finished,).
San Francisco to Prince of Wales' Cape,.

Behring's Straits (submerged,)..

East Cape to mouth of Amoor River,.

Amoor River to Moscow, (1,200 miles finished,)..

Total,....

Miles.

2,000

2,500

40

2,400

7,000

13,940

Count ROMANOFF states that the line will be completed to Irkutsh in about a year, which will enable the merchants of London to communicate with Pekin in fourteen days. It has been proposed to extend it from the mouth of the Amoor to Jeddo, Japan, which will involve but three submerges-one of six miles, one of eight and another of twelve. Count ROMANOFF also stated that the cable sunk in the Red Sea by the British government, to communicate with India, was eaten by insects, with which the water abounds, after it had successfully operated for about three months, and it is now considered impracticable to renew the enterprise at that point. The British government had appointed a commission to inquire into the causes of the failure.

American vessels frequently sail to the Amoor with spices, tea, coffee, iron, &c., and the establishment of telegraphic communication between the United States and that point, and Russia in general, must tend to increase the trade between both countries.

Col. ROMANOFF will prosecute his inquiries in the United States for about two months, and then return to Russia. Mr. COLLINS, in the mean time, will give him many of the facilities necessary to his mission.

The proposed line will unite all the telegraphs in the world, without crossing the Atlantic Ocean, so that the great" cable" enterprise need not be resuscitated. The cost is set down for two wires at $3,000,000. To maintain this line, one thousand men, at $300 each per annum, would become necessary, making a total of $300,000. To this force it is posed to add one hundred stations, at $1,000 per annum; two supply vessels at $40,000; interest on capital at 7 per cent. per annum, $210,000; contingencies, $100,000. Total, $750,000. It is calculated that 300,000 messages, at $5 each, would be received, making a total of $1,500,000

revenue.

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