REFINEMENT.

The following eloquent and just remarks are from the address of the Hon. J. R. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, delivered before the Societies of the University of Georgia.

"Refinement might, therefore, well direct a primary and more than preparatory effort, without abatement of dignity or wasting attention on trivial things, to external manners as an efficient means of general accomplishment; rather, perhaps, we should say, to mannerfor the term is intended to embrace not merely a disciplined carriage of the limbs in the formal intercourse of society, but everything that under the name of conduct or deportment, is superhuman to intrinsic merit, and is employed in making merit the more available.It comprehends, for example, in language, however exalted or however humble may be the occasion for its use, a clear style, and distinct and attractive, though unaffected utterance; in the developments of science the most profound simplicity and even beauty of illustration, not less than depth of research; even in the exercise of charity, the greatest of Christian virtues, cheerfulness and kindly bearing in the charitable giver, as well as value and fitness in the gift; in ordinary affairs of business, integrity, made doubly welcome by a frank and courteous address. It is a golden thread, easily woven into every texture, which it will scarcely fail to strengthen and adorn."

"It was the observation of a most remarkable woman, whose personal fascinations did not fail with the progress of time, that beauty without grace, was a hook without bait.' Compare, as may be done occasionally in society, two individuals of the hardier sex, alike in bodily proportions, features and muscular developmentthe one awkward, careless and blundering, the other radiant with dignity and gracefulness, and the value of external refinement will be practically shown.

"Let it not be supposed that the cultivation of manner, which is earnestly advocated, belongs in its nature, or is intended in its application and use, for certain classes merely, for the educated and affluent, while it would overlook larger numbers, and, in a country like ours, not less important interests. No cottage is so lowly, no employment so unpretending, as to be more than others a stranger to its benefits. If there be a difference in the value of genuine refinement that which causes the heart to sympathize-according to the different situations in which it should appear, a higher relative estimate may be placed upon it beneath the humble shelter of a straw-built shed, than in the halls of opulence. Wealth may com

mand a counterfeit resemblance, may assume the studied air of affability without the feeling it implies, and spread its floors with artificial grace and elegance. There is no artifice in the refinement of the poor. Their simple dwellings, decorated with the fragrant ornaments of nature, by the hand which gathers with daily toil its daily bread, and lighted up with smiles and innocence, are as radiant as the palaces of kings. The same garlands of flowers, plucked from nature's bed, which in Eden our first parent wove for his all-accomplished bride,

The loveliest pair

That ever since in love's embraces met:

Adam, the goodliest man of men since born,
His sons-the fairest of her daughters, Eve-

may be gathered anew, as emblems of the simple elegance of cottage life. Yet Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of these.' And that bright token of an unspotted spirit which shines most brightly in the cabin of the poor, the opposite of the loathsome livery of want, disease, and crime, let cleanliness be there. It was a common saying of Sir Edward Coke, England's mirror of the law, that the cleanliness of a man's garments was calculated to remind him of keeping all clean within. Coarse fare is sweet when welcome crowns the boards. Good will is always graceful; and the smile that plays around the lips of innocence, instinct with cheerfulness, is richer than a monarch's favor."

THE GENTLEMAN.

Extract from Bishop Doane's address at Burlington College: "When you have found a man, you have not far to go to find a gentleman. You cannot make a gold ring out of brass. You cannot change a Cape May crystal to a diamond. You cannot make a gentleman till you have first a man. To be a gentleman, it will not be sufficient to have had a grandfather. To be a gentleman, does not depend upon the tailor, or the toilet. Blood will degenerate. Good clothes are not good habits. The Prince Lee Boo concluded that the hog, in England, was the only gentleman, as being the only thing that did not labor. A gentleman is just a gentle-man; no more, no less; a diamond polished, that was first a diamond in the rough. A gentleman is gentle. A gentleman is modest. A gentleman is courteous. A gentleman is generous. A gentleman is slow to take offence, as being one that never gives it. A gentleman is slow to surmise evil, as being one that never thinks it. A gentleman goes armed, only in consciousness of right. A gentleman subjects his appetites. A gentleman refines his taste. A gentleman subdues his feelings. A gentleman controls his speech. A gentleman deems every other better than himself. Sir Philip

Sidney was never so much a gentleman-mirror though he was of England's knighthood-as when, upon the field of Zutphen, as he lay in his own blood, he waived the draft of cool spring water, that was brought to quench his mortal thirst, in favor of a dying soldier. Saint Paul described a gentleman when he exhorted the Philippian Christian, "Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things." And Dr. Isaac Barrow, in his admirable sermon on the calling of a gentleman, pointedly says, "He should labor and study to be a leader unto virtue and a notable promoter thereof; directing and exciting men thereto, by his exemplary conversation; encouraging them by his countenance and authority; rewarding the goodness of meaner people by his bounty and favor; he should be such a gentleman as Noah, who preached righteousness, by his words and works, before a profane world."

[From the Mercantile Times.]

THE FIELD OF REVOLUTION-HISTORICAL AND

GEOGRAPHICAL.

In these stirring times of revolution, present and prospective, all over Europe, it behooves every one to keep up his geographical knowledge of the great field of action and commotion, and be able to say how things were before the hurricane of 1848 swept it, and who were the nominal rulers before the people took it into their heads to displace them.

FRANCE and her late king, Louis Philippe, were more familiarly known here than any other country and ruler, except England. Like England, it was a limited, constitutional monarchy. The revolution of 1830, which dethroned Charles X. and elevated Louis Philippe, was a virtual compromise between the monarchical and republican theories; and though a king, yet Louis Philippe was a citizen king-the king, not of France, but of the French, whose government, it was expected, would be the leading representative of liberal ideas in Europe. A trial of eighteen years disappointed France and the friends of France and freedom everywhere. The result is now historical. Louis Philippe is a refugee, flung from the warm bosom of a great and generous nation, to shelter himself where he may; and the dynasty which he destroyed himself to build, is extinct. France is a Republic. Her population is now 34,194,875-her territory, 202,135 square miles.

PRUSSIA, which now fills a large space in the political world, and which, from an insignificant state, has risen within the last century to be one of the five great powers of Europe, is governed by Frederic William IV., born in 1795, during the storm of the first French revolution, and ascended the throne in 1840, at the age of fortyfive. He is, therefore, fifty-three at the present time. The government has been heretofore an absolute monarchy, over a population of 14,330,000, and a territory of 106,301 square miles. The people have for years been cajoled with promises of a constitution, which, however, have yielded nothing till since the fall of Louis Philippe. On the 18th of March, after bloody conflicts between the people and the king's troops, the cause of freedom triumphed, extorting from the monarch such pledges as satisfied them at the time, and which, if fulfilled, will probably save the throne a little longer.

AUSTRIA is the second of the five great powers, with a population of 35,000,000, composed of heterogeneous materials, of different races, different religions and different languages. The present monarch, Ferdinand, commenced his reign in 1835, at the age of forty-two-now fifty-five, and imbecile in character. The real monarch, since the peace of 1815, has been Prince Metternich, the arch representative of despotic ideas. But his days are numbered. The storm has swept him from the council-board of European politics, and his sovereign has been compelled to submit to the demands of the people.

BAVARIA, with a population of four millions and a half, under the rule of Louis, the admirer of Lola Montes, has heretofore been a limited monarchy in form, having its two legislative chambers, like France. Louis is now well advanced in life, say sixty-two or sixtythree, and has disgusted his people and all Europe with his liaison with the dancing girl above named. The last news mentioned that he had abdicated in favor of his son.

BELGIUM, the great battle-ground of Europe, has about the same population as Bavaria, though less than half its territorial dimensions. Leopold I., an amiable man, is king, with two chambers. It has promptly recognized the new government in France.

The ITALIAN STATES are all, more or less, disturbed by the spirit of revolution, and would seem to be tending decidedly to republicanism, notwithstanding the concessions in most cases reluctantly yielded by their sovereigns. Sardinia, population 4,100,000, has obtained what it demanded of Charles Albert, whose sincerity, however, is doubted. This has been an absolute monarchy till now. So was Tuscany, under the Grand Duke Leopold II. Population. a million and a half. Naples, or the Two Sicilies, with nearly eight millions of people, Ferdinand II., king; and the LombardoVenetian kingdom, with four millions and a half, under Austrian.

control, are all raging at fever-heat for reform; while the Pope, in the States of the Church, seems as yet not afraid to go forward in the path he has chosen as a liberal ruler.

The inferior States and Duchies in Italy and the smaller principalities, landgravines, electorates, &c., in Germany, must all be affected, in greater or less degree, by the movement of the heavier and more important governments.

RUSSIA, the great bear of the north, is as yet an unexcited spectator of these magical transformations; yet even Russia will have to engage in the strife when the voice of violated and unappeased Poland rises high and clear above the general jar, demanding a kingdom and a name.

A PARABLE FOR THE LADIES.

Naomi, the young and lovely daughter of Salathiel and Judith, was troubled in spirit because, at the approaching feast of trumpets, she would be compelled to appear in her plain, undyed stole; while some of her young acquaintances would appear in blue and purple and fine linen of the land of Egypt. Her mother saw the gloom that appeared on the face of the lovely girl, and taking her apart, related to her this parable.

A dove thus made her complaint to the guardian spirit of the feathered tribe:

"King genius, why is it that the hoarse voiced strutting peacock spreads its gaudy train to the sun, dazzling the eyes of every beholder with richly burnished neck and royal crown, to the astonishment of every passer-by, whilst I, in my plain plumage, am overlooked and forgotten by all? Thy ways, kind genius, seem not to be equal towards those under thy care and protection."

The genius listened to her complaint, and thus replied:

"I will grant thee a train similar in richness to that of the gaudy bird thou seemest to envy, and shall demand of thee one condition in return."

"What is that?" eagerly inquired the dove, overjoyed at the prospect of possessing what seemed to promise so much happiness.

"It is," said the genius, "that thou dost consent to surrender all those qualities of meekness, tenderness, constancy and love, for which thy family have been distinguished in all times."

"Let me consider," said the dove. "No; I cannot consent to such an exchange. No, not for all the gaudy plumage, the showy train of that vain bird, can I surrender those qualities of which thou speakest, the distinguished features of my family from time immemorial. I must decline, good genius, the condition thou dost propose."