that the last seven verfes, being a repetition of the former, mood and tenfe only of the verb changed, is an imitation of Homer and Virgil, and fhews an affurance in the poet, that what was once well faid will bear repeating; and has the true air both of fimpli city and grandeur.' Take the following inftance from Virgil, G. IV. 537. Sed modus orandi qui fit, prius ordine dicam: [ROS, POST UBI NONA SUOS AURORA oftenderit ORTUS, V. [ROS Give falves to every fore, but councel to the mind.] fee note on B. i. Č. 7. St. 40. Heavens i. e. the gods who dwell in the heavens ; fo that we have different words, without different ideas: It might have been thus, Whom geds doe hate, and men abhor to fee. as in B. v. C. 12. St. 37. A dreadful fiend of gods and men ydrad. He adds, That ea'n the bellifh fiends affrighted bee. fo Virgil, Odit et ipfe pater Pluto, odere forores. But in the laft verfe of St. ix. he fays, Begot of foul Echidna, as in bookes is taught, what bookes are these? not the bookes of Hefiod concerning the generation of gods and monsters; for he departs in many circumftances from Hefiod, and has a mythology of his own; or rather a mythology, which the Mufe taught him, from thofe facred and fecret volumes mentioned already in a note on B. iii. C. 2. St. 18. XI. There did Typhaon with her company ; There did Typhaon Company with Echidna; this is exprefied according to the Greek συνελθεῖν, συνεῖναι. These two monfters with their monstrous brood, are mentioned by Hyginus in his Preface and in Fab. 151. See what I have cited from Hefiod concerning this Echidna, from which Spenfer imaged his monster Errour, in the notes on B. I. C. 1. St. 13. See likewise above, the notes on B. vi. C. 1. St. 7. He adds, Cruell Typhaon, whofe tempeftuous rage Makes th heavens tremble oft, and him with vows aff-wage. Concerning this cruell Typhaon, or Typhon, confult -moft and leaf.] See moft in the Gloffary. For when the caufe-removed is-] According to the actiom in the Schools, fublatâ caufâ tellitur effectus. XVI. The Squire, for that he cautious was indeed.] ra Whom gods doe hate, and heaven's abhor to fee; ther, in deed.. XVII. A wrongfull quarrell to maintaine.---] Romances are made up of fuch kind of exploits; founded on false notions of love, gallantry, and mockhonour; and in a word no better than downright madness or Quixotifm. 'Tis ground fufficient for a quarrel, if you love, or do not love a knight's miftrefs: Another knight defends a pafs, and swears no one shall pass that way without trial of his manhood: A third wants a fword or helmet, and fwears he will wear none till he gets one in combat. Such are the hiftories of the Paladins, the Palmerins, the Knights of the round table,and the Don Quixots. Ibid. from carrying the meflages and orders of Love And fib to great Orgolio-] Take notice of a great beauty which Spenfer uses here and in several other places, viz. the figure of fufpenfe. For three or four Stanzas together you have a giant described before you know his name: by this poetical apparatus your ideas are raised, and the Libe to the evening starre---] See note on B. i. person is introduced with greater folemnity. This C. 12. St. 21. XXVI. giant was defcended from those who warraid againft heaven; and was related to that furquedrous giant Orgolio, mentioned in B. i. C. 7. St. 14. who took prifoner St. George the knight of Una; and was afterwards flain by Prince Arthur, B. i. C. 8. St. 24. XLII. Like two great beacons-] Compare with B. i. Ibid. But as he lay upon the humbled gras.] So the quarto and Folios 1609, 1611, 1617, 1679. In Hughes 'tis printed humble, which flike better. The adjective is properly to be joined to He, viz. He humbled. But poetry loves to invert the natural order of words. See the note on B. iv. C. 8. St. 16. and on the Introduct. to B. ii. St. 3. p. 429. XXVII. But turne we now back to that ladie free.] But t every ftep upon his tiptoes hie.] Βρενθυόμενος ἐν ταῖς turn we now ---. --Mai torniams, as Boiardo and Ariofto fay, when they refume a story juftodo, as Ariftophanes faid, ridiculing the gate mentioned before. The fame expreffion frequently occurs in the hiftory of Prince Arthur. This tale is begun, and left above, C. vi. St. 16. -Free is a perpetual epithet of this lady: fee below, St. 30. She was born free. St. 31. The lady of her liberty. XXXIII. It fortun'd then that when the roules were red, In which the names of all Loves folke were fyled.] It happened that when the records or rolls were red, in which the names of the lovers were kept and filed up. In Hughes's edit. 'tis printed, were fill' d---We read. prefently after that Cupid bad his eyes to be unblindfold: he is blind or not, as occafion ferves, fee B. iii. C. 12. St. 23. and now as he keeps his court on St. Valentine's day, 'tis requifite he should reconnoitre his fervants. Chaucer has a poem intitled The Court of Love; (See Urrys edit. pag. 560.) And this poem perhaps gave Spenfer the hint of Cupid's court on St. Valentine's day. In Chaucer's Court of Love, there are many fhadowed perfons, and poetical beings, introduced; as here Infamy and Defpight, and a bayl.ff-errant named Portamoure; fo named And talking fately like a crane did ftryde At e Socrates.-But the image here is very picturefque, and the repetition of the letters add not a little to the picture. And STALKING STately like a crane did stryde. We have a ludicrous common faying, viz, He Et sola in sicca secum spatiatur Arena. In Virgil you perceive the fame affected iteration of letters, as in Spenfer: and a reader of Virgil and Spenfer must be very unattentive not to obferve a thousand inftances of like nature. Nam dum per litora lentis XLIII. But in a jacket, quilted richly rare Met. ii. 572. Upan Upon checklaton, be was firangely dight.] Perhaps from Ch. in the rhyme of Sir Thopas, ver. 3241. His robe was of Chekelatoun. i. e. of a motley or checkered work. • The quilted leather Jack is old English for it was 'the proper weed of the horsemen, as you may read in Chaucer, where he defcribeth Sir Thopas's apparel and armour, as he went to fight against the giant in this robe of Shecklaton, which is that kind of gilded leather with which they ufe to imbroider their Irish jackets.' Spenfer's view of Ireland. He wore likewise on his head a kind of turban like to the Blackmores on the Malaber coaft; with which his hair was bound about and voyded from before, i. e. and kept from falling about his eyes. XLVI. Rather then once his burden to fuftaine] i. e. his club: fo his favorite poet in defcribing the giant Daungir, Rom. R. 3401. And in his hand a grete bourdoun. G. Douglas tranflates Virg. x. 318. Sternentes agmina CLAVA, That with his burdon all the routis dang.' Ital. bordone, Gall. bourdon. XLVII. Like as a mafliffe having at a bay A falvage bull—] A falvage bull, is from the Italian poet; toro falvatico. Ibid. And oftentimes by Turmagant and Mahound swore.] The oath of Sarazins and infidels in romance writers. See note on B. ii. C. 8. St. 30. in pag. 475. XLIX. Words fharply wound, but greatest griefe of fcorning grows.] See note on B. iv. C. 4. St. 4. L. Till Mirabellaes fortune I do further SAY.] Till I do further fay or fpeak of the fortune, &c. or thus. Till I do 'fay, affay, attempt to treat of, the fortune, &c.' CA IV. NT O VIII. XIV. That was that courteous knight—] B. vi. C. 7. At last the caytive after long difcourfe.] fhifting, St. 12. running to and fro. Ital. difcorfo, Lat difcurfus. But all that leg XVI. BUT fell to ground-] Perhaps, He fell to ground. For that umwares ye weetleffe doe intend.] I have XVII. altered it from the Folio, 1609. From that &c. The reading in the old quarto feems owing to what follows FOR more &c. Here in this bottle, fayd the fory mayd, I put the tears of my contrition.] Pfal. Ivi. 8. Thou telleft my flittings, Put my tears into thy bottle. And with his club him all about fo blift.] From Spenfer feems to allude to the lachrymatory the French, bleffer, to hurt or wound. bottles; the Italians call them lacrimarii. XXV. XXXVIII. So all the books read; which I have purpofely Tho whenas all things readie were ARIGHT.] confulted to find the reading I look'd for; a For fleep, they fayd, would make her battil better.] reading much more after Spenser's manner of See Battill in the Gloffary. expreffing himself, Ibid. Unto their god they would her facrifize, Ante Larem proprium vefcor, vernafque procaces i. e. giving my houfhold gods THEIR SHARE. As Of few green turfes an altar foone they fayned. Erexit fubitas congefti cefpitis aras. So Milton, of the altar which Abel erected, xi. 432, I'th' midft an altar flood, Leucippe is afterwards wonderfully preferved, XL. Tho whenas all things ready were BEDIGHT. Then to the reft his wrathful HAND he bends] Juft above you have, And even as his right HAND adowne defcends, i. e. the priest's hand, who was going to facriAs if they would have rent the brazen fkies.] fice Serena: and this word feems to have caught See note on B. iv. C. 8. St. 38. Hid. the printer's eye, and to have occafioned him to give us his wrathful HAND in the verse now -then out aloud fhe cries.] See out in the Glof- before us, whereas variety and propriety rather fary and the note above, St. 29. claim another reading, viz. Then |