the articles permitted to be imported and exported-but other foreign vessels enjoyed the same privilege with ours. Between the United States and the British West Indies, our vessels could carry nothing except salt from Turk's Island.

The arrêt of the 29th of December, 1787, gave the citizens of the United States like privileges with French subjects in the Asiatic dominions of France. It is also understood that our citizens enjoyed useless privileges in the Asiatic dominions of Great Britain.

No notice is taken of the trade of exports from France and Great Britain to the United States, because the policy of each country was in that respect nearly similar and unexceptionable. The exceptions made from time to time by the French Colonial Government are not taken notice of because they were exceptions from the general system of the mother country, founded on the necessity of particular emergencies. The true complexion of a system is to be determined by the general permanent rules which govern it-not by special exceptions from fortuitous circumstances and cases of necessity.

The special authorities upon which the foregoing table has been formed are, with regard to France, the arrêt of the 29th of December, 1787. With regard to the French West Indies, the letters patent of October, 1727, and the arrêts of the 30th of August, 1784-18th and 25th of September, 1785. With regard to Great Britain, the proclamation of the 26th of December, 1783, yearly continued, explained by sundry statutes. With regard to the British West Indies, the act of parliament of the 28th of George III., chap. vi.

ACT TO PUNISH CERTAIN CRIMES.

June 5th, 1794.

AN ACT IN ADDITION TO THE "ACT FOR THE PUNISHMENT OF CERTAIN CRIMES AGAINST THE UNITED STATES."

1. Be it enacted, &c., That if any citizen of the United States shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the same, accept and exercise a commission to serve a foreign prince or state in war, by land or sea, the person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars, and shall be imprisoned not exceeding three years.

2. That if any person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, enlist or enter himself, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States with intent to be enlisted or entered, in the service of any foreign prince or state, as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman, on board of any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer; every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars, and be imprisoned not exceeding three years.

Provided, That this shall not be construed to extend to any subject or citizen of a foreign prince or state, who shall transiently be within the United States, and shall, on board of any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer, which, at the time of its arrival within the United States, was fitted and equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, or hire or retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign prince or state, who is transiently within the United States, to enlist or enter himself to serve such prince or state, on board such vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer, if the United States shall then be at peace with such prince or state.

And provided further, That if any person so enlisted shall, within thirty days after such enlistment, voluntarily discover, upon oath, to some justice of the peace or other civil magistrate, the person or persons by whom he was so enlisted, so as that he or they may be apprehended and convicted of the said offence; such person so discovering the offender or offenders shall be indemnified from the penalty prescribed by this act.

3. That if any person shall, within any of the ports, harbors, bays, rivers, or other waters of the United States, fit out and arm, or attempt to fit out and arm, or procure to be fitted out and armed, or shall, knowingly, be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out, or arming of any ship or vessel, with intent that such ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of any foreign prince or state, to cruise or commit hostilities upon the subjects, citizens, or property of another foreign prince or state with whom the United States are at peace, or shall issue or deliver a

commission, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, for any ship or vessel, to the intent that she may be employed as aforesaid; every such person so offending shall, upon conviction, be adjudged guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined and imprisoned at the discretion of the court in which the conviction shall be had, so as the fine to be imposed shall in no case be more than five thousand dollars, and the term of imprisonment shall not exceed three years; and every such ship or vessel, with her tackle, apparel, and furniture, together with all materials, arms, ammunition, and stores, which may have been procured for the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited one half to the use of any person who shall give information of the offence, and the other half to the use of the United States.

4. That if any person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, increase or augment, or procure to be increased or augmented, or shall be knowingly concerned in in-creasing or augmenting the force of any ship of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel, which, at the time of her arrival within the United States, was a ship of war, cruiser, or armed vessel, in the service of a foreign prince or state, or belonging to the subjects. or citizens of such prince or state, the same being at war with another foreign prince or state with whom the United States are at peace, by adding to the number or size of the guns of such vessel prepared for use, or by the addition thereto of any equip-ment solely applicable to war; every such person so offending shall, upon conviction, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined and imprisoned at the discretion of the court in which the conviction shall be had, so as that such fine shall not exceed one thousand dollars, nor the term of imprisonment be more than one year.

5. That if any person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, begin or set on foot, or provide or prepare the means for, any military expedition or enterprise, to be carried on from thence against the territory or dominions of any foreign prince or state with whom the United States are at peace; every such person so offending shall, upon conviction,,

be adjudged guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall suffer fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court in which the conviction shall be had, so as that such fine shall not exceed three thousand dollars, nor the term of imprisonment be more than three years.

6. That the district courts shall take cognizance of complaints, by whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made within the waters of the United States, or within a marine league of the coasts or shores thereof.

7. That in every case in which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed, or attempted so to be fitted out or armed, or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel, shall be increased or augmented, or in which any military expedition or enterprise shall be begun or set on foot, contrary to the prohibitions and provisions of this act; and in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as above defined, and in every case in which any process issuing out of any court of the United States, shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or persons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel, of any foreign prince or state, or of the subjects or citizens of such prince or state, in every such case it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have empowered for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall be judged necessary for the purpose of taking possession of, and detaining any such ship or vessel, with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to the execution of the prohibitions and penalties of this act, and to the restoring such prize or prizes, in the cases in which the restoration shall have been adjudged, and also for the purpose of preventing the carrying on of any such expedition or enterprise, from the territories of the United States, against the territories or dominions of a foreign prince or state, with whom the United States are at peaec

8. That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have empowered for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the

United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to depart the United States, in all cases in which, by the laws of nations, or the treaties of the United States, they ought not to remain within the United States.

9. That nothing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent the prosecution or punishment of treason, or any piracy, defined by a treaty, or other law of the United States.

10. That this act shall continue and be in force, for and during the term of two years, and from thence to the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.

Approved, June 5th, 1794.

CARRIAGE TAX.

June 5, 1794.

AN ACT LAYING DUTIES UPON CARRIAGES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PERSONS.

1. Be it enacted, &c., That there shall be levied, collected, and paid, upon all carriages for the conveyance of persons which shall be kept by, or for, any person, for his or her own use, or to be let out to hire, or for the conveying of passengers, the several duties and rates following, to wit: For and upon every coach, the yearly sum of ten dollars; for and upon every chariot, the yearly sum of eight dollars; for and upon every phaeton and coachee, six dollars; for and upon every other four-wheel, and every two-wheel, top carriage, two dollars; and upon every other two-wheel carriage, one dollar. Provided always, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to charge with a duty, any carriage usually and chiefly employed in husbandry, or for the transporting or carrying of goods, wares, merchandise, produce, or commodities.

2. That the duties aforesaid shall be levied, collected, re