Bestow Your needful counsel to onr businesses, Which crave the instant use. The sweet thoughts do even refresh my Most busiless when I do it. Shakspeare. labour, Id. After seventy years (as the Psalmist says), all is trouble and sorrow; and common experience confirms the truth of it in weak and old persons, especially in such as have lived in action all their lives, had great employments, much business, much command, and many servants to oversee and leave off ex abrupto; as Charles the Fifth did, to king Philip, resign up all on a sudden. Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. Busybodies and intermeddlers are a dangerous sort L'Estrange. of people to have to do withal. Affected despatch is one of the most dangerous Bacon. things to business that can be. The coming spring would first appear, If busy fect would let them grow. Waller. The grand business of our Saviour, and his apostles after him, was to teach, and that chiefly in order to South's Sermons. persuade. At two afternoon for our Psyche inquire, Her tea-kettle's on, and her smock at the fire; So loitering, so active, so busy, so idle, Which hath she most need of, a spur or a bridle? Swift, She is well acquainted with all the favourite servants, busybodies, dependants, and poor relations, of all persons of condition in the whole town. Rumours strange, Spectator. And of unholy nature, are abroad, And busy with thy name. Byron's Manfred. BUT. Per. budur; Sax. bute; Swed. but, utan, butan; Bel. buitan, from Goth. ut, be ut, or be out. We shall insert all the various shades of application in which it is used, in the order preserved by Dr. Johnson. Each definition, and its appropriate illustration, will thus stand separate. Except. An emission of immateriate virtues we are little doubtful to propound, it is so prodigious: but that it is so constantly avouched by many. Bacon. Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon? Who can inspire such storms of rage, but Lycon ? Where has my sword left one so black, but Lycon ? Smith. Except that; unless; had it not been that: See in this sense we now write but that. sense 11. no difference made in this world; therefore there Only; nothing more than. :: Shakspeare. Pope. If my offence be of such mortal kind, trace. Not more than; even. Shakspeare. A genius so elevated and unconfined as Mr. Cowley's, was but necessary to make Pindar speak English. Dryden. It is evident, in the instance I gave but now, the Locke. consciousness went along. By any other means than. Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus to mutiny whose qualifications shall come into no true taste again, but by transplanting of Cassio. Shakspeare. If it were not for this; that; if it were not that. Obsolete. I here do give thee that with all my heart, Which, but thou hast already, with all my heart Shakspeare. I would keep from thee. However; howbeit; a word of indeterminate connexion. I do not doubt but I have been to blame; But, to pursue the end for which I came, Unite your subjects first, then let us go And pour their common rage upon the foe. Dryden. It is used after no doubt, no question, and such It Which waits upon worn times, hath something seized words, and signifies the same with that. Yet; nevertheless. It sometimes only enforces yet. Then let him speak, and any that shall stand without shall hear his voice plainly; but yet made extreme sharp and exile, like the voice of puppets : and yet the articulate sounds of the words will not be confounded. Bacon. Our wants are many, and grievous to be borne, but quite of another kind. Swift. The particle which introduces the minor of a syllogism; now. God will one time or another make a difference beBut there is little or tween the good and the evil. Bur', n. s. Fr. bout, a boundary. But, if I ask you what I mean by that word, you will answer, I mean this or that thing, you cannot tell which; but if I join it with the words in construction and sense, as, but I will not, a but of wine, but and boundary, the ram will but, shoot at but, the meaning of it will be as ready to you as any other Holder. Bur', n. s. In sea language, the end of any plank which joins to another on the outside of a ship, under water. word. BUT.' Thick, round, large. Goth. butt; Teut. butt; Swed. butt; Bel. bot. It seems to mean be out, extending; and was applied to denote several kinds of flat fish; Bel. bot, a flounder. BUT-END, n. s. From but and end; the blunt end of any thing; the end upon which it rests. The reserve of foot galled their foot with several vollies, and then fell on them with the but-ends of their muskets. Clarendon. Some of the soldiers accordingly pushed them forwards, with the but-ends of their pikes, into my reach. Swift. BUTCHER, v. & n. Barb. Lat, bucador, from Lat. boves cadere, was an ox killer; Fr. boucher; but Ital. beccaro seems to be from becco, a goat, the flesh of which was probably most common in ancient times. A butcher now is one who kills animals to sell; the verb, and sometimes the noun, is used in a far greater latitude of application. A butcher is one that is delighted with blood to butcher is to kill, to murder; the adjective expresses bloody, gross, clumsily, barbarous, brutal, cruel, savage. The lamb thinks not the butcher's knife Earl of Surrey. Uncharitably with me have you dealt, Id. Id. Hence he learnt the butcher's guile. How to cut your throat and smile; Swift. Like a butcher, doomed for life In his mouth to wear his knife. Yet this man, so ignorant in modern butchery, has cut up half an hundred heroes, and quartered five or six miserable lovers, in every tragedy he has written. Pope. His eyes Were with his heart, and that was far away; All this rushed with his blood. Byron's Childe Harold. BUTCHERS, in antiquity. Among the ancient Romans there were three kinds of established butchers, whose office it was to furnish the city with the necessary cattle, and to take care of preparing and vending their flesh. The suarii provided hogs; the pecuarii, or boarii, other cattle, especially oxen; and under these was a subordinate class, whose office was to kill, called lanii and carnifices. Two classes of butchers are recognised in London; carcase butchers, who slaughter animals in great numbers, and dispose of them to the retail butchers, who are dispersed in different places for the supply of their cus tomers. To exercise the office of butcher among the Jews with dexterity is difficult. So particular are they in this, that the stricter Jews will buy meat of none of the London butchers, unless he have a licence from the rabbis, and keep a Jew slaughterer. This person performs his work in a peculiar manner: he never knocks down a bullock, as is the usual custom, but invariably cuts the throat of every animal, the sheep or ox being placed on its back, with the legs tied and cut, and if by any accident this should fail to kill the animal, or he should break or notch his knife in the attempt, he would pronounce the animal unfit for the food of his people. He is also the should they be found in the least degree injured, first to examine the intestines and lungs, and or diseased, he would refuse the animal. Should he be sound, and the stroke succeed, as is generally the case, he proceeds to mark the bones of each separate joint with Hebrew characters, which are to the Jews the sign that the meat is clean and fit for food, and also convey the date when it was killed. the head held back. He never makes but one Butchers not selling meat at reasonable prices shall forfeit double the value, leviable by two justices of the peace. No butcher shall kill any flesh in his scalding-house, or within the walls of London, on pain to forfeit for every ox so killed 12d. and for every other beast 8d. to be divided between the king and the prosecutor. The Butcher's Company, though very ancient, was not incorporated till the reign of James I. Their arms are, azure, two axes saltierwise, argent, between three bulls' heads couped, attired, or ; a boar's head, gules, betwixt two garbs, vert. BUTCHER-BIRD. See LANIUS. BUTE, an island lying to the west of Scotland, being separated from Cowal, in Argyleshire, only by a narrow channel. It it about sixteen miles in length; the broadest part from east to west is about five miles. Part of it is rocky and barren; but, from the middle southwards, the ground is cultivated, and produces peas, oats, and barley. Here is a quarry of red stone, which the natives have used in building a fort and chapel in the neighbourhood of Rothsay, which is a very ancient royal borough, head town of the shire of Bute and Arran; but very thinly peopled, and maintained chiefly by the herring fishery. On the north side of Rothsay are the ruins of an ancient castle, formerly belonging to the kings of Scotland. It has likewise the remains of some Danish towers. The natives are healthy and industrious, speak the Erse and the dialect of the Lowlands indifferently, and profess the Protestant religion. The island is divided into two parishes, Rothsay and Kingcastle, accommodated with four churches. It was from very early times part of the patrimony of the Stuarts: large possessions in it were granted to Sir John Stuart son of Robert II. by his beloved mistress Elizabeth More; and it has continued in that line to the present time. Bute gives title of marquis to a branch of the family of Stuart, and Rothsay that of duke to the heir apparent of the British throne. Mount-Stuart, a seat of lord Bute, and from which he takes his second title, is an elegant house, having a fine view of the Frith of Clyde. Rothsay has of late become a fashionable watering-place. BUTE, a shire of Scotland, comprehending the island, with those of Arran, the two Cumbrays, and Inchmarnock. This county and that of Caithness send a member to parliament alternately. The earl of Bute is admiral of the county, by commission from his majesty; and no way dependent on the lord high admiral of Scotland; so that if any maritime case occurs within his jurisdiction (even crimes of as high a nature as murder, or piracy,) he is judge, by virtue of his powers as admiral, or he may delegate his authority to any deputies. BUTE (John), earl of. See STEWART. BUTEA, in botany, a genus of plants of the class diadelphia, order decandria: essential characters, CAL. sub-bilabiate: coR. standard conlanceolate; legume compressed, with one seed at the summit. There are two species, viz. B. frondosa, an evergreen tree, growing on the coast of Malabar to the height of fifteen feet. From this tree, according to Jussieu, the gum lac is procured. See GUM LAC. An infusion of the flowers dye cotton cloth, previously impregnated with alum, of a bright yellow. 2 B. superha, a native of the coast of Coromandel. BUTEO, in ornithology, a species of falco, the common buzzard of Latham. The cere and legs of this bird are yellow; the body brown, and the belly pale, with brown spots. This specic is rather larger than a kite in the body. BUTEONIS, in zoology, a species of echinorhynchus, color clear white; the vesicles of the tail bluish and lentiform. Also a species of ascaris, and another of cucullanus. These three are found in the intestines of the common buzzard. BUTHYSIA, ẞevoia, in antiquity, a sacrifice of the greatest kind; such were the hecatombs. See SACRIFICE and HECATOMB. The Greeks frequently prefixed the particle ẞs to words, to denote things of extraordinary magnitude, as alluding to the bigness of oxen. BUTLER, n. BUT'LERAGE, n. BUT'LERSHIP, BUT'LERY, BUT'LERESS. Teut. beuteler, from beuten; Swed. byla, to buy: beutel, a purse, signified a purser. Its general application is a house steward, but Fr. bouteiller, is one who has the charge of the bottles or cellar. These ordinary finances are casual or uncertain, as be the escheats, the customs, butlerage, and impost. Bacon. Butlers forget to bring up their beer time enough. Swift. It seems my entertainer was all this while only the butler, who, in his master's absence, had a mind to cut a figure, and to be for a while the gentleman himself, and to say the truth, he talked politics as well as most country gentlemen do. Goldsmith. The Vicar of Wakefield, ch. xix. Prizage, by charter of Edward I. was exchanged into a duty of 2s. for every ton imported by merchant strangers, and called butlerage, because paid to the king's butler. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. viii. BUTLER (Charles), was master of the grammar school at Basingstoke, and a native of Wycombe, in Bucks, and M. A. of Magdalen College, Oxford, presented in 1600 to the vicarage of Lawrence Wotton, in Hampshire, where he died in 1647. His works are-1. The Feminine Monarchy, or a Treatise on Bees, 1609, 8vo. ; 1623, 8vo.; and 4to. 1634 (quoted by Dr. Johnson in his Dictionary). 2. Rhetorica, lib. duo, 1618. 3. De Propinquitate Matrimonium impediente regula generalis, 4to. 4. Oratoriæ, lib. duo, 4to. 5. English Grammar, 4to. 6. The Principles of Music, 4to. The last work is highly praised by Dr. Burney. BUTLER (Joseph), bishop of Durham, a prelate distinguished by his piety and learning, was the youngest son of Mr. Thomas Butler, a reputable shopkeeper at Wantage, in Berkshire, where he was born in 1692. His father, who was a presbyterian, observing that he had a strong inclination to learning, sent him to an academy in Gloucestershire, to qualify him for a dissenting minister; and while there he wrote some remarks on Dr. Clarke's first sermon at Boyle's lecture. Afterwards, resolving to conform to the established church, he studied at Oriel College, where he contracted an intimate friendship with Mr. Edward Talbot, brother to the chancellor, which laid the foundation of his subsequent advancement. He was first appointed preacher at the Rolls, and rector of Haughton and Stanhope, two rich benefices in the bishopric of Durham. He quitted the Rolls in 1726; and published in 8vo. a volume of sermons, preached at that chapel. After this he constantly resided at Stanhope, in the regular discharge of the duties of his office, till 1733, when he was called to attend lord chancellor Talbot as his chaplain, who gave him a prebend in the church of Rochester. In 1736 he was appointed clerk of the closet to queen Caroline, whom he attended every day, from seven to nine in the evening. In 1738 he was appointed bishop of Bristol; and not long afterwards dean of St. Paul's. He now resigned his living of Stanhope. In 1746 he was made clerk of the closet to the king; and in 1750 was translated to Durham. This rich preferment he enjoyed but a short time; for he died at Bath, June 16th, 1752, and was interred in the cathedral of Bristol, where there is a monument to his memory. He died a bachelor. His deep learning and comprehensive mind appear sufficiently in his writings; particularly in his noble work, The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature, first published in 8vo, 1736. BUTLER (Samuel), a celebrated poet of the seventeenth century, was the son of a reputable Worcestershire farmer, and born in 1612. He passed some time at Cambridge, but was never matriculated. Returning to his native country, he lived some years as a clerk to a justice of peace; devoting his leisure to the fine arts. Being recommended to Elizabeth countess of Kent, he enjoyed in her house, not only the use of all kinds of books, but the conversation of the great Mr. Selden, who often employed Butler to write letters, and translate for him. He also lived some time with Sir Samuel Luke, a gentleman of an ancient family in Bedfordshire, and a commander under Cromwell. Here he is supposed to have planned his celebrated Hudibras; and under that character to have ridiculed the old knight. Thus, Hudibras in the first canto says "Tis sung, there is a valiant mamaluke To whom we oft have been compared After the Restoration, Mr. Butler was made secre- BUTLER (James), duke of Ormond, a celebrated statesman in the reigns of Charles 1. and II., was the son of Thomas Butler, of London, and born at Newcastle-house, in Clerkenwell, in 1610. He succeeded to the earldom of Ormond on the death of his grandfather, Walter Butler, in 1632. In 1641, at the breaking out of the Irish rebellion, he was appointed lieutenantgeneral of an army of 3,000 men, and succeeded in arresting the progress of the insurgents, a ser In vice for which he was created a marquis 6 BUTLER (Thomas), earl of Ossory, son of the above, was born in Kilkenny in 1634. He behaved nobly in the rebellion, and in 1666 was summoned to the house of peers by the title of lord Butler, of Moore Park. He bore a gallant part in the great engagement with the Dutch fleet, and in 1673 was made full admiral. In 1677 he commanded the English troops in the service of the prince of Orange, at the battle of Mons, and died in 1680, when his father said, that he would not exchange his dead son for any living son in Christendom.' BUTLER was the name anciently given to an officer in the court of France, similar to that of the ci-devant grand echanson, or great cupbearer; which was abolished with the other appendages of royalty. BUTLERS, buticulari, among the Normans, denote wine-tasters, appointed to examine liquors, and see that they be right and legal. BUTLERAGE is a duty of 2s. for every ton of wine imported by merchants strangers; being a composition in lieu of the liberties and freedoms granted to them by king John and Edward I., by a charter called charta mercatoria. Butlerage was originally the only custom that was payable upon the importation of wines, and was taken by virtue of the regal prerogative for the proper use of the crown. But for many years past, parliament having granted subsidies to the kings of England, and the duty of butlerage not repealed, but confirmed, they have granted it away to some nobleman, who, by virtue of such grant, is to enjoy the full benefit thereof, and may cause it to be collected in the same manner that the kings themselves were formerly wont to do. BUTMENTS of arches are the same with buttresses. They answer to what the Romans called sublicas; the French culees and butees BUTMENTS, or abutments, of a bridge, denote the two massives at the end of a bridge, whereby the two extreme arches are sustained and joined with the shore on either side. BUTOMUS, the flowering rush, or water gladiole; a genus of the hexagynia order, and enneandria class of plants; natural order fifth, tripetaloidea: CAL. none; petals six, and as many monospermous capsules. There is but one species, viz. B. umbellatus; of which there are two varieties, the one with a white, the other with a rose-colored, flower. BUTRINTO, a port town of Epirus, in Turkey in Europe, situated opposite to the island of Corfu, at the entrance of the gulph of Venice. Thirty miles south of Chimera. BUTT', v. & n. Teut, buitten, to push out; but Swed. bockta, is from Goth. bocka, to strike like a buck goat; thus it signifies to push, to thrust, to strike with the head. Thus the noun is from botta; Ital. and Fr. botte; which means a stroke or thrust in fencing. Thus likewise the nark for archers is now called a butt; and a person on whom others break their jests, or thrust the darts of their wit, is called a butt; so is likewise any object against which an attack is directed. Be not afraid though you do see me weaponed; Here is my journey's end, here is my butt, The very sea-mark of my journey's end. Shakspeare. The papists were the most common-place, and the butt against whom all the arrows were directed. Clarendon. ter is metaphorically used to express fiattery, on account of its softness and insinuating character. Butterfly is so called because of its buttery softness, says Junius; because of its comparative magnitude among the different species of winged insects, say I. Butter signifies large; thus butterfly is large fly. Johnson says it is so called because it first appears in the beginning of the season for butter. And he took butter and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set before them. Genesis xviii. 8. And so befell, that as he cast his eye Among the wortes on a botterflie, He was ware of this fox that lay full low. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Emongst these leaves she made a butterflie, With excellent device and wondrous slight, Fluttering among the olives wantonly, That seemed to live, so like it was in sight; The velvet nap which on his wings doth lie, The silken downe with which his backe is dight, His broad outstretched hornes, his hayrie thies, His glorious colours, and his glistering eies. A young man, fallen into an ulcerous consumption, devoted himself to buttermilk, by which sole diet he recovered. Id. A butterprint, in which were engraven figures of all sorts and sizes, applied to the lump of butter, left on it the figure. Locke. Gay. Id. Fables. Let weeds, instead of butterflowers, appear; Young's Night Thoughts. BUTTER, in chemistry, is a name given to several preparations, on account of their consistence resembling that of butter; as butter of antimony, &c. BUTTER.-Butter appears to have been long unknown to the ancient Greeks. Their poets make no mention of it, though they frequently speak of milk and cheese. The Romans used ЗА |