DEATHS. 128, and was made a Queen's Counsel and Bencher of the Inn in 1851. He was one of the Royal Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851, and took an active part in their proceedings. Jan. 18. While on a visit to the Marquess and Marchioness of Salisbury, at Hatfield House, Herts, the Dowager Lady Cowley. Lady Cowley was eldest dau. of James, first Marquess of Salisbury. Her ladyship married, in 1816, Henry Lord Cowley, whose marriage with Lady Charlotte Cadogan had the same year been dissolved by Act of Parliament. By her marriage with Lord Cowley, who died in April 1847, in Paris, the deceased lady leaves an only daughter, the wife of Sir Henry 1. Bulwer, our Ambassador at Constantinople. April 15. At Wigton, Cumberland, aged 5, Mrs. Helen Coulthart. Aug. 27. At Hampstead Marshall, Newbury, aged 78, the Right Hon. Louisa, Dowager Countess of Craven. The deceased was (with the exception of Lady Essex) the last of the coroneted ladies formerly connected with the public stage, on which she was one of the most popular favourites of the day, under her maiden name of Miss Louisa Brunton. Lady Craven was the dan. of a gentleman long connected with the theatre at Norwich. By the late Farl of Craven, to whom she was married in 1807, she had three sons and one dan, of whom the present Earl of Craven and his youngest brother are the only survivors. April 14. At Brockhampton Park, Gloucestershire, aged 7, Falwar Craven, exq, a deputy-heut. for the counties of Wilts and Berks, and a magis trate for the counties of Wilts, B rks, and Gloucester. Sept 14. At Boulogne, Major General Sir Michael Creagh, K.H. The deceased other had seen much active service in India, Africa, and the West Indies, His services comprise the expedition under Sir David Baird against the C-pe of Good Hope, where he was wounded in the action of the Blue Bourg, flat against the French Islands in 1810, during which he was desperately wounded in the shoulder at the attack of the batteries before St. Denis, I-le of Bourbon. In 1817 and 1818 he took part in the Mahratta and the Pin daree wars in India, and in the same year he was engaged in Ceylon Tue gallant General was repeatedly thanked for his services in General Orders, and in 1832 he was made a Knight Bachelor. In January last he obtained the Coloneley of the 73rd Regiment. Mar 31. In Cambridge-street, Hydepark, Harriet, widow of Capt Creighton, and dau. of the late Admiral Sir R. Onslow, bart. Aug. 26. At Woburn-place, Russellsquare, Elizabeth, widow of Richard Estcourt Cresswell, esq., of Pinkneypark, Wilts, and of Bibury Court, Gloucestershire, youngest dau. of the late Rev. C. Coxwell, of Ablington House, in the same county. Nor. 24. Suddenly, aged 80, the Rev. George Croly, LL.D., Rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook. This eminent preacher and man of letters was born in 1780, in Dublin, in which city his father was a physician. Being destined for the Church, he received his education at Trinity College, and took his degrees with distinetion. Having been ordained, he was appointed to an Irish curacy; but little prospect was offered of rising to higher station, and the performance of duties more comprehensive and better suited to a mind and frame equally capacious and energetic. Nearly fifty years ago, after the decease of his father, the family migrated to London, where Mr. Croly, disappointed with regard to Church preferment, turned his attention altogether to secular literary pursuits. He became connected with the newspaper and periodical press, and contributed admirable dramatic critici-ms to the New Timer In 1×17 two new publications, Blackwoods. Migazine and the Literary Gazette started, both of which (especially the latter) enjoyed a large share of his powerful and popular writings. In Blackwood, his "Colonna the Painter" created strong sensation, and was followed by a number of miscellaneous productions from which the anonyme has not yet been removed. With the Literary Gasette his correspondence was far more intimate and continuous Poetry, enticsms, essays of every de-emption from his pen, abound from the very first year, through many in succession, as that novel experiment on weekly issues dedicated to the fine arts, sciences, and literature, established itself in public estimation In 1-19 Mr. Croly married Margaret DEATHS. Helen Begbie, dau of a gentleman who held an office under the Board of Trade. A family of six children, five sons and a dan., were the fruit of this union. The eldest son was unfortunately killed in 1845, in one of the battles with the Sikhs. The expenses of married life and an increasing family drew closer his relations with the press, and his contributions, as editor, coadjutor, or voluntary ally, during the forty years that have since elapsed, would occupy a space to astonish even the most laborious of his literary contemporaries. The Standard, the Morning Herald, the Universal Review, and many other periodicals were the recipients of these valuable compositions; and yet he published a large amount of separate works, and for the last quarter of a century devoted himself with untiring energy to the diligent discharge of his clerical functions as Rector of St. Stephen's Walbrook, to which he was presented, through the interest of Lord Brougham, (who was distantly related to his wife through the Auckland family), in 1835. In 1847 Dr. Croly was appointed afternoon preacher at the Foundling Hospital, but soon relinquished the office in some disgust at the management of the institution. He was also involved in the violent disputes in his own parish, of which the public heard more than enough. In the pulpit the eloquence of Dr. Croly was of the highest order, and his just popularity attracted crowds from every part to his beautiful church, where his impressive discourses, his massive form, grave and inflexible countenance, and sonorous voice produced striking effects; and pathos and persuasion, when needed, hung upon his lips in the fine delivery of touching descriptions of Christian experiences and Gospel exhortation. His theological works belong to an important order. Interpretations of the Prophets and the Apocalypse applicable to the great concerns of mankind, and an earnest enforcement of religious truths, in uniou with the purest morality, mark every volume he has dedicated to these subjects. His contributions to the literature of the press have been referred to. In works of fiction also he shone with pre-eminent Justre. His picture of the Wandering Jew in "Salathiel" is one of the most striking efforts ever seen in that class of literature. Thus hastily noticed, it will appear that the lamented Rector of Walbrook, independently of his ministerial devotion.-gratefully acknowledged by his charge and admired by the world at large, and of his valuable works in Divinity, spent a long life in the anonymous inculcation of virtuous morals, the promotion of useful purposes, and the dissemination of improvement throughout the mass of the community, by means of an ever-ready and everefficient periodical press. And further, that he has earned a prominent place and lasting renown in the great distinct provinces of divinity, poetry, history, romance, and the drama Nullum tetegit quod non ornavit is a tribute richly deserved by the very extensive and miscellaneous creations of Dr. Croly; and his private life was worthy of his public position. In society his conversation was instructive and pleasant, and full of pertinent anecdote and general information. Dr. Croly was emphatically a good man. His piety grew with his age; and sincerity, fervour, and a constant and zealous exercise of every Christian virtue have shed a holier halo over his later (not declining) years-for blessed health and apparent firmness and strength were granted him to the last. Dr. Croly's death was awfully sudden. He had left his residence in Bloomsbury-square to take a short walk before dinner. When in Holborn, he suddenly fell down, and on being taken into a shop was found to be quite dead. According to his own desire, his remains were laid under the church where his best works have been performed. A marble bust bequeathed by him for that purpose will mark the spot to future pastors we hope not less eligible, and future congregations equally sincere in their following and attachment. Feb. 7. At Duffield Hall, near Derby, aged 75, John Bell Crompton, esq., several times mayor of Derby and high sheriff of the county. Oct. 3. At Bray, Ireland, Sir William E. Crosbie, bart., formerly of the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers. March 5. At Fairlea-villa, Bideford, at an advanced age, Lieut.-Col. Crowe, a Waterloo officer. Nov. 26. At his residence, East End House, Finchley, aged 81, Samuel Hen. Cullum, esq. Oct 12. On board the Seine, off St. DEATHS. Thomas, on his return to England, Lient-Colonel Cleland Cumberlege, H.B.M.'s Consul at Tampico, second son of Joseph Cumberlege, esq., of Bombay. The deceased had served ten years as Consul at Tampico, and died a victim to that unhealthy cli mate. Oct. 20. Aged 76, H. Curwen, esq., of Workington Hall, Cumberland, and Bell Isle, Windermere. April 23. At Vienna, aged 86, Prince Constantine Czartoryski. This distinguished Polish patriot was born at Warsaw in 1773, and was educated, together with his elder brother, Prince Adam (now residing in Paris), under the care of distinguished masters. A tour of Europe and a long stay in England served to complete the education of the two princes The insurrection headed by Kosciuszko gave the first opportunity for the display of their patriotism; and the Empress Catharine having subsequently confiscated the property of their father, only reinstated them in their rights at the earnest solicitation of the Court of Vienna, and on condition that they should re side in St. Petersburg in the character of hostages. After having remained until the year 1793, in Grodno, with their uncle, King Stanislas Augustus, they repaired to the capital of the empire, and were compelled to enter the Russian army During the Revolutionary period, they quitted the Russian service; and when the Emperor Napoleon raised a Polish legion under Prince Poniatowski, Prince Constantine join ed him with patriotic ardour, and levied at his own expense a regiment of infantry, of which he was colonel, and with which he served with distinction against Austria in 1809 and in 1812 against Russia. Among the various brilliant feats of arms performed by this regiment, its conduct at the siege of Smolensko is more particularly quoted The Emperor Napoleon de corated the brave and intrepid colonel with his own hand, and nominated him an otheer of the Legion of Honour. Subsequently Prince Poniatowski presented him with the Polish Cross. Unfortunately, Prince Constantine Czartoriskis distinguished military career was cut short at the battle of Mojaisk, where his horse was killed under him, and he himself received so serious a contusion that he was forced to leave the service. Having been nominated aide-de camp general to the Emperor Alexander I., on the erection of the kingdom of Poland, he soon asked and received leave to retire on account of his health. In 1831, at the time when the Austrian Cabinet seemed favourably disposed towards the Polish case, Prince Constantine Czartoryski became an active mediator between that Cabinet and the Insurrectional Government. Prince Constantine was at Vienna what his brother is at Paris, the protector of the Polish race. His house was ever open to his Polish compatriots, and he was the liberal patron of all distinguished Polish artists and men of letters. Dec. 19. At Dalhousie Castle, co. Edinburgh, aged 4×, James Andrew Ramsay, Marquess of Dalhousie, and Lord Dalhousie, of Dalhousie Castle, and of the Punjab, in the peerage of England; Earl of Dalhousie, and Lord Ramsay of Dalhousie and Kerrington, and Lord Ramsay of Melrose in the peerage of Scotland; K.T.; Lord Clerk Register and Keeper of the Nig net in Scotland, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Constable of Dover Castle, an Elder Brother of the Trinity House, &c. James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, first Marquess of Dalhousie, was born on the 22nd of April, 1×12, at Dalhousie Castle, the third son of the ninth Earl of Dalhousie, of a family dating with the most ancient Scottish noles, and which was raised to the peerage in 1618, when Sir George Ramsay was ereated Lord Ramsay by James VI. His son was created Earl of Daiboukie in 1633. With all the world before him, as it presents itself to the vision of a younger son, the future statesman was sent to Harrow, and from Harrow proeeeded to Christ Church, Oxford, where in 1833 he took his degree with honours. By the death of his elder brother the honorary designation of Lord Ran say Lad aiready devolved upon him. Passe ing from the University the distinguished contemporary of distinguished men-for Earl Stanhope, Sir George Lewis, and Mr. Gladstone had taken honours during his term of residence, and the Earl of Eigin and Earl Canning in his year. Lord Ramsay seized the first opportunity that presented itscif to plunge into his element polities. In the elections for the l'arliament of 1835 he DEATHS. unsuccessfully contested the representation of Edinburgh with Sir John Campbell and Mr. Abercrombie, the Whig Solicitor-General and the Speakerelect of the House of Commons; but entered that Parliament which was summoned on the accession of Her Majesty as member for the county o Haddington. He did not retain his seat long, being called early in the next year to the Upper House, in consequence of the death of his father. Whether in the Lower or the Upper House, Lord Dalhousie never shone much in debate; but his administrative faculty and business habits were soon recognized by the chiefs of his party, and he was marked as a possible Minister. When Sir Robert Peel returned to power in 1841 he had to satisfy so many expectants of a party long excluded from office that he could find no office for the son of Christ Church and the connection of the Duke. In 1843, however, an opportunity served. Mr. Gladstone rose to the Presidency of the Board of Trade, and Lord Dalhousie took his place as Vice-President. Then, again, when his chief resigned the Presidency in 1845, Lord Dalhousie reigned in his stead, and occupied the office during the remainder of Sir Robert Peel's term of government. The new Premier, Lord John Russell, desired that he should retain his post under the new Administration; but this Lord Dalhousie refused, deeming the only honourable course to be to retire with his retiring patron. This unusual compliment was due to the untiring energy and remarkable administrative ability which Lord Dalhousie had displayed in the conduct of his department, at a time when the sudden development of the railway system and the transition to a new commercial era had created an immense amount of work that sorely taxed the resources of his office. The education thus obtained through practice proved invaluable. Incessant labour would have been inadequate to the performance of the task-a statesmauly and judicial power was indispensable to reduce the chaos to order and progress; and through the compulsion which forced on him a masterly comprehension of great public works and the interests of a vast commerce, the Earl was really training himself for the government of an en pire less advanced in civilization, and especially needing the creation of similar public works for the development of its resources. He was, after a short but active apprenticeship at the Board of Trade, offered the splendid position of Governor-General of India, as successor to Lord Hardinge. He accepted the offer, and arrived at Calcutta on the 12th of January, 1848. It is not yet possible to write the history of Lord Dalhousie's administration in India. Splendid to all appearance, it must be read by the light of that bloody commentary of the rebellion which succeeded it. That his views were of the largest, that his ambition was of the noblest, that his faculty of direction and government was of the highest order, cannot be doubted. Nor is it unlikely that, if he had been able to retain his post, he, who had all the threads of policy in his hands, and who knew, as no one else knew, to what end a thousand wheels had been set a-working, who devised the policy, who put it in motion, and who, after eight years of power, was regarded with a confidence such as no Governor-General of later days had inspired, might by his mere presence have averted all the calamities which his departure seemed to invite, and might without the necessity of a dreadful ordeal have carried all his measures and projects to a successful and glorious issue. But, on the other hand, it may be that the large conceptions which disturbed the constituted order of things to the very centre, the reforms which were accumulated the one upon the other, the absorption and reconstruction of States, the wide conquests and the vague anticipations of future annexations, may have so unsettled the enduring foundations of government and made all seem to depend upon the will of one man-a Ruler not to be baffled, not to be turned aside, not to be subdued-that when that awe-inspiring Presence was removed that revulsion ensued, that protest whose record is written in characters of blood and fire. The best account of what Lord Dalhousie proposed to himself, and what he effected as Governor-General, will be found in the celebrated Minute which he drew up, reviewing his administration in India from January, 1848, to March, 1856. It occupies DEATHS. some forty folio pages, and is one of the most remarkable State Papers ever penned. Beginning with his foreign policy and the wars to which he was compelled, he gives an account of his conquests. From conquest he naturally proceeds to annexation, and between the two, boasts that he has added to the dominion of the Queen no less than four great kingdoms, be sides a number of minor principalities. Of the four kingdoms, Pegu and the Punjab belong to the list of conquests; while Nagpore and Oude belong to the class of annexations, to which class must be added the acquisition of Sattara, Jhansi, and Berar. It was less, however, to the acquisition of new territory that he looked with pride than to the means which he adopted for developing the resources of the country and improving the administration of the Government. He could point to railways planned on an enormous scale, and partly commenced; to 4000 miles of electric telegraph spread over India, at an expense of little more than £50l. a-mile; to 2000 miles of road, bridged and mettled nearly the whole distance from Calcutta to Peshawur; to the opening of the Ganges Canal, the largest of the kind in the world; to the progress of the Punjab Canal, and of many other important works of irrigation all over India; as well as to the reorganization of an official department of public works. Keeping equal pace with these public works, he could refer to the postal system which he introduced in imitation of that of Rowland Hill, whereby a letter from Peshawur to Cape Comorin, or from Assam to Kurrachee, is now conveved for d., or 1-16th of the old charge; to the improved training or dained for the civil service, covenanted and uncovenanted; to the improve ment of education and prison disci. pine; to the organization of the Legis lative Council; to the reforms which it had decreed, such as permitting Hindoo widowa to marry again, and relieving all persons from the risk of forfeiting property by a change of religion. These are but a few of the incidents of his administration; and, knowing how much they were due to his own intelligence and energy, he might well regard them with pride. There is, perhaps, none of our living statesmen who have succeed. ed so entirely in breaking away from the thraldom of red tape, rising above forms, and directing everything with a minute superintendence that nothing could escape. In carrying out these multiplied plans he made himself to a certain extent independent of his subordinates; he did their work, he was a sort of autocrat who broke through all the officialism which is, perhaps, one of the necessary evils of a free Government. He was a king in the sense which Mr. Carlyle admires-one who acts for himself and who comes directly into contact with the governed. Uuhappily, the Earl's constitution, never strong, completely broke down under this excess of labour. He went to the mountains for health, but found it not. He had, in 1853, sent his wife home also in bad health; but she died on the homeward voyage, and the first intimation he had of her death was from the newsboys shouting the announcement in the streets of Calcutta. It was a dreadful shock, and ere long it seemed doubtful whether he himself should survive the fatigue of a voyage home, or whether he might not even die before the arrival of his successor. It was at this moment, when Lord Dalhousie's health was inadequate to the responsibilities he had created for himself, that the home authorities announced their policy of the deposition of the King of Oude and the annexation of his kingdom. The policy of this proceeding has been questioned by the highest authorities - its justice still more. But whether politie or unwise, just or iniquitous, no more difficult task has ever been undertaken in India. The integ rity of the Oude sovereignty was unbroken, there was a lawful Sovereign and a recognized Court, a numerous, proud, and warlike nobility, a brave people, a country strong by nature, and covered with feudal castles, a rich treasury, a large and not undisciplined army. If such were the strengths of the Oude Sovereign at home, he had a greater strength in the army of his foe, for the Native army of Bengal was chiefly recruited from the youth of Oude. The Native princes, too, stood aghast at the magnitude of the blow and of the crime. Lord Dalhousie was entitled to transfer to his successor the execution of the dangerous project and all the obloquy that must attend it. But he felt that the task, perilous in the most experienced hands, must al |