Asian and African Studies, Volume 17

according activities administrative Algiers appear Arab Arabic Poetry artists authority became beginning British Cairo central century concerning continued court cultural Damascus dhawāt discussion early economic effects Egypt Egyptian elite established evkaf example fact Fahmi female founders French governor Haifa hand Hasan important included income indication influence institutions interest involved Iraq Iraqi Islamic issue Istanbul Jerusalem land later letter London male managers March means mentioned Mesopotamian Middle military mosques Muḥammad nationalist official origin Ottoman Palestine Pasha period poetry political position present probably question reference regarding relations religious Report revolutionary rule seems social society sources status Studies Sultan Supreme Muslim Council symbols Syrian Table Tell term traditional ulamā urban various village waqf women