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Offenses, committed prior to repeal of statute to be punished,

p. 29, § 5598 R. S.

limitation of actions for, unaffected by repeal, p. 29, § 5599
R. S.

Office, right to, unaffected by repeal of statute, p. 29, § 5597 R. S.
Officers, before whom oath taken, pp. 22-3, 172-4, § 2335 R. S.

§ 115 (Ν. 3).

for additional land districts appointed by President, p. 25,
§ 2343 R. S.

not using seal, official character attested, p. 136, § 87.

of corporations--removal of-California, pp. 264-5, § 191.

Ore, sale and disposition of, regulated by statute of Colorado,
pp. 311-12, § 262.

Oregon, mining laws of, pp. 354-7, §§ 315-25.

Ouster. to be alleged in possessory action, p. 37, § 19.
Owners, of tunnels, rights of, pp. 15, 16, 17, §§ 2323, 2324 R. S.
Partition, of mining claims, pp. 212, 217, §§ 151, 153.

of claims in Arizona, pp. 245-6, §§ 168-73.

in Nevada, pp. 335-6, § 300.

Partnership, mining, pp. 213-16, § 151a.

peculiar, incidents of, pp. 213-14, id.
absence of delictus personпа, pp. 214, 15, id.
commercial may be formed for mining, p. 215, id.
in California, pp. 266-9, § 193.

Party, plaintiff in proceeding to impeach patent, who must be,

p. 96, § 65 (N. 6).

plaintiff-defendant-in injunction suit, pp. 237-8, § 158.

Patent, Ch. xi., p. 92-107, §§ 63-74.

NATURE AND EFFECT OF PATENT, pp. 92-3, § 63.

patent for mining claim, same as other patents, p. 92, § 63.

patents in general, pp. 92-3, id.

WHEN PATENT VOID, pp. 93-4, § 64.

must be grantee who accepts, p. 93, id.

issued to deceased person, pp. 93-4, id.

reserved lands-presumptions-collateral attack, p. 94, id.

RELIEF WHERE OBTAINED BY FRAUD, p. 95-8, § 65.
ejectment--estoppel in pais-judicial transfer, id.
fraud-at law and in equity-collateral attack-jurisdiction,
pp. 96-8, § 65 (Ν. 6).

SAME, ESTOPPEL BY DEED, pp. 98-9, § 66.

warranty-general and special covenants, id.
WHEN PATENT TAKES EFFECT, pp. 99-100, § 67.

Patent-Continued.

relation, does not favor adverse possession prior to issue,

id.

does not relate back to prior location, p. 100, id.
WHAT PASSES BY PATENT, pp. 100-1, § 68.

title to minerals passes when not reserved, id.
TO WHOM MAY ISSUE, pp. 101-2, § 69.

citizens, declarants, associations, p. 101, id.
unmarried men and unmarried women, pp. 101-2, id.
RESERVATION IN GRANTS OF PUBLIC LAND, pp. 102-3, § 70.

reservation of minerals, p. 102, id.

must be minerals in available quantities, p. 103, id.

PATENTS TO MINING CLAIMS, p. 103, § 71.

surveys-monuments-courses and distances, id.

WHAT CONVEYED BY, pp. 103-4, § 72.

dip, between end lines, produced, id.

LAND OFFICE REGULATIONS-APPLICATION, pp. 104-5, § 73.
jurisdiction of land office methods, id.

appeals to Secretary of Interior, p. 105, id.

ADVERSE CLAIMS, pp. 105-6, § 74.

by whom filed-effect of failure-jurisdiction of court, id.
manner of proceeding to obtain to lode claims, pp. 117-21,
160-70, §§ 80, 105-112.

reservations in, pp. 157-8, § 103.

for what, may be issued under mining laws, pp. 158-9, § 104.
applications for, pp. 17, 160-70, § 2325 R. S., §§ 105-12.
applicants for, who may be, pp. 161-2, §§ 2325 R. S., § 107.
may be obtained by filing judgment roll, p. 19, § 2326 R. S
where application for filed, id.

to whom will issue, to whom delivered, p. 174, § 116.
several may issue to portions of same claim, p. 19, § 2326.
issued under former laws, to lodes, p. 20, § 2328 R. S.
effect of erroneous issue of, pp. 175-6, § 117.
placers, pp. 20, 21, 160-1, §§ 2329-31 R. S., § 106.

work for period of limitation entitles to, p. 21, § 2332 R. S,
for placer claims, including lode, proceedings for, pp. 21-2,
96, 124-6, 160-1,§ 2333 R. S., §§ 65, 82 (Ν. 6), 106.
may be obtained by possession for period of limitation,
pp. 21, 27-8, § 2332 R. S., § 83.

application for, terminates annual labor, p. 55, § 29.

how its issue affected by previous water rights, pp. 78-80,
§§ 50-2.

for coal lands, when void, pp. 85-6, §§ 59-60.

Patent-Continued.

conclusive when, and as to what, p. 97, § 65 (Ν. 6).

to mining claim, p. 103, § 71.

what conveyed by, of lode claims, pp. 103-4, 157, §§ 72, 102.
granted under old law, rights under enlarged, p. 110, § 77.

for mill sites, pp. 128-30, 159, §§ 84, 104.

for non-mineral land, p. 23, § 2337 R. S.

conditions to be expressed in, p. 24, § 2338 R. S.

to be subject to vested and accrued rights, p. 24, § 2340

R. S. (See WAETR RIGHTS.)

to mineral lands in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota,
p. 25, § 2345 R. S.

does not cut off right to follow cross veins, p. 66, § 38.
right to claimed under relocation-proof required, p. 154-5,
§ 98.

(See LAND OFFICE DECISIONS, pp. 157-78, §§ 102-20.)
Patentee, succeeds to rights of the government, p. 93, § 63.
who may become, pp. 101-2, 161-2, §§ 69, 107.

of mining claim, what they obtain, pp. 103-4, 157, §§ 72, 102.
(See PATENT.)

Payment, for patented mineral claim, when made, pp. 18, 99,
120-1, 176, § 2325 R. S., §§ 67, 80, 118.

for coal lands, when made, p. 27, § 2350 R. S.

for land to government, annual labor not required after,
p. 55, § 29.

must be in lawful money of United States, p. 176, § 118.
Penalties, inflicted under repealed statute, p. 29, § 5598 R. S.
for cutting timber on public domain, p. 77, § 3 Statute.

for forcible dispossession, etc.--Colorado, pp. 290-1, §§ 235-6.
for removal of stake, destruction of notice, etc.-Idaho,

p. 324, § 289a.

Montana, pp. 330, 333, §§ 294, 2969.
Utah, pp. 358, 359, §§ 327-8, 332.

Wyoming, pp. 365, 366, §§ 361-2, 364.

Petroleum, deposits patentable as mines, p. 159, § 104.
Placer claims, Ch. v., pp. 70-3, §§ 43-6.

DEFINITION OF PLACER, pp. 70-1, § 43.

legislative definition--miner's definition, id.
LOCATION OF PLACER CLAIMS, pp. 71-2, § 44.
left to local regulation, p. 71, id.
quantity governed by federal statute, p. 72,
SURVEY, pp. 72-3, § 45.

on surveyed and unsurveyed lands, id.

Placer claims-Continued.

RECORD, p. 73, § 46.

recording a matter of local regulation, id.
patents for, what may be included-locations distinguished,

pp. 96, 160, §§ 65 (N. 6), 106.

manner of proceeding to obtain, pp. 124-6, § 82.
when may be obtained by proof of possession for period of
limitation, p. 127, § 83.

Placers, Conformity of, to surveys, limits of, pp. 20-21, §§ 2329,

2331 R. S.

what forms of deposits included, pp. 20, 70-1, § 2329 R. S., § 43.
sub-divisions of ten-acre tracts for patent, joint entry of
several, pp. 20-1, §§ 2330, 2331 R. S.

maximum size of, p. 20, § 2330 R. S.

price paid per acre for-included lodes, pp. 21-2, § 2333 R. S.
expenses of surveyor paid by claimants, p. 22, § 2334 R. S.
definition of, pp. 70-1, § 43.

location of, etc., in Arizona, pp. 248-9, § 177.

in Colorado, pp. 294-6, §§ 246-7.

annual labor on, pp. 295-6, § 247.

location, etc., subject to district laws-Oregon, pp. 356-7,

§§ 320, 325.

in Wyoming, p. 364, § 357.

Plats, required in application for patent, pp. 17, 117-18, 165, 168-70,

§§ 2324 R. S., §§ 80, 110, 112.

not required for placers on surveyed lands, p. 21, § 2331 R. S.
township, receipt of at land office governs filing declaratory

statement, p. 27, § 2349 R. S.

required in adverse claims, pp. 122-3, § 81.

and field notes sworn to, when, pp. 136-7, § 87.

Pleading, rules and customs, p. 8, § 8.

possessory right, p. 37, § 19.

forfeiture must be specially pleaded, p. 57, § 30.
abandonment not specially pleaded, p. 60, § 33.
in injunction proceedings, p. 237, § 158.
possessory right, importance of description, pp. 241-2, § 159.
in possessory action-Colorado, pp. 298-9, §§ 250-1.

Police regulations, in California, pp. 276-7, § 201.
in Nevada, pp. 351-2, § 308.

Possession, right of, not lost by forfeiture. p. 9, § 9.
right of, secured by location, pp. 14-15, § 2322 R. S.
limited by lines, id.

water rights secured by priority of, p. 24, § 2339 R. S.

Possession-Continued.

by settlers, right of protected against ditches, etc., id.
of coal lands gives preference right of entry, pp. 26, 140,

§ 2348 R. S., § 88.

priority of, coal lands, prevails in case of conflict, pp. 27,
140-1, § 2351 R. S., § 88.

of lode claims gives right against trespassers, p. 33, § 15.
recognition of right of, by Congress, id.

by courts, id.

right of, can be asserted by citizens, id (N. 2.)

prior to location, good against trespassers, p. 33, § 16.

actual, prior to discovery, p. 34, § 16 (Ν. 1).

what constitutes, pp. 34-5, § 17.

character of, to hold lode claim, pp. 34-5, § 17.

notice with names, etc., on stake, equivalent to actual,.

pp. 35-44, §§ 17 (N. 6), 24 (Ν. 1).

adverse, cannot be shown under void deed, p. 35, § 17.

raises inference of title, presumed rightful, not good against

United States, p. 36, § 18.

by an alien does not warrant trespass, p. 38, § 20.

-!

for long time cures defective location, p. 45, § 25.
party in, not affected by failure to record, p. 49, § 27.

after forfeiture, good against trespasser, p. 58, § 31 (Ν. 5).
under license not good against government, p. 92, § 63.
for period of limitation entitles to placer patent, p. 127, § 83.

inures to benefit of co-tenant, p. 211, § 151.

is notice of claimant's right, p. 219, § 154.

in case of trespass, p. 230, § 158.

in actions of ejectment, pp. 231-2, id.

in actions to quiet title, p. 238, id.

Possessory actions, in California, p. 250, § 178.

in Colorado, pp. 298-9, §§ 250-2.

Possessory right, character of, p. 36, § 18.

pleading, p. 37, § 19.

prior to discovery, p. 41, § 21.

retained by one prevented from locating by force, p. 45, § 25.
continues after forfeiture, p. 60, § 33.

to water recognized and enforced. (See WATER RIGHTS.)
to be adjudicated by courts, p. 155, § 98.

considered private property, pp. 192-3, § 138.

Pre-emptions, protected, p. 20, § 2330 R. S.

subject to vested, or accrued water rights, p. 24, § 2340 R. S.
on land heretofore designated as mineral, p. 24, § 2341 R. S.

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