with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two Article 1. miles :

(c.) On the port side, a red light, so constructed as to show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles :

(d.) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens, projecting at least three feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

steam tugs.

Art. 4. Steam ships, when towing other ships, shall Lights for carry two bright white mast-head lights vertically, in addition to their side lights, so as to distinguish them from other steam ships. Each of these mast-head lights shall be of the same construction and character as the mast-head lights which other steam ships are required to carry.

sailing

Art. 5. Sailing ships under way, or being towed, Lights for shall carry the same lights as steam ships under way, ships. with the exception of the white mast-head lights, which they shall never carry.

tional

small sail

Art. 6. Whenever, as in the case of small vessels Excepduring bad weather, the green and red lights cannot lights for be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their ing vessels. respective sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition; and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels,

Article 1. be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time

Lights for ships at anchor.

Lights for pilot vessels.

Lights for fishing

boats.

to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the colour of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable screens.

Art. 7. Ships, whether steam ships or sailing ships, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways shall exhibit, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull, a white light, in a globular lantern of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light visible all round the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile.

Art. 8. Sailing pilot vessels shall not carry the lights required for other sailing vessels, but shall carry a white light at the mast-head, visible all round the horizon,—and shall also exhibit a flare-up light every fifteen minutes.

Art. 9. Open fishing boats and other open boats vessels and shall not be required to carry the side lights required for other vessels; but shall, if they do not carry such lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on the one side and a red slide on the other side; and on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that

the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor Article 1. the red light on the starboard side.

Fishing vessels and open boats when at anchor, or attached to their nets and stationary, shall exhibit a bright white light.

Fishing vessels and open boats shall, however, not be prevented from using a flare-up in addition, if considered expedient.

Rules concerning Fog Signals..

Art. 10. Whenever there is fog, whether by day or Fog signals. night, the fog signals described below shall be carried

and used, and shall be sounded at least every five minutes; viz. :

(a.) Steam ships under way shall use a steam whistle placed before the funnel, not less than eight feet from the deck :

(b.) Sailing ships under way shall use a fog

horn :

(c.) Steam ships and sailing ships when not under way shall use a bell.

Art 11. If two sailing ships are meeting end on or nearly end on so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

ing ships

Art. 12. When two sailing ships are crossing so as Two sailto involve risk of collision, then, if they have the wind crossing. on different sides, the ship with the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the ship with the

Article 1. wind on the starboard side; except in the case in

Two ships under steam

meeting.

Two ships

under steam crossing.

Sailing ship and

which the ship with the wind on the port side is close hauled and the other ship free, in which case the latter ship shall keep out of the way but if they have the wind on the same side, or if one of them has the wind aft, the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

Art. 13. If two ships under steam are meeting end on or nearly end on so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

Art. 14. If two ships under steam are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Art. 15. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship, ship under and the other a steam ship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam ship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

steam.

Ships under steam to slacken speed.

Vessels overtaking other

vessels.

Art. 16. Every steam ship, when approaching another ship, so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse; and every steam ship shall, when in a fog, go at a moderate speed.

Art. 17. Every vessel overtaking any other vessel shall keep out of the way of the said last-mentioned vessel.

Art. 18. Where by the above rules one of two ships Article 1. is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her Construccourse, subject to the qualifications contained in following article.

tion of

the articles

12, 14, 15, and 17.

save

cases.

Art. 19. In obeying and construing these rules, due Proviso to regard must be had to all dangers of navigation; and special due regard must also be had to any special circumstances which may exist in any particular case rendering a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

under any

stances, to

proper pre

Art. 20. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any No ship, ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from circumthe consequences of any neglect to carry lights or neglect signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or cautions. of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.