vessels can, however, run into the river at high water. The land produces large quantities of rice, which is sent to Amboyna and other islands. The anchorage for large ships is, with the flagstaff N. N. W. in 6 or 7 fathoms, about 2 miles from the shore.

SALEYER.-This island, which extends about 10 leagues N. and S., is separated from the S. point of Celebes by the Strait of Saleyer. It is well inhabited, and produces large quantities of grain; and much coarse blue and white striped cloth is manufactured from cotton grown on the island.

BUGIS BAY.-This bay begins on the E. side of the S. point of Celebes, which forms, with the island of Saleyer, the Straits of that name, and stretches about 3° to the N. into the middle of the island. The W. side of the bay is better inhabited than the E., and has several villages belonging to the natives. The principal river and town are called Boni, near the bottom of the bay on the W. side, in latitude about 3° S. Ships from Bengal have occasionally visited this place, with a view of trading in opium and piece-goods, and receiving gold-dust, &c. in return; but they have generally been disappointed.

BOUTON.-The S. point of this island is in latitude 5° 42′ S., and longitude 122° 44′ E. It is well inhabited. The principal town is Bouton, in latitude 5° 27′ S.; it is built upon an eminence, with a very steep declivity to the N. W., and is surrounded with thick walls, which secure the inhabitants from the incursions of the Malay pirates who frequent this sea. The houses are built of bamboos, and covered with palm-leaves. The anchorage is with the flagstaff bearing S. 17° W., and the watering place E. N. E., three miles.

Refreshments of various kinds are to be procured here, vix. goats, ducks, fowls, rice, and sugar, for which they will take coarse cutlery, hardware, &c., but prefer money. The inhabitants are inclined to be treacherous, therefore care should be taken against them.

The E. coast of Celebes is very imperfectly known, and little frequented. The extensive peninsula by which this coast is formed, is fronted by islands of various sizes, and many islands are interspersed over the great Bays of Tolo and Tominie, or Gonong Tello.

GONONG TELLO RIVER, in latitude 0° 28′ N., and longitude 123° 15′ E., is on the N. side of the great Bay of Tominie, or Gonong Tello, which stretches inland nearly to the W. side of Celebes. The town is about two miles up the river. Ships can only anchor at its entrance in deep water. On the E. side, just within the entrance, are two small coves, either of which a ship may haul into, and lay sheltered from the very strong

freshes that come down the river; immense stones lie coves, which are very convenient for mooring to. chiefly Mahometans.

on the beach in these

The inhabitants are

TRADE.-A considerable trade is carried on here. The Rajah is the principal merchant. For what they have to dispose of, they ask double the price they will take; and for what they want to purchase, they will not at first offer above half what is asked. The articles most in demand are opium, iron, gunpowder, piece-goods of a common kind, and coarse cutlery. Very few European goods answer on this part of the island. Gold is one of the principal exports; but it is necessary to be a good judge of it, as they will take every advantage they can, and it is only to be bought in small quantities of different merchants. There are four or five qualities of it; the price, in bars, from nine to eleven Spanish dollars for one dollar weight, and gold-dust about the same price. It is said that gold to any amount might be procured from Celebes. The mines are about a degree to the W. of Gonong Tello. Rice, wax, beech de mer, and a few other articles may be got reasonably. Tortoise-shell is procured here in considerable quantities.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS.-Buffaloes are in abundance; sheep and goats are chcap; fowls are procured for pice, or for knives-large ones, four for a knife. Water and wood are easily procured.

COINS.-Spanish dollars are the best coins to make purchases with. The N. coast of Celebes is in general high bold land. Near the N. extreme are two places of trade, Kemar and Manado.

KEMAR, in latitude 1° 22′ N., and longitude 125° 19′ E., is on the W. side of the point, and there is good anchorage within 1 mile of the shore. This place is easily known by the high mountains, the southernmost of which, Mount Chabot, may be seen 30 leagues in clear weather.

TRADE.-Little is carried on here. Opium is always in request, but is under restraint. A small quantity of coarse piece-goods is sold annually.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS are to be had cheap, but not in any quantity without permission from the Resident. Bullocks and hogs are good; fowls, rice, and paddy, cheap; yams, onions, and some other vegetables in abundance. The water here is very excellent.

MANADO is on the W. side of Cape Coff, in latitude 1° 30′ N. and longitude 124° 47′ E. Opium and piece-goods are imported here, for which they receive gold in return, besides wax and many other articles. The Dutch kept this place and Kemar to furnish provisions for Ternate, this part of Celebes being very fruitful, and abounding in rice, &c.

SANGIR. This island extends from latitude 3° 21' N., nearly in a

N. N. W. direction, to 3° 46′ N., of an oblong form; broadest towards the N. end, and tapering small towards the S., having several good bays. The principal town and bay are about the middle of the W. coast, and called Taroona, in latitude 3° 28′ N., and longitude 125° 44′ E. The anchorage is within a mile of the shore, in 60 fathoms, near a small river or watering place. There is also another town, called Tabockang, nearly opposite on the E. coast. On anchoring, the canoes come off in great numbers with goats, fowls, yams, coco-nuts, and various fruits and vegetables, for which they prefer white metal buttons to any other commodity; of money they have scarcely an idea. This and the neighbouring islands abound with coco-nuts; a fathom of brass wire will purchase 100; an ordinary knife 300; and four knives, a ballet, or 60 lbs. of coco-nut oil, and other articles in proportion. Water is procured from the river, but must be rafted off, which requires great caution, as the tides run very rapidly near the island. The inhabitants are numerous, and appear mild and benevolent; many of them are habited like Chinese.

The island of Siao bears about S. by W. from Sangir, distant from 12 to 13 leagues.

BORNEO, one of the largest islands in the world, stretching from the 4th deg. of S. to the 8th deg. of N. latitude, and from 150 to 158 degrees of E. longitude, abounds with rivers and harbours, of which the following are those chiefly frequented by the English:-Banjar Massin, Succadana, Pontiana, Momparva, Sambass, Borneo, and Passier. There is a place called Sinkawang, between Pontiana and Sambass, peopled with Chinese in considerable numbers, which has lately been much resorted to by our ships; but the Dutch, to whom it belongs, have interdicted foreign intercourse.

By recent advices, it appears that the Netherlands Government, having subjected several native states, have become undisputed masters of all that part of Borneo, from the Eastern confines of the state of Banjar Massin to the Northern boundary of that of Sambass; which includes all the gold and diamond mines of the island. The ports which are now open to European commerce, are said to be Banjar Massin, Pontiana, Momparva, and Sambass only.

The latest and most authentic account of this vast island may be found in the late Dr. Leyden's Sketch of the Island of Borneo.

BANJAR MASSIN is situated a considerable way up a river, which empties itself into the sea some distance from Point Salatan, the S. extreme of Borneo, which is in latitude 4° 10' S., and longitude 114° 42′ E. There was formerly a town of that name, about 12 English miles from the sea; but it is now removed about six miles higher up, and called Tattas. The mouth of the river is shallow, which obliges vessels of burthen to

remain in the offing. After passing the bar, the water deepens to 6 or fathoms. The branch on which Tattas stands, is called China River. The town consists of about 300 houses, most of them built upon floats in the river.

DIRECTIONS.-The Dutch Chief occasionally trades with ships visiting the place, but it is in rather a clandestine manner. Should circumstances admit of touching here, you must send a boat well manned and armed up the river to the Dutch factory, and say you want wood, water, and provisions: if possible, hire a small proa, and a man to go with you as linguist; but you must be very much upon your guard how you trust him. You will get a man of this description to go with you for a few dollars, provided he behaves well. Invite the Dutch Chief on board; in all probability he will send down a boat, and request your company on shore, in which case take nothing of value with you except your sidearms. Enquire if the Commandant of the troops and the Chief are on good terms; if they are not, you must be cautious how you talk about trade. Should there be any vessels from the E., you should visit them; they may probably have spices, which they will dispose of for opium and Spanish dollars. A number of Chinese reside at Tattas, who carry on a considerable trade with China and other places, and have a number of shops, which are well supplied with the various productions of the East.

TRADE. From China the junks bring various articles, such as are enumerated at Borneo Town. The proas from Celebes, New Guinea, and the islands to the E., bring birds'-nests, beech de mer, birds of Paradise, cloves, mace, nutmegs, sago, tortoise-shell, wax. Rice, sugar, salt, opium, piece-goods, and China-ware meet a ready sale.

Of European and Indian commodities the following are commonly imported:-Brass wire, coarse cutlery, gunpowder, guns (1 to 3 Cwt.), grapnels, gold lace, iron in bars, looking-glasses, lead in sheets, nails of all sorts, small arms, steel, scarlet cloth, and watches.

Pepper is the staple export, of which there are three qualities:-the first and best is denominated Lout pepper, the next Caytongee, and the third and worst Negaree pepper; of this last sort they have the largest quantity. It is small, hollow, light, and the most dusty; therefore, you must agree to buy by weight, and not by measure, otherwise they will give you the worst and lightest sort, reserving the heavy sorts for the China junks.

Large quantities of gold are likewise to be procured here, which is of a finer touch than that of Sambass; this, like many other eastern commodities is divided into head, belly, and foot. The head, or best, is called

Molucca gold, and is in grains as large as bay salt, of a very irregular shape, and about 22 carats fine. The belly is a smaller sort, like sand or brass filings. The foot is much the same in appearance as the belly; these two sorts are often found mixed more or less with iron dust, or something much resembling it, which comes out of the rivers. The natives clean it by the help of a loadstone, which they rub among the gold-dust in a shell or dish; but it is never got clean out, therefore you cannot be too circumspect when you purchase any; the natives esteem the highest coloured gold.

They have likewise gold in bars, which if you buy, you must cut half through with a chisel; then break and touch them, as they very often cover a base metal so artificially with gold, that if you cut right through with a chisel, instead of breaking it, you will draw the gold over it, and prevent the discovery.

The following articles are likewise to be procured :-Diamonds, fine and large; birds'-nests of the best sort, beech de mer, black wood, bezoar, cloves, camphire, mixed; dragon's blood, nutmegs, pepper, rattans, sago, and wax. The wax and birds'-nests should be carefully examined, as they generally are very dirty and foul.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS.-Provisions of all kinds are in abundance and cheap. Wood and water are easily procured; but it is usual to ask permission officially of the Dutch Chief for leave to procure refreshments, this being considered your only plea for visiting the settlement.

COINS.-Spanish dollars are the chief currency, with a few coins from Batavia, and Chinese cash for small change. The following coins likewise circulate :

Pillar dollars, which, if full weight, pass for the same as Spanish.
French crowns; there is a loss on these, if taken to China.

Rupees of various kinds, liable to the same objection.

Ducatoons, which pass at the rate of 125 Spanish dollars for 100 du

catoons.

WEIGHTS.-Those in common use for gross articles are the pecul and catty; the small weights are teeas, mace, and malaboorongs:

3 malaboorongs.........equal to..............1 teea.

MEASURES.-Grain is measured by the ganton, 230 of which are a last of rice, weighing 30663 lbs. avoirdupois. Cloth is measured by the covid. SUCCADANA is in latitude about 1° 16' S., and longitude 109° 18' E., on the E. side of a deep bay, having good anchorage in the roads in 5 or 6 fathoms, with a group of islands to the S. It is now entirely in the hands