The proportions of monies at Massuah are as follow:

10 Cafflas, or Drachms...equal to...1 Wakea = 400 grains troy.

12 Ditto........

12 Wakeas..........

...1 Rottolo, or Liter =10oz. troy.or 10 oz. 1538 dr. av.

The Mocha Vakia is to the Massuah Wakea as 5 to 6.

MEASURES.-The ardeb for grain, at Gondar, contains 10 madegas, each weighing 12 ounces Cairo weight, equal to about an eighth of an English bushel. But the ardeb at Massuah contains 24 madegas, and is therefore nearly of a bushel.

The cuba, a liquid measure, contains 62 English cubic inches, equal to 21 pints.

The principal long measure is the Turkish Pic, of an English yard. PORT MORNINGTON, in latitude 18° 16′ N., longitude 38° 32′ E. (the entrance) is a safe harbour, formed by a chain of islands stretching across the entrance of the bay; the N. W. is protected by a peninsula. The only entrance for large vessels is at the N. extremity of the harbour, though dows enter at the S. The passage is rather narrow, but the whole Navy of England might lie securely within, in 5 to 7 fathoms, with a safe bottom. On the W. end of the large island, in the middle of the bay, about six miles from the entrance, is the village of

BADOUR, where the Dola resides. It is a miserable place, mostly composed of grass huts.

TRADE. The only exports are ghee and some tortoiseshell. Money is little known here.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS.-Cattle are plentiful, as well as sheep and poultry; but the prices are high. Water is to be had equal to that of Mocha, which is not very good.

SOUAKIN, in latitude 19° 5′ N., longitude 37° 33′ E., is at the extremity of a narrow bay, 12 miles deep, and 2 broad. Towards the bottom are several islands, upon one of which the town itself is built, separated from its suburb, El Geyf, on the main land, by an arm of the sea, about 500 yards wide. The harbour is on the E. side of the town, formed by the projecting continent. The arm on the W. affords no anchorage. The islands and country are sandy. The town is decaying: the suburbs improve. The Aga

resides within the precincts of some ancient walls S. E. of the town; and ships generally anchor under the windows of his house. Near it are warehouses and a wharf. The houses are mostly built of madrepore. The maritime traders reside upon the island; the native Arabs in the Geyf, where is the market. The whole population is reckoned at 8000. The natives are represented in a bad light, as debauched and dishonest. Such is the account given by Buckhardt, whose description of this place shews its decay since it was visited by the Portuguese in 1540. Few foreign vessels enter the harbour, except through stress of weather.

TRADE.-Souakin imports by sea India piece-goods and spices, and exports the commodities received from the African continent, chiefly to Judda and Hodeyda; slaves, gold, tobacco, incense, ostrich feathers, water skins, and tanned leather, which is excellent. It is one of the chief slave marts in East Africa. Natives of Souakin settle in most of the towns of Yemen, where they act as agents. Ships bound from Souakin to Mocha generally proceed S. along the African Coast to Massuah, where they cross to the Arabian shore. In the N. part of the Red Sea, vessels from Cosseir to Judda cross to the nearest point of the opposite coast, and proceed along to Judda. Those from Judda to Cosseir follow the coast as high as the latitude of Moyla, and cross thence by help of the N. winds.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS.-Beef, mutton, fish, and vegetables are plentiful and cheap; fowls are scarce. The wells of water are at half an hour's distance from El Geyf. The water of a few is tolerable, but of none good.

COINS. In all small concerns, the currency is Dhourra (grain), which is measured by handfuls, or with a wooden measure called Moud, equal to 18 Selgas, or handfuls. For greater bargains dollars are used. Neither the Piastre, nor the Para, nor the gold coins of Turkey are taken; but they have old Paras cut into four parts, which are paid for articles of little value. Sales to a large amount are paid by Wokye, or the ounce of gold, which has its fixed value in Dollars.

There are some good bays along the coast from hence to Judda, as Gayaya, Deroura, El Fedja, and Arakya.

GAYAYA BAY is one of the best anchorages on the coast; even large ships might find shelter in stress of weather. The Bedouins sell sheep (3 for a dollar's worth of Dhourra), fish, hares, and water.

DEROURA BAY, a few miles farther, has a copious well in its neigh

bourhood.

EL FEDJA, a noted anchorage on this coast, whither the Bedouins bring excellent water.

ARAKYA BAY is a safe anchorage for large ships.

Owing to sudden gusts of wind, it is dangerous to carry a press of topsails in the Red Sea, from Cosseir upwards.

COSSEIR, a small town, in latitude 26° 8' N., longitude 34° 15′ E. It is an open roadstead, with bad holding ground, a heavy swell setting in, the anchorage very confined, shipping being obliged to lay close to the shore. The town is miserable; the country dreary. It has been a place of great note.

TRADE.-Asiatic commodities are imported and sent by the caravans into the interior. Grain is its chief export to Arabia. The garrison of the fort is Turkish, but the Government is under the Arabs, who carry on the trade.

SUEZ, at the head of the Gulph, is in latitude 30° 05′ N., longitude· 32° 28′ E., about 1 mile in circuit. Three channels run near the E. end, forming a curve, uniting into one branch, which runs W. to the back of the town. It is 2 miles from the town to the bar. There are only two passages into the city, of which that nearest the sea is open; the other closed by a gate.

TRADE is chiefly with Judda, in ships of considerable burthen; the principal import is coffee. The quantity of grain exported to Arabia is immense. When a ship arrives at Suez, a boat usually brings off a small present from the Governor, to make enquiries. It is usual to salute the officer with three guns. The most acceptable returns are double-barrelled guns and pistols, silver mounted; repeating watches, shawls, muslins, &c. Such presents, and a trifle to the officer of customs, will save you much inconvenience.

PROVISIONS ANd Refreshments.-Necessaries are scarce and dear; all kinds of animal food, including fish, are difficult to be procured; bread, butter, and milk, in small quantities. To the W. of the town is a well of brackish water; but the shipping is supplied with water (very indifferent), brought on camels, from springs at a considerable distance to the E. of the road.

COINS.-The principal current Coins are Burbers, Medines, Sequins, and Spanish Dollars. The Burber is a copper coin, 12 of which make a Medine. The Sequin is of two sorts, one called Fundunclee, and passes current for 146 Medines; the other Zermabob, which passes for 110 Medines. The Asper, though not coined in Egypt, passes current here, 3 Aspers making 1 Medine.

WEIGHTS.-Four Grains make 1 Kellat, 16 of which make a Dram, of which all the weights are compounded.

1 Dram is 1 Metigal, by which gold and silver are weighed.

144 Ditto... 1 Rottolo, equal to 1 lb. 4 ounces avoirdupois.

400 Ditto ... 1 Oke, by which sugar and other heavy goods are weighed.

The Quintal varies from 110 to 150 Rottolos, according to the species of goods to be weighed.

TOR.-This harbour is in latitude 28° 19 N., longitude 33° 28′ E., formed to the S. by a reef of coral rocks, and to the N. by a low point of land, on which is placed a beacon, a stone building, 30 feet high, with a mast in the middle, seen 3 leagues off. The town is at the N. E. part of the harbour, and inhabited by Greeks and Arabs. When the strong N. winds blow, the cargoes from Judda, intended for Suez, are landed here, and carried to Suez on camels. Tor has been considered the only safe harbour between the Straits of Jubal and Suez; but a late navigator recommends & bay on the Arabian shore, in latitude 29° 12′ N., as an excellent shelter from N. W. and W. N. W. winds, with good holding ground.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS.-The best water in this Gulph is got here by baling out of three wells, 200 yards from the beach. There are no other refreshments; but a Greek Priest occasionally brings down some fruit and vegetables from a Monastery on Mount Sinai, 20 miles hence.

YAMBO, a considerable town, in latitude 24° 10′ N., longitude 38° 21′ E., is the seaport of Medina, from which it is distant about 100 miles: here the pilgrims from Egypt land. It is the general resort of Arab vessels, and has a safe and convenient harbour in bad weather, behind a chain of shoals and breakers. The town is at the bottom of the bay, and is in a ruinous condition. The character of the natives is represented as perfidious.

PROVISIONS AND REFRESHMENTS may be procured here; but in 1777 a country vessel, bound to Suez, was inveigled into this port, and seized.

JUDDA. This town is in latitude 21° 29' N., longitude 39° 15' E. It is a port of considerable trade, arising from the Mahommedan pilgrims. The entrance to the roads is full of shoals; it would be therefore imprudent to attempt going in without a pilot. If signals are made with two guns, native pilots will meet a ship outside, and carry her to the anchorage, which is in 12 fathoms, the town bearing from E. S. to E. S. E., distant 3 miles. The proper time to leave Judda road is early in the morning. The town is superior to that of Mocha. The landing-place is in front of the Visier's palace, which, as well as the custom-house, faces the sea.

TRADE. The trade of Judda was once important; but the extortion and insolence experienced here have diminished the European trade. It is still a mart of considerable traffic between Egypt and India. Ships from Suez proceed no farther than Judda, and those from India seldom proceed to Suez. Judda trades across the Gulph to Cosseir and Massuah. The principal import consists of India piece-goods. The other commodities from India are benjamin, betel-nut, cassia, cotton-wool, cotton-thread, cardamums, china-ware, cinnamon, cloves, camphire, ginger, iron, lump-lac, lead, musk, nutmegs, opium, pepper, planks, quicksilver,

rice, sandal-wood, stick-lac, sapan-wood, sugar, sugar-candy, steel, rawsilk, shawls, saltpetre, tin, tutenague, turmeric, tobacco, thread, and vermilion. The demand for British manufactures, and other European articles, is very trifling. Besides coffee, there are few articles procured at Judda.

DUTIES AND PRESENTS -Piece-goods pay 8 per cent. customs in specie, and all other goods are valued by the custom-house officers; and whatever value they put on them, they will never abate. As all piece-goods pay in specie, it is proper to pack even hundreds in every bale; or thus, 100 pieces, 125, 150, 175, 200, &c.; for whatever odd pieces the officers find in a bale, they value at an unreasonable rate; neither is this to be remedied but by the Bashaw, to whom you can seldom obtain admission for that purpose.

Considerable presents are necessary here, both in piece-goods and money. The following is a list of presents given to the Bashaw and his officers, with the different assortment of goods, and the species they are to consist of.

The above presents are to be made out of such goods as are in your cargo, of fine, middling, and coarse. The Bashaw's and Xeriff's presents are 24 pieces each, as by the foregoing list; and these to consist of two pieces of every assortment of the finest and middling goods; and should a few pieces be wanting, you are to make up the deficiency out of the ordinary assortments. The Bashaw Kia and the Xeriff Visier are to have 21 pieces each, as by the list, and that, one piece of each assortment as the Bashaw and Xeriff have; the rest of the officers' presents are to be made out of the middling and ordinary assortments; and care must be taken that the quantity of pieces given to each person, may be sorted, so that the valuation by the list may not be exceeded. The presents in money are to the petty officers after visiting the Bashaw, and amount in the whole to 280 Judda cruse.