Exports of dress gloves not given separately.

Important changes in classification. See General Notes on Paragraph, page 1174.

GLOVES OF HORSEHIDE, ETC.

(See Survey N-18.)

Description and uses.-Gloves made from horsehide, pigskin, and cattle-hide leather are chiefly work gloves, but include a small proportion of automobile gauntlets and heavy winter gloves. Work gloves are not used to any extent in foreign countries, except in Canada. Unlined gauntlets of horsehide and cowhide are the most important type of work gloves manufactured; although some deerskin and elkskin workmen's gloves are still made, this branch of the business is of comparatively little consequence.

Production of work gloves, mittens, and gauntlets of leather in 1914 was 1,995,807 dozen pairs, valued at $9,802,305-horsehide, cattlehide, and calfskin gloves, 852,513 dozen pairs; sheepskin gloves, 675,190 dozen pairs; deer or elk skin, 94,002 dozen pairs; and all other kinds, 374, 102 dozen pairs. Women's and children's work gloves were valued at $199,630; men's unlined gloves, at $6,312,817; and men's lined gloves, at $2,027,079. In 1919 the production of working gloves, mittens, and gauntlets was 2,388.419 dozen pairs, valued at $20,268,760. Horsehide, cattle-hide, and calfskin gloves numbered 1,510,895 dozen pairs, sheepskin 274,998 dozen pairs, deer and elk skin 81,408 dozen pairs, and working gloves of other kinds 521,118 dozen pairs. Women's and children's work gloves were valued at $468,405 and men's and boys' at $19,800,355. Work gloves and automobile gloves and gauntlets are manufactured principally in factories located in the Middle West.

Imports in 1914 were 145 dozen pairs, valued at $503; in 1917, 60 dozen pairs, valued at $965. Sources are not indicated. There has been practically no foreign competition in work gloves; they are used principally in this country, and foreign manufacture is negligible. The importation of gloves of this class in 1918 was large, but the value per dozen pairs indicates that they were not largely of the "work"

variety. Imports of gloves made from horsehides, pigskins, and cattle hides, except calfskins, for calendar years are as follows:

Exports of gloves were not separately given prior to 1918, but were included under "all other manufactures of leather." Since 1918 the quantity exported has been increasing. In that year 6,374 dozen pairs out of the total of 13,186 dozen pairs were sent to Canada. In 1919 the quantity to Canada decreased almost half, but 19,142 dozen pairs were taken by England. In 1920 England again received the bulk of the exports, taking 17,537 dozen pairs, valued at $325,620. Working gloves are the kind principally exported. Exports since 1917 by calendar years have been as follows:

Important changes in classification.-Gloves, manufactured wholly or in chief value of leather made from horsehides, pigskins, and cattle hides of cattle of the bovine species, except calfskins, whether wholly or partly manufactured, are on the free list of the act of 1913 (par. 495).

Specific enumeration of different kinds of leather has been omitted.

CATGUT, WHIP GUT, WORM GUT, AND ORIENTAL GUT.

(See Survey N-19.)

Description and uses. Catgut is made from the intestines of sheep, sometimes from those of the horse, ass, or mule, but never from those of the cat. The best grades and parts of intestines are used in making strings for musical instruments and surgical sutures for closing wounds. Catgut is also used for making tennis strings, clockmaker's and hatter's cords, and whipcord. Catgut known as spinning gut forms the base of all wound strings. "Oriental" gut, used for tennis strings, is made from animal sinews, silk, and glue. Worm gut is a strong cord composed of the fiber drawn from a silkworm ready to spin its cocoon; it is used in the manufacture of snelled hooks, leaders, casts, and other fishing tackle.

Production. The manufacture of gut strings is a comparatively new industry in the United States. Value of the domestic product is not given in the census reports. Based upon reports of individual manufacturers, the annual value of gut strings produced in the United States is about $2,000,000.

Imports of catgut and worm gut in 1914 were valued at $123,551 About one-third of the imports came from Japan, the remainder principally from Germany, England, Scotland, Spain, and France. Imports in 1914 of manufactures of gut amounted to $62,566, excluding strings for musical instruments, which amounted to $13,755. Later statistics follow:

CATGUT, WHIP GUT, OR WORM GUT, UNMANUFACTURED.

MANUFACTURES OF CATGUT, WHIP GUT, OR WORM GUT, N. E. S.

1918.

1919.

1920.

1921 (9 months).

1918. 1919.

1920

1921 (9 months)..

Per cent.

Exports. Not shown in official statistics.

Important changes in classification. Catgut has been imported almost wholly under paragraph 443 of the free list of the act of 1913 as unmanufactured catgut. The strings, the form in which gut is imported, are the crudest form in which catgut is known to the trade.

The strings are not raw, dried, or salted, but have passed through processes of manufacture. These strings, including whip gut, worm gut, and oriental gut, are made dutiable in H. R. 7456 at the same rate of duty as manufactures of gut. Specific enumeration of catgut strings for musical instruments (par. 366, act of 1913) has been omitted.

Suggested changes. It is represented to the Tariff Commission that worm gut, which is used by manufacturers of fishing tackle, is not produced in the United States and might be retained on the free list.

Description and production.-Incandescent gas mantles are composed of 99 per cent of thoria and 1 per cent of ceria. In their manufacture a fabric of cotton or ramie is knit into the proper shape and saturated with a solution of thorium and cerium nitrates. The fabric is then dried and heated to a red heat to convert the nitrates into oxides, a process which preserves the shape and structure of the knit fabric. Much skilled labor, principally by women, is required in this industry. There are 30 domestic manufacturers, and the output is estimated at about 80,000,000 mantles per year.

Imports of gas mantles averaged about $60,000 in value before 1914 and yielded an annual revenue of approximately $24,000. In 1915 the imports were 1,077,289 mantles, valued at $40,627. Before the war imports were principally from Germany. Later statistics follow:

Exports of gas mantles first shown separately in 1918, have been valued as follows for calendar years: 1918, $252,284; 1919, $358,642; 1920, $478,371; 1921 (nine months), $167,850. Exports are principally to Canada, British India, and South America.