Divifions of Scotland continued. | Sheriffdoms, and other Subdivisions. | Chief Towns. Aird, Strathglafs, Sky, Harries, Inverness, Fort -Aug- Western part of Murray, Murray and Strathspey, Marr, Buchan, Garioch, Strath- Forfar, Angus, ftus. Nairn. Old and New Aberdeen, | Bervy, Stonehive. Sbires. Inverness, Nairn, Elgin, Elgin and Forres. Banff, SBanff, Strathdovern, Boyne, Banff and Cullen. Aberdeen, Kincardine, | Mearns, Forfar, Perth, Kinross, Fife, Clackmannan, A very small fhire, Stirling, Stirling, Eaft Lothian, Merfe, Lauderdale, {Teviotdale, Lidfdale, Eusdale, Kinrofe. St Andrew's, Cupar, &c. SEDINBURGH, N. lat. 56. Dunfe, Lauder. SJedburgh, Hawick, Kelfo. Argyle, Cowal, Knapdale, Kin-1 tire, Lorn, with part of the Inverary, Campbell Weftern ifles, Ifla, Jura, Mull, town. Kirkwall, N. lat. 59. 45 W. long. 3. Skallo way, N. lat. 61. near the Meridian of Lon don. Rothfay. In all thirty-three fhires, which chufe thirty reprefentatives to fit in the parliament of Great Britain; Bute and Caithness chufing alternately, as do Nairn and Cromarty, and Clackmannan and Kinrofs. The Royal Boroughs which chufe reprefentatives are, Edinburgh, Kirkwall, Wick, Dornoch, Dingwall, and Tayne, Fortrofe, Inverness, Nairn, and Forres, Elgin, Cullen, Banff, Inverury, and Kintore, Aberdeen, Bervie, Montrose, Arbroath, and Brechin, Forfar, Perth, Dundee, Cupar, and St Andrew's, Crail, Kilrenny, Easter Anstruther, Wefter Anftruther, and Pittenweem, Dyfart, Kirkaldy, Kinghorn, and Bruntifland, Inverkeithing, Dunfermline, Queensferry, Culrofs, and Stirling, Glasgow, Renfrew, Rutherglen, and Dumbarton, Haddington, Dunbar, North-Berwick, Lauder, and Jedburgh, Dumfries, Sanquhar, Annan, Lochmaben, and Kirkcudbright, I I I Σ I I I I I I I I I I I The RIVERS which run into the German ocean are, the Tweed, at Berwick; the Forth, joined by the Teith; the Tay, joined by the Earn; the South Ek and North Esk, near Montrofe; the Dee and the Don at Aberdeen; the Deveron at Banff; the Spey; the Loffie below Elgin; the Findhorn, near Forres; the Nefs at Inverness. On the weft, the Leven, which runs by Dumbarton; the Clyde by Glasgow; the Nith by Dumfries; and the Annan. The principal LAKES or lochs are, Loch-Nefs, Loch-Tay, Loch-Earn, Loch-Leven, Loch-Lomond, Loch-Owe, &c. Arms of the sea are alfo called lochs; as Loch-Long, Loch-Fyne at Inverary, &c. The chief MOUNTAINS are, the Grampian; Lammermoor, in Berwickshire; the Pentland hills, in Lothian, which join those of Tweeddale and Moffat; the Cheviot or Teviot hills, on the borders of England; the Ochil hills, in Fife; the Ord, in Caithness; the mountains of Hoy, in Orkney. There are several fingle mountains known by the name of Ben or Laru; as Ben-Nevifh near Fort-William in Invernessfhire; Ben-Lomond, North-Berwick Lau, &c. The ISLANDS of Scotland are, the Western ifles, the Orkneys, and Shetland. The chief of the Weftern ifles are, BUTE, ten miles long, and three or four broad, in which is the caftle and royal burgh of ROTHSAY, which gave the title of Duke to the eldest fons of the kings of Scotland, as it now does to the Prince of Wales; and ARRAN, both in the firth of Clyde. ISLA, JURA, and SCARBA, oppofite to Cantire in Argyle fhire. MULL, twenty-four miles long, and in fome places as broad, feparated from Morven and Ardnamurchan by a narrow ftrait called the Sound of Mull. Weft of Mull are, STAFFA, famous for its fubterraneous hall and ftupendous pillars; IONA, I, or I COLUMB KILL, anciently the feat of wef tern learning, and the burying-place of feveral kings of Scotland, Ireland, and Norway, the veiliges of which itill remain; north of this, Tyrree or Terif, Col, Rum, &c. SKY, 40 miles long, 30 broad; weft of which LEWIS and HARRIES, 100 miles long, 14 broad; NORTH UIST and SOUTH UIST. Weft of this, at a confiderable diflance, is the fmall ifland ST KILDA or HERT. The ORKNEY inds, about 30 in number, are separated from Caithness by the Pentland firth, which is dangerous to mariners from the rapidity of its tides. The largest itland is Pomona, 24 miles long, and about 9 broad; in which are Kirkwall and Stromnefs, and on the fide of a finall loch called Stennes, the remains of a Druid temple. The SHETLAND iflauds are about 46 in number. The largest is MAINLAND, 60 miles long and 20 broad; in which are Larwick and Shalloway. Near this the Dutch, in the fummer-feafon, employ a great many boats in fishing. The CAPES of Scotland are diftinguished by the names of Head, Nifs, or Mull; as Dung joy-bead, Dunnet-head, Mull of Cantire, Mull of Galloway, Buchan-nofs, &c.' IRELAND. TRELAND is fituate between 51 and 56° n. lat. and 5 and You w. long. from Faithead north, to Millenhead fouth, or to Cape Clear, near 300 miles long, and about 150 broad. It was little known to the Romans, who called it Hibernia, Ivernia, Juverna, and lerne; which laft refembles its Celtic name Lria or Iar in, which denotes a western country. The ancient 533 ancient inhabitants are reprefented by Strabo to have been very favage, Strab. iv. p. 201. Tacitus fays, that the foil, the climate, the manners and genius of the inhabitants of Ireland, differed little from thofe of Britain, Agric. 24. It is divided into four provinces, Ulfler, Leiafter, Munster, and Connaught. 1. ULSTER contains nine counties, Donnegal, Londonderry, Tyrone, Antrim, Down, Armagh, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Ca van. 2. LEINSTER, twelve counties, Louth, East Meath, West Meath, Longford, King's County, Queen's County, Kildare, Dublin, Wicklow, Caterlagh, Wexford, Kilkenny. 3. MUNSTER, fix counties, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, Clare. 4. CONNAUGHT, five counties, Galway, Rofcommon, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim. The chief towns are, DUBLIN, n. lat. 53. 20, w. long. 6, 28.; Cork, Waterford. In most of the counties, the principal places are of the fame name. Befides which, there are in Antrim, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Lifburn, Donaghadee, oppofite to Port Patrick, about eighteen miles diftant; in Louth, Drogheda, Dundalk; in Eaft Meath, Trim, Navan; in Weft Meath, Mullingar, Athlone; in Down, Newry, Dromore, Hillsborough, &c. The chief rivers are, the SHANNON, which runs above one hundred and fifty miles, forming many beautiful lakes in its progrefs; its navigation is ftopt by a ridge of rocks fouth of Killalo in Clare; the Boyne, which runs into the Irish fea at Drogheda; the Liffy, which runs through Dublin into a beautiful bay below that city; the Barrow, joined by the Suir and Noer near Waterford; Blackwater, which runs into Youghall bay; Lee, at Cork; and Bandon, at Kinfale. Ireland abounds in lakes or loughs, the chief of which are, Lough Neagh, Lough Earne, Lough Derg, the lake of Killernie, remarkable for its romantic fcenes, &c. They give this name alfo to gulphs or inlets of the fea; as, Lough Swilly, Lough Foyle, near which is the famous giants caufway; Lough Fergus, Lough Strangford, &c. Ireland in general is a level country, abounding in rich pafture for cattle. It is faid to breed no poisonous creature. Its chief mountains are thofe of Morne, in Down, and of Carling ford, north of Dundalk; the mountains of Wicklow, not far from Dublin; thofe of Tipperary, Kerry, and Tyrene. The inhabitants of Ireland are computed above two millions, nine tenths of whom at least are fuppofed to be Roman Catholics, although the established religion be the Church of England. Moft of the families of rank are defcended from the English; and in the north of Ireland, many from the Scots, most of whom are Prefbyterians. There are in Ireland four archbishopricks, Armach, Dublin, Tuam, and Cafbel. The bishopricks are eighteen, Meath, Kildare, Corke, Derry, Waterford, Killalo, Down, Clogher, Limerick, Offory, Kilmore, Elphin, Kilala, Cloyne, Leighlin, Clonfert, Raphoe, Dromore. There is but one univerfity, called Trinity College, at Dublin. The conftitution of the Irish government is fimilar to that of England. A chief governor, commonly called the Lord Lieutenant, is fent over from England by the King, whom he reprefents. The parliament here, as in England, confists of a houfe of Lords and Commons. The number of the Commons is three hundred. There used to be a liberty of appeal from the Irish courts of judicature, as in Scotland, to the British houfe of Peers; but this mark of subjection was removed by the abolition of what was called Poining's law, together with various restrictions impofed on their trade, in the year 1782. FR FRANCE. RANCE is bounded on the north by the English Channel and the Netherlands; on the eaft by Germany, Switzerland, and Italy; on the fouth by the Mediterranean and the Pyrenean mountains; and on the weft by the bay of Biscay; between 42 and 51° north lat. and between 5 weft and 8° east lon, about 600 miles in length and 500 in breadth. GALLIA ANTIQUA. Gallia was named by the Romans Gallia Transalpina, or Ulterior, which alfo comprehended Flanders, Holland, Switzerland, and part of Germany. It was called by the Greeks Galatia, and the people Galata. It was named Comāta, from the inhabitants wearing their hair long, which the Romans wore fhort; and the fouthern part of it, Braccata, from the ufe of bracca, breeches, which was no part of the Roman drefs. |