landed in the most convenient position, and to cause due care to be taken of them.

He is to inform the military departments with whom he is to co-operate how the boats landing things for them will be distinguished, and where they will be found.

He is to communicate also with the naval officer charged with taking the before-mentioned things from the ships to the shore; and he is, during the operations, to keep up such communications by signal as events may render necessary.

He is to expedite the business on the beach, and to prevent any loitering or delay in the boats, or on the part of officers or men of the ships; and if necessary, he is to point out to the proper military officers that the beach should be kept clear of all unnecessary people. Should he, on any emergency, require more strength than his party afford him, he should apply for the temporary aid of a fatigue party, or sentries, from the senior military officer near him.

The beach-master is to take care that the piers, jetties, sheers, and all appliances for disembarking troops, horses, guns, and stores, are kept in good order, and he is, without loss of time, to apply for such artificers as he may require, to repair any damage that may interfere with the perfect working condition of his department.

Reserve ammunition,

stores, intrenching tools, etc.

The reserve ammunition, intrenching tools, stores, and forage for each division of the army must be assigned, and arrangements made for their being landed conveniently for their respective divisions; (see previous remarks on boats carrying these things having distinguishing flags, page 316).

Preparation of The animals, and other means of land transport, should be land transport. sought or determined at the rendezvous, and its power estimated, that it may be determined to what purpose it is to be applied; observing that reserve ammunition, provisions, surgeon's instruments, medicine, and money chests must have the preference.

At the place of disembarkation

how ships containing in

fantry, cavalry,

artillery stores, etc., are to be distinguished from each other.

At the place of disembarkation, all ships, whether ships of war, or transports which have on board infantry who are to be disembarked, are to have the number or numbers of the regiment or regiments, and the letter R in characters two feet long on a board hung over the stern, and on a board hung in each main rigging.

Ships having cavalry are to have a letter C with the number of the regiment in the three places before named.

Ships having ammunition to be landed, are to have the word "Ammuni tion" in red characters, two feet long, on a board hung over the stern, and on a board in each main rigging.

Ships having stores to land, are to have the word "Stores" in black characters as before stated.

Every ship as soon as perfectly cleared, is to have the boards removed. (The ships will prepare accordingly.)

re

Arrange for a retreat by having piers constructed and boats Arrangements held ready, so that there may be a speedy re-embarkation. (See made for signals appended.)

Details.

embarking.

Every detail that it is possible to determine should be settled before leaving the rendezvous.

The troops to be "told off" in divisions, and the transports in corresponding divisions.

Order of sailing for transports, and "order of anchorage."

Ships of war prepared for defence. Circumspection in quitting the anchorage. Distinguishing signals for transports. Ships to be prepared for bad weather. Arrangements for hospital ships.

In what succession the infantry, cavalry, artillery, reserve ammunition, shot, provisions, stores, and camp equipage are to be landed.

The procuring and preparation of boats. The composition of the flotillas of boats. The allotment of troops to boats, and their preparation for going into them.

The troops to be first thrown on shore, and their succession from the right to left.

Skirmishers, their valises, and cooked provisions. What things officers are to take. The order of assembly.

The arrangements for towing the various divisions, and detailing each steamboat for her particular duty.

The ships and boats, with guns to cover the landing.

Boats to land horses, guns, stores, reserve ammunition, etc.

The number and the numbering of the accommodation ladders of transports. Preparation of transports for rapid disembarkation. Beach-masters and beach party of seamen and soldiers. Construction of piers, shears, etc. Means of land transport, and how to be applied. Orders for disembarkation prepared and issued.

Sketch of a Flying Pier used by Admiral Sir James Hope during the War in China, 1860.

A-Pile, formed of a split spar of 6 in. diameter, 5 ft. above, and 4 ft. below ground, with point hardened by fire, and head bound with iron to prevent splitting in driving.

B-Lower cross plank, about 7 ft. long.

C-Upper cross plank, about 6 ft. long.

}

Same breadth and thickness as an ordinary deal, holes for the piles to be horse-shoe shaped, round side out.

D-Flooring planks, about 14 ft. long, laid so as not to bring two joints alongside each other. This pier can only be used over mud.

The breadth may be increased as required, by placing two or more piers alongside each other.

By doubling the planks in the wake of the wheels, this kind of pier will bear the weight of light artillery.

SECTION VII.

ROCKET AND MORTAR APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM - LIFE BUOYS LIFE BELTS

SHIPWRECK-LIFEBOATS

HINTS TO BATHERS-INSTRUCTIONS FOR RESTORING THE APPARENTLY DROWNED-FIRST HELP IN ACCIDENTSMEDICAL AND SURGICAL HINTS-COOKERY-WATER

DISINFECTION.