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For each Province there shall be an Officer, styled the Lieutenant-Governor, appointed by the Governor-General in Council by instrument under the Great Seal of Canada.

A Lieutenant-Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor-General; but any Lieutenant-Governor appointed after the commencement of the first Session of the Parliament of Canada shall not be removable within five years from his appointment, except for cause assigned, which shall be communicated to him in writing within one month after the order for his removal is made, and shall be communicated by message to the Senate and to the House of Commons within one week thereafter if the Parliament is then sitting, and if not, then within one week after the commencement of the next Session of the Parliament.

The Legislative Assembly of Ontario shall be composed of eighty-two Members, to be elected to represent the eighty-two Electoral Districts set forth in the first schedule to this Act. 2.-QUEBEC.

There shall be a Legislature for Quebec consisting of the Lieutenant-Governor and of two Houses, styled the Legislative Council of Quebec, and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

The Legislative Council of Quebec shall be composed of twenty-four Members, to be appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor, in the Queen's name, by instrument under the Great Seal of Quebec, one being appointed to represent each of the twentyfour Electoral Divisions of Lower Canada in this Act referred to, and each holding office for the term of his life, unless the Legislature of Quebec otherwise provides under the provisions of this Act. The qualifications of the Legislative Councillors of Quebec shall be the same as those of the Senators for Quebec.

The Legislative Assembly of Quebec shall be composed of sixty-five Members, to be elected to represent the sixty-five Electoral Divisions or Districts of Lower Canada in this Act referred to, subject to the alteration thereof by the Legislature of Quebec: Provided that it shall not be lawful to present to the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec for assent any Bill for altering the limits of any of the Electoral Divisions or Districts mentioned in the second schedule to this Act, unless the second and third readings of such Bill have The salaries of the Lieutenant-Governors shall be been passed in the Legislative Assembly with the fixed and provided by the Parliament of Canada. concurrence of the majority of the Members repreEvery Lieutenant-Governor shall, before assum-senting all those Electoral Divisions or Districts, ing the duties of his office, make and subscribe before the Governor-General, or some person authorized by him, oaths of allegiance and office similar to those taken by the Governor-General.

The provisions of this Act referring to the Lientenant-Governor extend and apply to the Lieutenant-Governor for the time being of each Province, or other the Chief Executive Officer or Administrator for the time being carrying on the Government of the Province, by whatever title he is designated.

The Executive Council of Ontario and of Quebec shall be composed of such persons as the Lieutenant-Governor from time to time thinks fit, and in the first instance of the following Officers, namely, the Attorney-General, the Secretary and Registrar of the Province, the Treasurer of the Province, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, and the Commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works, with, in Quebec, the Speaker of the Legislative Council and the Solicitor-General.

The Constitution of the Executive Authority in each of the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, continue as it exists at the Union until altered under the authority of this Act.

Unless and until the Executive Government of any Province otherwise directs with respect to that Province, the seats of Government of the Provinces shall be as follows, namely,-of Ontario, the city of Toronto; of Quebec, the city of Quebec; of Nova Scotia, the city of Halifax; and of New Brunswick, the city of Fredericton.

Legislative Power.

1.-ONTARIO.

There shall be a Legislature for Ontario, consisting of the Lieutenant-Governor and of one House, styled the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

and the assent shall not be given to such Bill unless an address has been presented by the Legislative Assembly to the Lieutenant-Governor stating that it has been so passed.

Every Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and every Legislative Assembly of Quebec, shall continue for four years from the day of the return of the writs for choosing the same (subject nevertheless to either the Legislative Assembly of Ontario or the Legislative Assembly of Quebec being sooner dissolved by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Province), and no longer.

3. NOVA SCOTIA AND NEW BRUNSWICK. The Constitution of the Legislature of each of the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, continue as it exists at the Union until altered under the authority of this Act; and the House of Assembly of New Brunswick existing at the passing of this Act shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for the period for which it was elected.

VII. JUDICATURE.

The Governor-General shall appoint the Judges of the Superior, District, and County Courts in each Province, except those of the Courts of Probate in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

Until the laws relative to property and civil rights in Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, and the procedure of the Courts in those Provinces, are made uniform, the Judges of the Courts of those Provinces appointed by the Governor-General shall be selected from the respective bars of those Provinces.

The Judges of the Courts of Quebec shall be selected from the Bar of that Province.

The Judges of the Superior Courts shall hold office during good behaviour, but shall be removable

by the Governor-General on address of the Senate and House of Commons.

VIII. REVENUES; DEBTS; ASSETS; TAXATION. All duties and revenues over which the respective Legislatures of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick before and at the Union had and have power of appropriation, except such portions thereof as are by this Act reserved to the respective Legislatures of the Provinces, or are raised by them in accordance with the special powers conferred on them by this Act, shall form one Consolidated Revenue Fund, to be appropriated for the public service of Canada in the manner and subject to the charges in this Act provided.

X.-INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY.

Inasmuch as the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have joined in a declaration that the construction of the Intercolonial Railway is essential to the consolidation of the union of British North America, and to the

assent thereto of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and have consequently agreed that provision should be made for its immediate construction by the Government of Canada: Therefore, in order to give effect to that agreement, it shall be the duty of the Government and Parliament of Canada to proafter the Union, of a Railway connecting the River St. Lawrence with the City of Halifax in Nova

vide for the commencement, within six months

Scotia, and for the construction thereof without intermission, and the completion thereof with all practicable speed.

XI.-ADMISSION OF OTHER COLONIES.

It shall be lawful for the Queen, by and with the advice of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, on addresses from the Houses of the Parliament of Canada, and from the Houses of the respective Legislatures of the Colonies or Provinces of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia, to admit those Colonies or Provinces, or any of them into the Union, and on address from the Houses of the Parliament of Canada to admit Rupert's Land and the NorthWestern Territory, or either of them, into the Union, on such terms and conditions in each case as are in the addresses expressed and as the Queen thinks fit to approve, subject to the provisions of this Act; and the provisions of any Order in Council in that behalf shall have effect as if they had been enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

In case of the admission of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, or either of them, each shall be entitled to a representation in the Senate of Canada of four Members, and (notwithstanding anything in this Act) in case of the admission of Newfoundland, the normal number of Senators shall be seventy-six, and their maximum number shall be eighty-two; but Prince Edward Island when admitted shall be deemed to be comprised in the third of the three Divisions into which Canada is, in relation to the constitution of the Senate, divided by this Act; and accordingly, after the admission of Prince Edward Island, whether Newfoundland is admitted or not, the representation of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the Senate shall, as vacancies occur, be reduced from twelve to ten Members respectively, and the representation of each of those Provinces shall not be increased at any time beyond ten, except under the provision of this Act for the appointment of three or six additional Senators under the direction of the Queen.

By Act of Canada, 35 Vict., ch. 13, the House of Commons consists of 200 Members, of whom 88 are from Ontario, 65 from Quebec, 21 from Nova Scotia, 16 from New Brunswick, 4 from Manitoba, and 6 from British Columbia.

The Governor-General of Canada was by Letters Patent of 1st April, 1870, appointed Governor of Rupert's Land. The admission of Rupert's Land into the Dominion of Canada after the 15th July, 1870, was provided for by Order in Council of the 23rd June, 1870, and the Province of Manitoba Canadian Act, 33 Vic., cap. 3. was erected out of this Territory by a

INCORPORATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

16 May, 1871, issued under the authority of By Order of Her Majesty in Council, dated the British North America Act, 1867, on Addresses from the Houses of Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of British Columbia, that province was incorporated in the Dominion, the union taking effect from the 20th of July, 1871.

The terms embodied in the Addresses and Order in Council giving effect to the Union are as follows:

1. Canada shall be liable for the Debts and Liabilities of British Columbia existing at the time of the Union.

2. British Columbia, not having incurred debts equal to those of the other Provinces now constituting the Dominion, shall be entitled to receive, by half-yearly payments in advance from the General Government, interest at the rate of five per cent. per annum on the difference between the actual amount of its indebtedness at the date of the Union, and the indebtedness per head of the population of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick ($27 77c.), the population of British Columbia being taken at 60,000.

3. The following sums shall be paid by Canada to British Columbia for the support of its Government and Legislature, to wit, an Annual Subsidy of $35,000, and an Annual Grant equal to 80 cents per head of the said population of 60,000, both halfyearly in advance, such Grant of 80 cents per head to be augmented in proportion to the increase of population, as may be shown by each subsequent decennial census, until the population amounts to 400,000, at which rate such Grant shall thereafter remain, it being understood that the first census be taken in the year 1881.

4. The Dominion wil provide an efficient Mail Service, fortnightly, by steam communication between Victoria and San Francisco, and twice a-week between Victoria and Olympia, the vessels to be adapted for the conveyance of freight and pas

sengers.

5. Canada will assume and defray the charges for the following services:—

A. Salary of the Lieutenant-Governor; B. Salaries and Allowances of the Judges of the Supreme Courts and the County or District Courts;

C. The charges in respect to the Department of Customs;

D. The Postal and Telegraphic Services;
E. Protection and Encouragement of Fisheries;
F. Provision for the Militia;

G. Lighthouses, Buoys, and Beacons, Shipwrecked Crews, Quarantine and Marine Hospitals, including a Marine Hospital at Victoria; H. The Geological Survey, I. The Penitentiary;

And such further charges as may be incident to and connected with the services which by the British North America Act of 1867 appertain to the General Government, and as are or may be allowed to the other Provinces..

6. Suitable Pensions, such as shall be approved of by Her Majesty's Government, shall be provided by the Government of the Dominion for those of Her Majesty's servants in the Colony whose position and emoluments derived therefrom would be affected by political changes on the admission of British Columbia into the Dominion of Canada.

7. It is agreed that the existing Customs' Tariff and Excise Duties shall continue in force in British Columbia until the Railway from the Pacific Coast and the system of Railways in Canada are connected, unless the Legislature of British Columbia should sooner decide to accept the Tariff and Excise Laws of Canada. When Customs and Excise Duties are, at the time of the Union of British Columbia with Canada, leviable on any Goods, Wares, or Merchandises in British Columbia, or in the other Provinces of the Dominion, those Goods, Wares, and Merchandises may, from and after the Union, be imported into British Columbia from the Provinces now composing the Dominion, or from either of those Provinces into British Columbia, on proof of payment of the Customs or Excise Duties leviable thereon in the Province of Exportation, and on payment of such further amount (if any) of Customs or Excise Duties as are leviable thereon in the Province of Importation. This arrangement to have no force or effect after the assimilation of the Tariff and Excise Duties of British Columbia with those of the Dominion.

8. British Columbia shall be entitled to be represeated in the Senate by three Members, and by six Members in the House of Commons. The representation to be increased under the provisions of the British North America Act, 1867.

9. The influence of the Dominion Government will be used to secure the continued maintenance of the Naval Station at Esquimalt.

10. The provisions of the British North America Act, 1867, shall (except those parts thereof which are in terms made, or by reasonable intendment may be held to be specially applicable to and only affect one and not the whole of the Provinces now comprising the Dominion, and except so far as the same may be varied by this Minute, be applicable to British Columbia, in the same way and to the like extent as they apply to the other Provinces of the Dominion, and as if the Colony of British Columbia had been one of the Provinces originally united by the said Act.

11. The Government of the Dominion undertake to secure the commencement simultaneously, within two years from the date of the Union, of the construction of a Railway from the Pacific towards the Rocky Mountains, and from such point as may be selected, east of the Rocky Mountains, towards the Pacific, to connect the seaboard of British Columbia with the Railway system of Canada; and further, to secure the completion of such Railway within ten years from the date of the Union.

And the Government of British Columbia agree to convey to the Dominion Government, in trust, to be appropriated in such manner as the Dominion Government may deem advisable in furtherance of the construction of the said Railway, a similar extent of Public Lands along the line of Railway throughout its entire length in British Columbia, not to exceed however twenty (20) miles on each side of said line, as may be appropriated for the same purpose by the Dominion Government from the Public Lands in the North-west Territories and the Province of Manitoba: Provided that the quantity of Land which may be held under Preemption right or by Crown Grant within the limits of the tract of land in British Columbia to be so conveyed to the Dominion Government, shall be made good to the Dominion from contiguous Public Lands; and provided further, that until the commencement, within two years as aforesaid from the date of the Union, of the construction of the said Railway, the Government of British Columbia shall not sell or alienate any further portions of the Public Lands of British Columbia in any other way than under right of Pre-emption, requiring actual residence of the Pre-emptor on the land claimed by him. In consideration of the land to be so conveyed in aid of the construction of the said Railway, the Dominion Government agree to pay to British Columbia, from the date of the Union, the sum of $100,000 per annum, in halfyearly payments in advance.

12. The Dominion Government shall guarantee the interest for ten years from the date of the completion of the works, at the rate of five per centum per annum, on such sum, not exceeding 100,000 sterling, as may be required for the construction of a first-class Graving Dock at Esquimalt.

13. The charge of the Indians, and the trusteeship and management of the Lands reserved for their use and benefit, shall be assumed by the Dominion Government, and a policy as liberal as that hitherto pursued by the British Columbia Government shall be continued by the Dominion Government after the Union.

To carry out such Policy tracts of land of such extent as it has hitherto been the practice of the British Columbia Government to appropriate for that purpose, shall from time to time be conveyed by the Local Government to the Dominion Government in trust for the use and benefit of the Indians on application of the Dominion Government; and in case of disagreement between the two Governments respecting the quantity of such tracts of Land to be so granted, the matter shall be referred for the decision of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

14. The Constitution of the Executive Authority and of the Legislature of British Columbia shall, subject to the provisions of the British North America Act, 1867, continue as existing at the time of the Union until altered under the Authority of the said Act, it being at the same time understood that the Government of the Dominion will readily consent to the introduction of Responsible Government when desired by the inhabitants of British Columbia, and it being likewise understood that it is the intention of the Governor of British Columbia, under the authority of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, to amend the existing Constitution of the Legislature by providing that a majority of its Members shall be elective.

Prince Edward Island was incorporated by Order in Council, bearing date 26th of June, 1873, on the 1st of July in that year.

་་

By a Canadian Act, 38 Vic., cap. 49, the territories formerly known as Rupert's Land" and the North-Western Territory (with the exception of the portion forming the Province of Manitoba), were placed under the jurisdiction and control of a Lieut.Governor and Council, separate and distinct from Manitoba.

On the 31st of July, 1880, in compliance with the prayer of an address from the Parliament of Canada, dated the 3rd of May, 1878, Her Majesty issued an Order in Council annexing to the Dominion of Canada, from the 1st of Sept., 1880, such British Possessions in North America (other than Newfoundland) as were not previously included in the Dominion.

STATISTICS.

Area.

The area of Canada is computed at 3.470,392 square miles. The greater part of this is comprised in the North West Territory. The seven settled Provinces of the Dominion comprise about 805,140 square miles.

Census.

The following are the latest returns relating to the population according to the census of 1881. The figures for 1871 are given for comparison.

Population of Dominion.

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1879

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1,923,228

1880

1,191,516

1,359,027

1881

New Brunswick.

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1882

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1883

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1884

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The trade with Great Britai palul the United States in 1884 is indicated the following figures:

Imported for Consumption.

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Great Britain United States

1883. $43,418,015 50,492,826

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1871.

1881.

Animals and their produce

24,152,184

479,512

662,630

Agricultural products

18,156,060

75,201

107,646

Manufactures

4,177,146

Domestic

60,104

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74,830

Miscellaneous

687,880

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Coin and bullion, $2,184,292;

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Estimated amount short

4,885,311

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205,228

returned, $2,701,019

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The Canadian Militia for some years past has been under the immediate command of a Lieut.General of the English Army. The Dominion is divided, for military purposes, into twelve districts, with a Deputy Adjutant-General, and a Brigade Staff in charge of each. The active Militia numbers 37,000 men, and the reserve Militia consists of the men who are not serving in the active Militia.

There are included in this force 61 batteries of garrison artillery, and 16 of field artillery, and 40 troops of cavalry. There are two royal schools of gunnery, two schools of cavalry, and three of infantry, and the Dominion Government in 1874 established a ol of scientific military instruction at Kingston, ¡own as "The Royal Military College," presided over by Col. Hewett, R.E., C.M.G.

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Tariff.

The Customs Tariff levied under 42 Vict., cap. 15, 43 Vict., cap. 18, 44 Vict., cap. 10, 45 Vict., cap. 6, 46 Vict., cap. 13, and 47 Vict., cap. 30, is as follows:

Index to General Headings.

Books, Printed Matter, and Papers.
Chemical Products, Drugs, Dyes, and Medicines.
Cotton and Cotton Goods.

Earthenware, China, and Glassware.
Hemp, Jute, and Flax Goods.
Liquors.

Manufactures of Metal and Wood combined.
Metals.

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